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The impact accelerator.

March 3, 2021

From ecologist to impact investment guru, Dr. Stephanie Gripne has had a singular career arc. Originally trained in wildlife management and conservation, she went on to work on issues surrounding the built environment, in conservation real estate, environmental markets, and in the wonky world of financing strategies and historic tax credits. At the same time she was working as a research fellow, studying impact investing and philanthropy, and she became involved in the Colorado impact investing scene.

In 2012, it all came together when she founded the Impact Finance Center (IFC), based in Denver, as a nonprofit academic center with a mission to identify, train and activate philanthropists and investors to become impact investors. In 2019, the IFC added on an Impact Investing Institute, to provide education to organizations, family offices, foundations and other funding groups. Today, Stephanie’s big, hairy audacious goal is to move a trillion dollars into impact investing.  

Stephanie believes that impact investing is all about educating people – and the IFC is quickly becoming the go-to place for every level of investor, from the well-endowed non-profit world to individuals who have never invested before. We know you’ll be hearing more from Stephanie and the IFC, for sure.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Stephanie wants the Impact Finance Center to be the place to go for agenda-free and trustworthy investor education.
  • The Impact Finance Center is an accelerator for impact investors.
  • Stephanie believes there is a gigantic audience of potential impact investors out there we can reach.
  • The IFC provides impact education through portfolio evaluation, educational offerings (with 200 classes online), training and an ever-growing number of themed impact investor clubs.
  • And you should check out the Impact Real Estate Investing Club.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:14] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. Real estate can help to solve climate change, can house people affordably, can create beautiful streetscapes, unify neighborhoods and enliven cities. So, I’m on a journey to find the most creative thinkers and doers out there. I’m not the only one who wants to rethink real estate. You can learn more about me at EvePicker.com, or you can find me at SmallChange.co, a real estate crowdfunding platform with impact real estate investment opportunities open for investment right now. And if you want to support this podcast, join me at Patreon.com/RethinkRealEstate, where there are special opportunities for my friends and followers.

Eve: [00:01:09] Today, I’m talking with Dr. Stephanie Gripne. In what seems to be an improbable amount of time, Stephanie has gone from ecologist to impact investment guru. Her big, hairy, audacious goal is to move a trillion dollars into impact investing. Ten years ago, about four years after getting her doctorate, she became director of the Initiative for Sustainable Development at the University of Colorado’s Real Estate Center. There she was immersed in issues surrounding the built environment and socially responsible investing. In 2012, she took the leap and founded the Impact Finance Center as a nonprofit academic center with a mission to identify, train and activate philanthropists and investors to become impact investors. I’ve already learned a lot from Stephanie, but I’m going to learn more and so might you. So, listen in. If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast. Or go to Patreon.com/RethinkRealEstate to learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers, and subscribe if you can.

Eve: [00:02:40] Stephanie, I’m so happy to talk to you today.

Stephanie Gripne: [00:02:44] Eve, I am so happy to talk with you today.

Eve: [00:02:47] So, you have a supremely cool resume and it’s pretty clear how driven you are. There’s a lot to talk about, but I wanted to start by talking about what you’re working on today. You lead the Impact Finance Center. What is that?

Stephanie: [00:03:01] That’s a great question, Eve. For those of you in the audience who have heard of an accelerator, you might have heard of TechStars or 500 startups or Y Combinator. Those accelerators are essentially boot camps for people who want to start a startup or a small business. So, they identify, educate and invest in entrepreneurs. When I was a professor in 2010-12 at the University of Colorado at the Leeds School of Business, I was actually the director of the Initiative for Sustainable Real Estate Development. I just kept wondering why isn’t there more money flowing into good things? And I finally kept unpeeling the onion and realizing there are not entities out there providing investor education that is non-conflicted or trustworthy, in that most of the investor education is actually trying to get your business. So, it comes from Wall Street and they’re trying to become your investment adviser or raise a fund. And so, my hypothesis was that if we started providing non-conflicted investor education from the inside of a nonprofit, where we weren’t going to try to raise a fund or become your investment advisor, we could actually educate and activate these investors. So, going back to the accelerator analogy, Impact Finance Center is essentially an accelerator for impact investors. Instead of identifying, educating and investing in entrepreneurs, we identify and educate individuals and organizations who want to become impact investors. And those typically are: private foundations, community foundations, high net worth individuals, companies and family offices.

Eve: [00:04:51] So, that’s really how you and I started talking way back on the plane ramp, where we met, right?

Stephanie: [00:04:58] That is true. We did mean on a plane ramp in California. And yes, we are. I had been following the crowdfunding movement for some time and figuring out what my role in it was going to be.

Eve: [00:05:10] How do you accomplish investor education and accelerate those impact investors? What is it you actually do?

Stephanie: [00:05:17] That’s a great question. We really offer five ways for people to get education. One, and this is the the holy grail of it all, is we can evaluate your investment advisor portfolio, and that is pretty brutal. We evaluated a 100 million dollar foundation in Seattle and found out their investment advisor had charged them in excess of fees of one million dollars over five years to underperform by five million dollars.

Eve: [00:05:49] Ohhh.

Stephanie: [00:05:49] We have a 15 million dollar foundation in Denver … where we evaluated their investment advisor and found out they had been charged in excess of fees of $240,000 over seven years to underperform by 1.4 million dollars. So, we have, that is number one. We can evaluate your portfolio and investment advisor for governance and fees and evidence-based decision evaluation and impact. And then, the next phase is just education. We’re putting our 200 classes online. We have 47 recorded webinars up there. So, if you’re a do-it-yourselfer … sign on our Impact Investing Institute and train yourself. We also offer one-on-one training, small group training and large group training.

Eve: [00:06:39] Wow. That’s a lot of work, Stephanie. When did you launch the center?

Stephanie: [00:06:43] I was a professor at University of Colorado in 2010-12. And I realized then, once I had essentially collected evidence and accidentally discovered that the financial return of a grant is negative 100 percent loss. I determined that this impact investing was legal; and determined that, also, that people were interested, but there wasn’t a place for them to go learn. And then, the other piece, I realized, is asking somebody to do a first investment, cutting a 25,000 dollar check, even if you have a lot of money, is scary. And so, the key was, that’s in my, I use a baseball analogy, that’s a major league investment. And so, how do you create a T-ball opportunity for people to learn by doing. And so, that’s either using simulations like business case competitions or kind of monopoly. We do some simulation type activities, where you get to pretend you’re an investor or you actually do a small dollar amount. And we often have people take money they would have donated and pool it together in a giving circle model, and then they learn how to invest together.

Eve: [00:07:55] Interesting. Interesting. Who are you trying to reach? Like, who do you think your audience is? How big is it?

Stephanie: [00:08:04] Our audience is gigantic. If you just Google the number of millionaires in states like Colorado or Georgia or Massachusetts, and you’ll see a range from 150,000 millionaires to over a million millionaires … that’s a great question, Eve. People often ask me, oh, would you rather not work with a foundation or, versus a high net worth individual? And there’s two criteria that we look to partner with people. One, they have to be motivated and willing to take action. If you’re going to be on the slow boat will still help you, but you don’t get to be first in line. So, you have to be willing to move and take action. And the second thing is, you have to be an independent thinker. If you’re somebody who likes to have the crowd go first and you join the crowd, you’re probably not the right individual organization to come find us. And so, those are difficult to go find. But it’s great. We’re really nice about it. When people get stuck, we’re like, hey, it’s OK, go back and do this homework, and when you’re ready to get back into it, move forward. But what that means, Eve,  is that I have worked with foundations where 20 trustees, oftentimes family members, are in unison, and I’ve worked with a grumpy high-net worth individual that’s difficult to move. So, it doesn’t have to be an individual or a foundation or a family office or a corporation. It just has to be a willingness to take action.

Eve: [00:09:29] And beyond the gigantic audience of accredited investors, as you know, they are only about three percent of the population, there is now a growing audience of people who’ve never invested before and sit in the non-accredited group. So it’s huge, right?

Stephanie: [00:09:45] It’s endless. And it’s interesting, because I was trying to think the other day about how I got started. And I know my dad, when I was 12 or 13 years old, we invested in Micron Together Technology Company. I’m 47 years old. I don’t know how I found, it had to have been at the library, found a book on Motley Fool that taught direct investing. So, direct investing with public companies. And I still have some of those stocks I first invested in. But I actually did an investment in Enron, because it was a renewable energy company. So, I kind of like to think of myself as an early adopter in the modern-day crowdfunding.

Eve: [00:10:25] Since have you started seeing a shift towards impact investing?

Stephanie: [00:10:30] Oh, absolutely. In Colorado, for example, we started the Center in 2012, and I’ll go back and answer your your last question in a little bit. When we started the Center, I realized when I was at University of Colorado when I had that ‘aha’ moment that, wow, people do need education, and I thought every entrepreneurship center needs an innovative finance center. And then I took a step back, and I’m like, wait, every university that’s going to struggle financially needs innovative finance center to stay financially viable. And then I took a step back, and I thought, wait, every association of, I call them ‘clubs of money,’ a community foundation association, a YPO, family office association. They need this curriculum too. And there was, at the time, only 15 centers and really only two of us that actually do transactions. And so, that was my idea, to leave in 2012 and then start a nonprofit, multi-university academic center where we could essentially provide a curriculum in a box. And just to give you a sense of how long it takes to get going, at least in Colorado …

Eve: [00:11:46] Are you telling me how long it takes to get going?

Stephanie: [00:11:48] Well, just to just have a sense, in 2010-12, our first two transactions we supported were the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Alliance Center, and those both were real estate transactions, and one was a foundation and a couple of board members. So, they got 101 percent return. And we financed the Museum of Contemporary Art and saved them 550,000 a year. The other one was a project I led with the Alliance Center in partnership with the Denver Foundation, and we used a donor-advised fund to do a loan at zero and one percent that essentially saved that nonprofit six million dollars and gave the donor 101 percent return. I worked on those two transactions for three years and they all moved when the bills were due. They tried everything else for years and years and years. And then, when the adjustable rate mortgage was going to be due, or the building renovation COP bill was going to be due, that’s when they were finally willing to move. So, that there was a negative-like desperation as the birthplace of innovation. It took three years for two transactions. And I do believe Colorado’s probably done 100 impact investment transactions in the last three months.

Eve: [00:13:02] Wow. The story you’re telling is much like mine. I think if you build something new and I suppose on the cutting edge, it takes a really long time and you have to have stick-to-it-ness. Right. Just have to keep going.

Stephanie: [00:13:15] You do. You have to have the Stockdale paradox. You have to have this eternal knowledge you will prevail in the end. And I had great advice from a friend, Dan, whose dad said, you need to stick past three and a half years and go to five years. Most people give up at three and a half years. And there’s a great metaphor. It’s like paddling an iceberg with flippers on. It takes a long time to get that iceberg going.

Eve: [00:13:38] Yeah, it really does. It can be a little depressing but there it is.

Stephanie: [00:13:42] Um-Hmm.

Eve: [00:13:42] This is a pretty unusual place for a Ph.D. in forestry to end up. That’s what you have, right?

Stephanie: [00:13:49] Yes.

Eve: [00:13:49] So I have read about Fish and Wildlife and spotted owls on your resume. Tell me about the journey that took you from wildlife to impact investment.

Stephanie: [00:14:01] It was great. I was watching an interview this morning with Heather McGhee, and she’s approaching this conversation from a race issue. I grew up in an environmental issue, and she’s framing it using a zero sum game. And I grew up in central Idaho, in Sun Valley, Idaho. And there was a zero sum framing where it was, either we either could save the endangered species of the wolves and the salmon, or we could have jobs. And I just remember knowing deeply in my heart that there was enough resources for both of them, and my friends would literally threaten the lives of my other friends with guns. And there was a river guide I used to work for that, a bunch of the river guides, made a sticker that said ‘Happiness is the fisheries’ biologists’ face on a milk carton.’ And it was a very tumultuous, and in some ways, violent way to grow up. And I just I didn’t know. I thought it was about the wildlife at that point. And now I’m really clear it was a resource allocation issue. And I deeply believe there’s enough money for communities and the environment and jobs. And so, that just has motivated me since I was 16 and I’ll never forget. I do like woodworking. And I announced when I was 16 or 17 that I was going to become a carpenter and make furniture. And my dad, who was incredibly supportive, my late dad, of whatever I would choose, said Stephanie, what about architect? I said, I said no. I said, what about wildlife biologist? And my dad said, you have a mind for business, Stephanie. Why don’t you go make a lot of money and then you can have influence on the environment. And my dad, actually, he was a workout guy that would take companies through bankruptcy, but the last 10 years of his career, he took a company out of bankruptcy, a precast concrete company. So, for 10 years, my family made every precast concrete box in the state of Idaho, electrical box, etc., and air conditioner pad. And I said, Dad, I just don’t have the constitution to do it the way you did it. I’m not willing to go make money in whatever way I can and then do what I want to do. I’m going to do what I want to do along the way.

Eve: [00:16:22] Yeah, I think this must be part of being a parent, not really understanding what your kids are doing. Right. What would be good outcomes, do you think, if more people invest in important change making projects, what are the outcomes you hope for?

Stephanie: [00:16:41] I’ll actually, answer that question and continue my last answer a little bit. My dad would end up being quite wealthy, becoming homeless for two years, and then at 24 years of age, he would come back to live with me. And so, the roles were reversed, for those of you who cared for your parents, except my roles were reversed for me when I was 24. And I remember I was doing my Ph.D. in seven states with ranchers and, a socioeconomic analysis, a conservation project, and I got to study with my hero, the chief of the Forest Service, Dr. Jack Ward Thomas. I was also working for the Forest Service in multiple roles all around the country based out of Lander, Wyoming. And my mom came down with pancreatic cancer and my dad was living with us in a home in Lander, Wyoming. And I remember coming home one day and I said, I don’t care if you walk dogs or volunteer or you get a job, but you can’t just stay in this basement apartment. You have to do something. And he would get a real estate license and a mortgage broker license. And he didn’t cost a lot of money to support him at that time because he was living in a basement apartment of our house. And so, essentially what we did is we were used to being poor graduate students. And so, instead of taking all the excess money of having two salaries and a grad’s stipend, we would buy a house. You could buy a house in Lander, Wyoming, for six to eight thousand dollars from down payment, 120,000 dollars house from 2000-2005.

Eve: [00:18:17] Wow.

Stephanie: [00:18:18] And the reason I’m saying this is my mom passed in 2003 and I wasn’t emotionally ready to sell the house. My sister was. So, I bought the house from my sister. And I think most of us, our road to becoming an investor in a meaningful way, is that second house. The first house is, I made it. I’m an adult. I’m building wealth. But that’s a, it’s a very different experience to get your second house. And I don’t know that I would have offensively purchased my second house. It kind of came to me because my mom passed. But once that second one happened, I talked to several people who’ve had this experience, you’re like, wait a minute, I can do this. I can own an asset and make money. And so, we bought a third house and then, on the fourth or fifth house, my dad came home and he said, Stephers, he’s like, there’s these families coming into our mortgage business. A lot of them have bad credit, but there are some that have bad credit that actually used to have good credit. They just had a medical situation and they didn’t have the right medical insurance. And now they’re in this bankruptcy called a medical bankruptcy. So they’re not allowed to buy a house or car, even though they are people who paid their bills. And so we ended up doing a lease option with these families and we had a family meeting and agreed that we wanted a 10 percent return. And so we would set aside 10 percent of their rent as a partial equity. And if the house appreciated above 10 percent return during their medical bankruptcy, essentially get the upside of that. And the houses during that time period appreciated fifteen to twenty five percent. So we got the joy of philanthropy, a job for my dad, an amazing tenant, a solid 10 percent return, and they got dignity. Got to move into their home three to five years early and get partial equity upside. And so I think that all of us are on this quest of connection and meaning. And when you realize, like I did then at twenty four, twenty five years of age, that you can do well by doing good. I don’t think most of us can go back from that.

Eve: [00:20:27] I think you’re a rock star. You probably made some friends for life as well in that process, right.

Stephanie: [00:20:34] Absolutely. That was about three hundred transactions ago and I’m I have lots of friends along the way. Three to four hundred. I’ve lost count. I kind of stopped keeping count after two hundred. As as my colleague Todd James says, 60 percent of what we do has been visible and behind the scenes. So there’s a lot of lovely, incredible, awesome people out there that don’t even know that we were helping push and pull to make their dreams happen. And, you know, it’s it’s it’s an incredible role to play in people’s lives.

Eve: [00:21:03] You really did shift from fish and wildlife to real estate, and then you dragged me into it recently, which I’m really enjoying. But we’re working together on one of your many projects, which you didn’t mention before when you talked about the five ways to educate people. You’re also creating impact investing clubs, which are really fascinating, they’re themed clubs where potential impact investors gather and you’re educating them with a particular focus. And we’re on the journey of building a real estate impact investing club.

Stephanie: [00:21:38] We are, Eve. I didn’t mention this at the beginning. So Impact Finance Center does two things. We identify, educate and activate individuals and organizations to become impact investors and we also build what we call community infrastructure, which can be replicated, scaled and customized. And in that bucket of community infrastructure, you just mentioned investor clubs, which is one piece of it. We also stood up the first statewide marketplace for impact investing, which is the second time I met you when you came out to Impact Days.

Eve: [00:22:11] That’s right. Yeah.

Stephanie: [00:22:11] Our Impact Days, and that’s, you can think of it is, imagine everybody who needed money in the state, doing good, shows up and they create a farmer’s market booth and we activate new investors and organize existing investors and we bring the investors to go shopping in the farmer’s market. We call that Impactings. A Bodega is a subset of that marketplace. And that’s what we’re branding as our Investor Clubs. And then we also have two hundred classes, which we refer to as our Impact Investing Institute. And one of the most exciting pieces of infrastructure that we created was, are you familiar with The Who’s Who Under 40 that business journals do?

Eve: [00:22:49] Yes, yep.

Stephanie: [00:22:50] Yeah. We reached out to our business journal and we said we’re going to do Who’s Who in impact investing for the Rocky Mountain region. Do you want to be our media partner? And that was exciting because the first year we did it, we had 300 people apply.

Eve: [00:23:03] Oh, wow, that’s great.

Stephanie: [00:23:05] The second year that we had 1,300, and so that builds the book. And then the last piece, which is really the key, is our impact investing, giving circle or investor accelerator, and that’s in partnership with civil society organizations like Community Foundations. So, right now we have 34 women that could be middle-income or high-net worth, or connected to a company or family office or foundation, who are major league when it comes to intelligence, and major league when it comes to alignment, and major league when it comes to admission, and major league when it comes to access to money. But they’ve never actually written a check to support a sutainable real estate project, or a small business, or a startup. And so in this case, we make it low cost, easy and fun. We say, let’s participate in a giving circle, donate two thousand dollars in and we end up getting a kitty of seventy five thousand to one hundred and fifty thousand and we say, who needs money? And this year we had a 111 women apply, 112 women apply, for over 50 million dollars of need. And then we go through a selection process and they do due diligence, and they invest in a couple investments for their first investments. Because it’s a pooled donor-advised fund that the Women’s Foundation of Colorado, they don’t get the money back, it’s essentially a learned by doing fund experience where hopefully they walk in is that as a donor, they walk out as an investor and then they say, I want to join the investor club. So, yes, Eve, the investor clubs are…

Eve: [00:24:38] This is especially important, this educational piece, because because women don’t invest. And I can tell you that with certainty on Small Change, women, just a tiny minority of investors. It really kind of puzzles me.

Stephanie: [00:24:53] You know, it’s interesting because I am counting on my fingers right now and hopefully going to my toes. I have several women who will be investing in Lyneir’s project who have been spreading the good news on Lyneir and some of the other great offerings you have on Small Change right now. And I’ll be completely honest with you, we we started the Investor Club as a response to Colorado’s CDFIs, Community Financial Development Institutions and nonprofit lenders, who basically said Steph, that’s been great. The three year pilot, we had a goal to move one hundred million. We’re up to three hundred million. Success. But we need to still keep helping raise capital for the CDFI’s and non-profit lenders. And so the first Investor Club was a Main Street Lender Club. The second one was our Indigenous Investor Club. And then the third one was with the federal government’s Sustainable Forestry Mass Timber CLT Investor Club that connects with real estate. And now we’re starting clubs in California and Massachusetts and with the New York CDFIs.   But I have to say Eve Picker, the most popular one, has been the Real Estate Investor Club.

Eve: [00:26:02] This was unexpected, wasn’t it? We have to keep up.

Stephanie: [00:26:06] Yeah, I was only mildly surprised. I saw there’s a quest to need. Nobody gets paid to do the work we’re doing. I think that’s the difficult part.  If Wall Street had figured out how to get paid to educate investors we would have money flowing like hotcakes to Main Street investments.

Eve: [00:26:23] And, you know, it’s been pretty stunning because some on our club meeting announcements for mid-March, there’s something like 1,800 people signed up on LinkedIn and I have no idea where they’re coming from. It’s pretty big. It’s pretty astounding, so we better put on a really good show, right.

Stephanie: [00:26:43] Yeah, it’s well it’s easy to do. I mean, people who are either investing or working in community real estate, creating real estate, affordable housing, mass timber CLT, all of the all the good stuff. Is there some of the most inspiring people you’ve ever met.

Eve: [00:26:58] Yes, I agree.

Stephanie: [00:26:58] So so it’s pretty much you just have to set the stage and let them shine.

Eve: [00:27:04] Let me ask you, so what happens to the club meeting and how it happened? What’s your formula?

Stephanie: [00:27:10] Yeah. And and for those of you who are familiar and who’ve gone to like a pitch competition or an expo, that’s what I think about it. I think it is essentially a virtual farmer’s market. And our goal is investor education specifically and also some social venture education. But what we want to do is we do an investor panel and we want to showcase different types of investors so people can see themselves in the crowd and go, wait, they’re just like me. I could do that, too. And so really, that’s about getting diverse, interesting investors up there so we can make it seem more accessible to people sitting in the crowd that they can go from not identifying as an investor to becoming an investor. And then the same is true for the social ventures like community real estate projects. It’s a way to educate people about what’s possible. Most people I mean, Eve, you know better than anybody, but if you and I walked out of our front door right now and and just talk to the next hundred people that walked by and said, are you an investor? All of them are investors, but most of them would probably we’d probably get five to ten of them who would say that they identify as an investor?

Eve: [00:28:24] Yeah, maybe less, actually.

Stephanie: [00:28:27] Maybe less. And that is the challenge. Like I remember when Mitt Romney was running for president, the Mormon Church put up signs, they had a campaign and put up billboards and they put up everyday faces and they called I’m a Mormon campaign. And I feel like we need to put up do a similar campaign, that I’m an Investor campaign.

Eve: [00:28:46] Yeah, that’s right. I think that’s a great idea because an investor could be someone who invests ten bucks in their friend’s startup or an investor can be someone who invests a million dollars into something big.

Stephanie: [00:28:59] I would even argue a mom who goes to the grocery store and decides which milk she’s going to buy for her child as an investor. She’s invested in the supply chain of…

Eve: [00:29:08] Oh, yeah.

Stephanie: [00:29:09] Are you buying organic or not organic or how are the companies trading?

Eve: [00:29:13] Or if they decide to go purchase at a farmer’s market instead of the grocery store.

Stephanie: [00:29:18] Every time a dollar changes hands, you’re an investor.

Eve: [00:29:24] Yes. I think you have a broader description of investor than I think of. But you’re right. So the club meetings are like a mixture of panels with investors, large and small, talking about their experiences and what it means to them and social ventures. And then a little pitch round right. Of deals that are looking for money.

Stephanie: [00:29:43] Yeah. So we we essentially, because we’re in Covid, we can’t do this in person. And so I think that’s to the benefit of this, Eve.

Eve: [00:29:50] I agree.

Stephanie: [00:29:52] And because in Colorado, when you came out to Colorado, Impact Days, we physically have a farmer’s market, you know, where…

Eve: [00:29:59] I don’t want to travel that much. I kind of like this Zoom thing.

Stephanie: [00:30:02] Absolutely. So we’re essentially putting the farmer’s market online. And so we created an investor catalog. And it’s really the social venture panel is to give five to 12 minutes casually for people to learn about a couple of the investment opportunities. And then we do a speed round of two minutes. And it’s shocking to me sometimes that people actually shine better in the two minutes than they do when they’re given seven to ten minutes.

Eve: [00:30:29] Yeah, it’s pretty fun. And people get an opportunity to ask questions, too. I think it’s exciting for me. I mean, what’s your ultimate goal with these clubs? What would be a fantastic outcome in five years for you?

Stephanie: [00:30:41] I’ll put my geeky academic entrepreneur hat on for a second. We actually wrote a paper called Laying the Groundwork for the National Impact Investing Marketplace. So we published in the Foundation Review. And we’re pretty confident now that if you take our infrastructure and combine it with some other infrastructure, such as Lenny Lavis up in Seattle, he has realized impact investor flow, a Fleg regenerative accelerator. If you take some of our joint infrastructure together, we can actually completely fix the capital markets and move a trillion dollars into impact. I can do it two ways. I can go fundraise 20 million dollars and take what we did in Colorado and expand it to all 50 states. Or we can earn money from some of our social ventures, such as our Impact Investing Institute, and use it to self-fund our expansion to all 50 states. So what’s exciting about the Investor Clubs is most of our Investor Clubs are actually being purchased or supported by foundations who want to do economic development and Covid recovery. Federal government, USDA, Forest Service. And we’ve had interest in state governments, too. So I think if I was in state government or foundation interested or family office interest in Covid recovery or a corporation, I would be basically investing in as many Impact Investing Giving Circles and Investor Clubs as I could afford to support. I think that getting one percent of our wealth to invest in Main Street as an example in Colorado, that would be five billion dollars that could be leveraged through CDFI’s and banks for a 15 billion to 50 billion dollar year investment. It wouldn’t take much, just one percent of the wealth.

Eve: [00:32:27] Um-hmm. Fantastic. I’m going to change gears again. Just ask a few more questions to wrap up and they’re about you. And what do you love doing the most and why?

Stephanie: [00:32:39] I love most partner dancing. Ballroom dancing is my favorite joy in the whole world. Which I feel like it’s going to be the last activity that comes back to us after Covid. So I’m sort of isolated. I’m single in Denver, Colorado, and I Waltz and Cha-Cha and Two-step and learning the Latin dances and I Swing and I just can’t wait to get back to partner dancing.

Eve: [00:33:04] So I have to ask, have you watched my very favorite Australian movie called Strictly Ballroom?

Stephanie: [00:33:09] I have seen Strictly Ballroom. Yes.

Eve: [00:33:13] So, the Star of Strictly Ballroom used to live next to me in Sydney.

Stephanie: [00:33:17] Well, I can’t wait to be traveling with you to Sydney.

Eve: [00:33:20] I don’t think he lives there any more.

Stephanie: [00:33:24] We can go have lunch.

Eve: [00:33:24] And what are you excited about the most?

Stephanie: [00:33:27] I am excited, two things. Is, as I used to feel like that from 2012-20, I felt like I know there’s an answer and we just have to develop the answer. And now I feel like the answers there. All the puzzle pieces are on the table. Now, we just have to put the puzzle pieces together. And so I’m excited about all of the amazing impact investors and all the amazing social ventures out there. There is so much goodness and love and light and inspiring people who are showing up in the impossible ways to make the world a better place. And so I’m very fortunate in that I get to hear from people with resources and people needing resources, doing amazing things and have the the joy of being able to connect them together. And our phone has just been ringing off the hook. Especially a lot of middle aged white women, just between the combination of the global pandemic and our civil rights crisis have just called. And many of them have got a text once that says, what can I do to help my sisters of color immediately? And she made an investment quickly. I had another woman call. We do a fellowship of ten sessions. And on her first session, she’s like, I’m ready to make a first hundred thousand dollar investment today. I’m like, OK, there we go. And so, yeah. So it’s just great to see how many people are showing up and going, now’s the time. I can’t wait any longer.

Eve: [00:34:59] It’s been really wonderful talking to you and I really can’t wait to see what becomes of the Impact Finance Center and our club and what’s next for you.

Stephanie: [00:35:09] Oh, well, and likewise, Eve. I just want to give a gratitude and compliment to you, because I don’t know that we’ve discussed this, but when this movement was getting off the ground, I was very aware there’s a role to activate new investors, educate and organize existing investors and build the financial fintech solution. And I chose to be on the education of investor side, and I couldn’t be more happy to be collaborating with you. You’re just somebody who is a visionary and a joy and has incredible integrity. And I think,

Eve: [00:35:44] I’m blushing now.

Stephanie: [00:35:45] Oh, I think that what you do and what I do are two pieces…

Eve: [00:35:51] Perfect match.

Stephanie: [00:35:51] Of a puzzle that literally will democratize and provide that pathway to solve the problems that I had as a 15 year old, 16 year old watching.

Eve: [00:36:01] You know, you’re right. I mean, I think investor education is the most difficult part of what I do, and I can’t do that and investor education. So I’m extremely grateful to have you around.

Stephanie: [00:36:14] Well, let’s go find what should our goal be in the next five years.

Eve: [00:36:18] We should build humongous impact investor club and just showcase thousands of projects. And, you know, I’d have to quantify that goal clearly.

Stephanie: [00:36:30] Well, I’m going put a goal out for us. It’s February 18, 2021. How about a year from now, our goal will be able to have a list of twenty thousand investors that are actively investing in and community real estate.

Eve: [00:36:43] I think that’s a fantastic goal. I’m happy to add to it.

Stephanie: [00:36:48] Fantastic. It’s a true honor and joy to be in partnership with you.

Eve: [00:36:51] Thank you.

Stephanie: [00:36:52] Thank you.

Eve: [00:37:04] That was Dr. Stephanie Gripne. Stephanie believes that impact investing is all about educating people – trustworthy, non-conflicted investor education. The Impact Financial Center is quickly becoming the go-to place for just this type of education and for every level of investor, from foundations to individuals who have never invested before. You’ll be hearing more about the Impact Finance Center, I’m sure. Please share this podcast so that more people learn about Stephanie and the Impact Finance Center. You can find out more about this episode on the show notes page at EvePicker.com, or you can find other episodes you might have missed. Or you can show your support at Patreon.com /RethinkRealEstate, where you can learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon, but for now, this is Eve Picker, signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Dr. Stephanie Gripne/IFC and CO Impact Days

Totally backwards.

February 24, 2021

Michael H. Shuman – economist, attorney, author, entrepreneur and a go-to person on local and community economics. Local, local, local. In everything he does Michael is focused on the little guy (or girl). And he firmly believes that a robust economy would not be so robust without all of those little main street businesses and startups. 

Over the past 30 years, Michael has given, on average, more than one invited talk per week in nearly every state and in more than a dozen countries. He says, “I love public speaking, because it gives me an opportunity to explain difficult, arcane topics in simple, hopefully entertaining terms to people who care about their communities.” Michael has also been credited with being one of the architects of the 2012 JOBS Act and hence is one of the fathers of investment crowdfunding. Without him we wouldn’t have our crowdfunding platform, Small Change. 

In addition to all his other outreach, Michael is the author, co-author, and editor of a number of books. His most recent is, Put Your Money Where Your Life Is: How to Invest Locally Using Solo 401ks and Self-Directed IRAs.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Locally-owned businesses comprise 60 to 80 percent of the private marketplace in the average U.S. community. But economic developers and subsidies almost always overlook them.
  • At the state and local level, it’s estimated that 100 billion dollars per year is spent on attracting big corporations. And this is a tiny fraction of what actually constitutes a community’s local economy. And that’s totally backwards.
  • Communities with a higher density of locally-owned business have higher per capita job growth rate. They have less poverty. They have more civic engagement, higher voting participation, higher rates of volunteership.
  • In four years of investment crowdfunding, 700,000 people have invested almost half a billion dollars into several thousand companies and projects – overwhelmingly, disproportionately companies led by women and people of color.

Information and Links

  • Michael’s local investment handbook.
  • A piece Michael wrote on crowdfunding for Nonprofit Quarterly.
  • And a piece he wrote on decentralization for the Next System Project.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:09] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing. Today, I’m talking with Michael Shuman, an economist, attorney, author, entrepreneur and a go-to person on local and community economics. Michael has been credited with being one of the architects of the 2012 Jobs Act. He’s one of the fathers of investment crowdfunding. Without him, I wouldn’t have my crowdfunding platform, Small Change. Michael’s given an average of more than one invited talk per week, mostly to local governments and universities for the past 30 years, in nearly every U.S. state and more than a dozen countries. He says, “I love public speaking because it gives me an opportunity to explain difficult, arcane topics in simple, hopefully entertaining terms to people who care about their communities.”  Not being busy enough, Michael has also authored, co-authored and edited quite a few books, most recently ‘Put Your Money Where Your Life Is: How to Invest Locally Using Solo 401ks and Self-Directed IRAs.’ I’m going to learn a lot from Michael and so might you, so listen in. Be sure to go to EvePicker.com, to find out more on the show notes page for this episode. And be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve Picker: [00:01:58] Hello, Michael, I’m really delighted to have you on my show today.

Michael Shuman: [00:02:02] Great to be here.

Eve: [00:02:04] Put your money where your life is. That’s the title of your latest book. And it seemed like a really obvious statement. Why do you need to write a book about this?

Michael: [00:02:15] Well, maybe I’m just book-o-philic, that I tend to write a lot of books and that’s the way I express myself. But I did feel like there were two bodies of knowledge I was trying to bring together. One was a whole emerging body of knowledge around why local businesses and local economies are so important. And the other is this body of knowledge about how to use these somewhat obscure tax tools, the self-directed IRA and the solo 401k, For local investing. And so, bringing these two things together in a readable form, that was really the objective and I couldn’t see a way of doing that just as a pamphlet.

Eve: [00:03:05] But I suppose more than that, like why local? Who are you trying to reach with this book and why? Why do you think it’s important?

Michael: [00:03:12] Well, I would say for about 30 years, I have been on a campaign to remake economic development, and the reason is, is that I think there is a very impressive body of evidence that locally owned businesses are the key to community prosperity. They comprise 60 to 80 percent of the private marketplace in the average American community. They are highly profitable. They are highly competitive. They have done great despite the ways in which economic developers and subsidies have overlooked them. And yet, when it comes to economic development, when you talk with an economic developer for any length of time, they will tell you that their mission is to attract and retain business. And when you unpack that term, attract and retain, it’s really all about global companies. So a tiny fraction of what constitutes a community’s economy is what in fact is driving economic development. And it’s totally backwards. So, what I’ve been arguing is that we have to figure out ways of nurturing and strengthening and getting capital into local business. And if we do that and, we can really enhance jobs, income, wealth and tax receipts.

Eve: [00:04:49] We’ve got that backwards. Do we have it backwards at the local level, at the state level? What about the federal level?

Michael: [00:04:55] Every level conceivable has it backwards. At the state and local level, it’s estimated that something near 100 billion dollars per year is spent on attraction, corporate attraction. At the federal level, it’s not really corporate attraction, but what you see is all of these subsidies, which are largely going to larger businesses, big Ag, big cattle, big water, big coal, big oil and gas. I mean, you name it. And small businesses in the end are getting the crumbs. So, yeah, I think this is a systematic problem and requires some systematic solutions.

Eve: [00:05:43] How did you get interested in this?

Michael: [00:05:46] I became interested in this in a circuitous way, so I was graduated from law school in 1982 and really detested the idea of becoming a lawyer. So, I started a nonprofit in the field of peace and justice. It was called the Center for Innovative Diplomacy. And one of the things that we did in the ten or so years that this organization lasted, is we organized several thousand mayors and city council members across the United States to get involved in what we called municipal foreign policy. So, the involvement of cities and say in nuclear free zones or anti-apartheid campaigns or human rights initiatives. And I got very excited about this way of influencing international policy. But I started to think about how to get involved in economic development through these tools. And I had a partnership with an organization based in Europe that was then called Towns and Development. And you can think of Towns and Development as sort of sister cities with attitude. So, they had thousands of links between northern and southern cities built around economic development, and Towns and Development asked me to write a critique, a sort of retrospective of what at that point was more than a decade of work. And at the end of that critique, I said, you guys are doing marvelous work. You have great principles for economic development. The problem is, is that your practice of economic development has no relationship to the principles. That is, if the northern city sends a big company to the southern partner, you celebrate that as a big success. But in fact, success needed to be measured in greater self-reliance. And it was that moment that I realized I needed to pivot and start working on a whole different field. So, I wrote a book in the mid 90’s called ‘Going Local,’ and I thought it would be a one-off book. I would, you know, write it, be done. But it opened so many interesting doors that that’s really what I’ve been doing ever since.

Eve: [00:08:19] What would be good outcomes if we move towards more localized economies?

Michael: [00:08:26] If you look at the evidence out there of lots of different studies, we know that communities with a higher density of locally-owned business have higher per capita job growth rate. They have less poverty. They have more civic engagement, higher voting participation, higher rates of volunteership. We know from an EPA study that locally-owned smokestack businesses pollute about one tenth as much as their absentee-owned counterparts. We know that locally-owned businesses are the dynamism of what promotes entrepreneurship and what promotes people really being committed and excited about a stable city. So, I feel like the list is very long and compelling. And so, I really feel like if we had a world of more localized economies, we would be wealthier, we would be more equitable and we would be less likely to go to war with one another.

Eve: [00:09:37] I have to ask. Is there a gold standard city or community out there that you would point to for localized economies?

Michael: [00:09:45] I have become familiar through studies that I do with many local governments. I’ve become familiar with several hundred local governments. And honestly, there’s none that I would give better than a B or B minus to.

Eve: [00:10:03] Oh, OK.

Michael: [00:10:05] And I think part of the problem is the pernicious impact of these outdated ideas about economic development. And so what a typical city you look at, say, a Portland or a Seattle, which nominally seems like a very green kind of city. And they have all of these departments working on recycling and storm water management and energy efficiency. And by those criteria, these cities are looking really good. And then they have economic development departments that are filled with dinosaurs that all they want to do is spend vast amounts of public money to attract global companies.

Eve: [00:10:52] Yeah.

Michael: [00:10:53] And they systematically ignore their local businesses.

Eve: [00:10:56] Yeah, I live in a place like that.

Michael: [00:10:58] Pittsburgh. Yes. And, you know, in Pittsburgh has despite that, I think, become a more self reliant community. I mean, they turned, but …

Eve: [00:11:11] But you know, Michael, I think that’s because, isn’t Pittsburgh, the birthplace of community development corporations?

Michael: [00:11:18] Yes.

Eve: [00:11:20] Community development activity is very, very big here. And that’s almost like their own little localized economy. So, that may be part of the difference. Does that make sense?

Michael: [00:11:31] I think it does. And I think the other thing, I mean, I’m not intimately familiar with Pittsburgh, but one of the things as a visitor that I have noted about it is that it’s really a city of amazing neighborhoods.

Eve: [00:11:46] Yes, it is. Yep.

Michael: [00:11:47] And the definition of those neighborhoods.

Eve: [00:11:50] Physically quite distinct.

Michael: [00:11:52] Yes. I think that makes a difference, too, because people then self organize around that sense of neighborhood well-being.

Eve: [00:12:01] I think that’s right. It’s one of the things I’ve always thought about, like in when I go visit San Francisco, which is a beautiful city, one neighborhood bleeds into the other. And I’ve come to really love the very distinct neighborhood personalities here and the character, the buildings, and it’s really interesting. Yeah.

Michael: [00:12:20] I lived in San Francisco for about 10 years and I used to say to people, it’s a terrible place to visit because the only way you can enjoy San Francisco is by slowly taking it in, walking the streets, going from neighborhood to neighborhood. And there’s no way you can do justice to that as a tourist going to Alcatraz.

Eve: [00:12:47] Right. Yeah, well, that’s how I prefer to visit cities anyway. Would there be any bad outcomes if we move towards localized economies? Like what would we be missing?

Michael: [00:12:57] So, there are different conceptions of localization.  And I believe that critics of localization have in their head what I would call a theory of ‘dumb localization.’ And what it is, is it, looks at, say, what Brazil did in the 1960s with the idea that, oh, we need to build up our internal economy, we’ll put up trade barriers, we’ll put up technology transfer limits, we’ll punish people for coming into the country with long visa processes. And by that process, we will build up more internal self-reliance. That’s the way globalization fanatics think about localization. And if we do that, we will become poorer, and countries will become backward, and we will miss out. So, I really think that localization has to be defined in more market terms, that localization means consumers freely finding great local deals and goods and services and freely choosing those. It means businesses expanding to meet local needs. It means governments getting rid of subsidies that are currently favoring global businesses.

Eve: [00:14:27] So, if you were the mayor of a city that was a D on your scale, what would you do to make it an A, an A local economy?

Michael: [00:14:38] The first thing I would do is I would announce that we were not giving a penny of subsidy to any business, so that automatically would save me a good deal of money that I could spend on other things. I would create a procurement system that really looked objectively at the impacts of local business when they were potential bidders versus non-local business. And I would realize that the local businesses pay more in taxes and therefore they deserve a boost in the procurement process that objectively reflects that. I would change my city’s investment policies so that rather than putting money out in the global economy, I would, like the cities of Tucson or Phoenix, put my money in local banks so it could be re-lent to support various economic development projects. I would think about how to use municipal bonds and municipal powers of creating investment funds in order to foster various kinds of economic development projects like affordable housing or local food projects. So, there’s a long list of things that cities could do that really is hard to find any city that’s doing that right now.

Eve: [00:16:03] I mean, honestly, one of my pet peeves is most cities look outside their borders for the best consultants, whereas they often have a lot of talent inside. And that’s also one way to increase the economy of a city. And it’s a very weird dynamic, but I think you’re probably right. There are tons of things you could do.

Michael: [00:16:23] I’ve experienced that here. I live in Montgomery County, Maryland, and I can’t tell you the number of times I have bid on Montgomery County contracts. And they go for some …

Eve: [00:16:35] Oh, yeah, I can imagine.

Michael: [00:16:37] … competitive person a hundred miles away, and they lose out on the tax benefits.

Eve: [00:16:42] Yeah, I may as well be invisible in Pittsburgh, I think.

Michael: [00:16:45] Well, you’re not invisible to me and to the rest of the country, so that’s the good news.

Eve: [00:16:49] That’s the problem, right?  That we want to shift to local. So, OK. And how do you think the pandemic, I have to talk about this, might impact this trajectory? Because I have a feeling in some ways it might actually help.

Michael: [00:17:05] I think it has helped. And what I’ve noticed is that most of the cities that I’m working with have at least put the word resilience into their vocabulary and are thinking about how they can make their communities more resilient. What they haven’t realized yet is that resilience is the opposite of what David Ricardo advocated in ‘comparative advantage,’ and which is, it’s a subtlety, but at some point they’re going to realize, oh, yeah, resilience means more diversity of business. It means greater self-reliance. It means greater localization. It means what we’re doing in economic development is a little bit outdated. So, that’s going to take some time to work its way through the system. But ultimately, it will be a very good thing because we’ll be resilient not just against the next pandemic, but will be resilient on the next capital flight and the next climate catastrophe and so forth.

Eve: [00:18:11] Yeah, one of the things that’s been fascinating me about the pandemic, which I think feeds into this, is there’s definitely people moving out of cities. Not that I believe the cities will die. There’s always going to be room in Tokyo and Paris, okay, but there’s definitely a shift back to smaller places. And that means that there’ll be money in those places. And often there are main streets which are very underutilized. And I’m hopeful that those small local economies will be revitalized. That would be a good outcome in amongst this misery, right?

Michael: [00:18:44] Absolutely. I was in North Carolina. I shouldn’t have traveled there in the pandemic, but…

Eve: [00:18:51] No, that’s for sure.

Michael: [00:18:53] … I made the decision to go there when one of the curves was on the down slope. But it was a was a discussion with economic developers in the Charlotte area about how to heal the urban-rural divide. So, I did a lot of reading and thinking about this. And I actually agree with you that, I mean, if you look at the literature out there, there is an assumption that rural is dead and people are moving to the cities. And to some extent that has been true. But I think what you’re observing is really happening. That there is a turning point that has happened in rural America that a lot of people don’t appreciate. That Internet connectivity has come to much of rural America, not all of it, but much of it, that people of color, particularly immigrants are beginning to move there because it’s a cheaper place to live. And that’s diversifying rural America. We’re also seeing a lot of retirees going there and they bring Social Security and their pension savings, and that money drives the economy in different ways. So, yeah, and if you add resilience to the mix, you really see why for, not all Americans, and you’re right, you know, the great cities are still going to be great cities. But for some Americans, some fraction of millions of Americans, they will move into rural America.

Eve: [00:20:25] Yeah, we still have financing issues for investing in rural America. We have an offering on our platform right now that could not find a loan, and were told over and over again by banks that we don’t lend in rural areas. And so I think, you know, the whole financing system behind everything is also part of this story. Right?

Michael: [00:20:47] It’s another form of redlining, isn’t it?

Michael: [00:20:50] Yeah, it is. OK, well, I want to move on to regulation crowdfunding, which is the love of my life. And I know that you’ve been involved in it since day one, before I was. And I’d love you to tell us about that journey.

Michael: [00:21:04] Yeah. So. As I said earlier, one of the things that I have found fascinating in the whole discourse about local economy is that every answer to a question opens up new questions. And as I, in the 1990s and early 2000s was sort of thinking about how do we change economic development policy, I started to pay attention to the capital system and started to see how difficult it was for a small business to raise grassroots capital. And my very specific experience with this is, for about two years, and I think this was maybe 2001 to 2003, I tried to start a chicken company in the Eastern Shore of Maryland and it was going to be called Bay Friendly Chicken. It was to offer a greener alternative to what the bionic chicken that Tyson and Perdue were offering. And I started to think about ways of raising money. And I’d have meetings with securities attorneys and learn just how extraordinarily difficult …

Eve: [00:22:32] Ridiculous.

Michael: [00:22:32] And expensive it was to even get a penny of money from a grassroots investor.

Eve: [00:22:38] Yeh.

Michael: [00:22:38] And I started to think about what the rationale of this was. And they would say, well, you know, we don’t want grandma to be buying swampland in Florida. It’s always grandma. It’s always Florida. It’s always swampland. And look, I have a mother who is 97, 98 now. I don’t want her buying swampland in Florida. But what does my mother do with her money? My mother goes to the local casino. She lives in St. Louis. And when she goes to the casino, do they say to her, Mrs. Shuman, excuse me, but are you an accredited gambler? No. I mean, and she is not an accredited gambler. She is, you know, she is one of tens of millions of Americans who enter into thousands of casinos and they can lose everything independent of their income.

Eve: [00:23:40] Yes.

Michael: [00:23:41] And yet we never regulate that. And so that contradiction was like a chicken bone in my throat. And 2008 crisis came and I said, you know, I’m going to start writing about this. So, I wrote a piece for the Federal Reserve. They have a community journal.

Eve: [00:24:00] Okay.

Michael: [00:24:01] And basically made the suggestion that there should be a 100 dollar exemption in securities law, that any human being should be able to put 100 hundred dollars into a business with absolutely no legal work whatsoever. Lawyer Free Zone. And some friends of mine kind of got wind of this. They wrote a rule-making petition to the SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission, and hundreds of people wrote letters in support. So, that was sort of the beginning of a lot of conversations and there were other people who were simultaneously doing similar conversations. And then, I remember there was a hearing on Capitol Hill about a proposed crowdfunding bill introduced by Patrick McHenry, conservative of North Carolina. And I remember the head of the SEC was being grilled by Tea Party Republicans. And I was sitting in the room watching this. And they asked her, they said, you know, you’ve got a proposal in front of you for a one hundred dollar exemption. What have you done with it? And at this point, unemployment in the country was running at about 10 percent because of the Great Recession. And she responded with such condescension and contempt and said, look, we get these kinds of proposals all the time. And, yeah, you know, we’ll get around to them …

[00:25:47] Oooh.

[00:25:47] … and the Congresspeople left and right, were, like, outraged. We have unprecedented unemployment. We know that local businesses can help fix this. And yet you in the SEC are systematically ignoring the simplest of reforms. That committee voted unanimously in favor of McHenry’s proposal and the House supermajority passed it. Now, where McHenry went with crowdfunding was not where I suggested. He actually originally suggested a ten thousand dollar exemption for people. And then it got whittled back to two thousand dollars. And all of these additional regulatory things got put on it. So, it was half a loaf, but it was something. And I think crowdfunding has been a qualified success. The bill was passed in 2012. It took four unnecessary years of haggling for the SEC and FINRA to put forward rules for implementation. But in the four years since, the data show 700,000 people putting in almost half a billion dollars into several thousand companies and projects, and that the beneficiaries have been overwhelmingly, disproportionately companies led by women and people of color. I think it’s doing some good things out there.

Eve: [00:27:26] Yeah, no, I agree. Well, this is what we use on our platform. And I think it also helps for us, those real estate developers who are doing really innovative and necessary projects, sometimes small, that most banks don’t want to deal with. And so, that also propels the economy forward. When you have someone thinking about how to deal with the affordable housing crisis and they can’t get a loan for their project idea, that’s a problem. So, there’s lots of ways that this has helped. It’s a fantastic rule, but it’s got a long way to go. What’s the silliest thing, do you think about this rule? I can probably give you a lot of those, but I’d like to know what you think.

Michael: [00:28:12] What’s the silliest thing about the rule? Well, the silliest thing is something they just fixed. And it wasn’t so much that it was implicit in this rule. It was a long standing piece of securities law. But they finally, in their discretion, got rid of it. And that was prohibiting businesses and grassroots investors, from having conversations before the formality of the issue was done. And this idea in securities law that communication will somehow pollute the marketplace has got it fundamentally backwards. Communication is what lays the foundation for a marketplace. And when there is a conversation between a real estate project and a grassroots investor before there is any formal transaction, it should be a moment of celebration, not a moment of repression. And when the SEC finally, finally, finally put in some rule changes in the first week of November, which most people overlooked because there was an election happening.

Eve: [00:29:25] Oh, I didn’t overlook it.

Michael: [00:29:27] Of course, what election?

Eve: [00:29:33] But I’m you know, I’m on the federal register every day looking for the thing to be posted.

Michael: [00:29:38] Right. Right. We’re still waiting, aren’t we?

Eve: [00:29:40] Yes. So, for people listening, you know, the rules are not implemented until 60 days after they’re posted on the federal register. And so while there was a vote, it’s still not moving along. Right, Michael?

Michael: [00:29:53] Right. Right. I think $2,200 per person is too low a number. I think it should be higher. I do think it’s getting the number that a company or a project can raise, from a little over a million dollars to five million is a very big step forward.

Eve: [00:30:13] I should probably, like, take a break and just explain to listeners who don’t know about regulation crowdfunding that this is really the first step towards democratizing investment. It’s a rule that permits everyday people, everyone, not just accredited investors, to invest in businesses or real estate projects that developers bring to them, and business owners bring to them. And they do that by requiring platforms, called funding portals, to be registered with the SEC and to be members of FINRA, the Financial Regulatory Agency, to sort of manage this business of putting everyday investors together with businesses. And the rule really started out as having a cap of 1.07 million that businesses could raise every year, and permitting everyone to invest 2,200 a year, not per project, a year. If they want to invest more than that there is a calculation around income and net worth, and it even capped what accredited investors could invest in. Even Warren Buffett is not currently permitted to invest more than 107,000 a year.

Eve: [00:31:24] So, these upgrades raise the cap that you can raise through an offering to five million dollars. And while they do not raise that $2,200 cap, they do raise what unaccredited investors can invest by changing the way the net worth and income calculation is made, which is a good thing. And they also permit accredited investors to invest as much as they want. So, these are pretty big steps forward, right, Michael? And then the thing that you care a lot about is the ‘test the water’ piece, which I agree with you on.

Michael: [00:31:57] Yeah, that’s a very good explanation. And one other thing I would just add for your listeners is that sometimes there’s confusion about donation crowdfunding with investment crowdfunding. And donation crowdfunding on sites like Kickstarter, Indiegogo, that has been always permitted because donations are not securities, and securities are what are heavily regulated and that’s, those regulations are what we are talking about.

Eve: [00:32:27] Right. If you go to Small Change or you go to Wefunder or any of those sites and you invest, you really become an investor in the capital stack of that business or that development project. And there’s an offering made, an offering of what the business owner might return to you because you invest in their projects.

Michael: [00:32:49] Yeah, and I think it’s worth saying to your listeners why this is so revolutionary. And for the last 10 years, at least when I was able to talk to audiences in person, which you can’t do now, still, I would I would ask them three questions. And the first question was, by show of hands, how many of you have mindfully bought something locally, maybe at a farmers market over the last week and almost all the hands go up. People love their local businesses and they love the things in their economy. And then I ask, well, OK, how many of you have a show of hands do your banking at a locally-owned bank or credit union. Half the hands go down. And then I say, those of you with pension funds, how many of you put at least one percent of your pension funds in these local businesses that are 60 to 80 percent of your economy, and all the hands go down. And suddenly people realize, oh, my god, why is that? Why is all of my money going to the global minority of businesses in the economy rather than supporting the projects and the businesses that I love? And it’s all about securities law. So, what this law represents is the beginning of a transformation, so that we are putting our money into the things that matter in our life.

Eve: [00:34:24] Yes, so you know the way I think that the SEC and FINRA missed the mark with this rule is, the amount of due diligence the platforms have to do is really burdensome. And you have to remember that these platforms are startup businesses. They’re small businesses trying to support other small businesses. And a small business can’t afford a full-time compliance officer. And essentially, that’s really what you need to be able to run one of these platforms. So, I think you’re right. If someone is going to invest $2,000 dollars, do you really need to have all of the burden of, I mean, the rule, that if I told you everything we have to do, it’s nuts. We do it because we have to, but it is a lot. So, that’s my pet peeve.

Michael: [00:35:13] Yeah, I think it’s a very important one. And I worry that your platform and many of the other platforms are going to have challenges long-term because the regulatory burdens are so high and that limits your ability to just pay the basic bills and keep the lights on.

Eve: [00:35:36] Oh, yeah. I mean, insurance for our platform is over $40,000 a year.

Michael: [00:35:41] Wow.

Eve: [00:35:42] That in itself is huge. I mean, the compliance piece of it, figured that out in the first few years and we have, come to a simplified and efficient system. So, that’s less of a problem for us now. It was excruciating in the early years, but there are expenses that just never go away and it’s hard to catch up with those. Insurance is a really big one because the insurance industry doesn’t understand this. This is a nascent industry that’s emerging and they are going to charge top dollar until there’s thousands of platforms like this.

Michael: [00:36:20] It’s outrageous. But let me just say, I love your platform. I love its personality. I love the things that you are putting on there. I think it’s unique and it’s mission-driven. And I think over time you will enjoy success that many of your competitors do not because they are not mission-driven or they are not distinguishable from one another in the same way yours is. And yours is after mission-oriented real estate. And I think now that the ceiling has been raised from one million to five million, I think a lot more projects are going to be coming on to your site. And that augurs well for your future.

Eve: [00:37:05] Yeah, I hope so. I think the missing piece still, and I’m going to keep that in mind in my dark moments when things are difficult as only they can be in a small business, I think still investor education is the most difficult piece. And there’s a lot for people to learn who’ve never been able to invest like this before. No matter what, they invest in, it’s a leap. And that’s really, I think, probably the hardest part of this. But what would the ultimate end goal be for this ruling in your mind? What should it be?

Michael: [00:37:41] I think currently Americans have about 56 trillion dollars invested in stocks, bonds, mutual funds, pension funds and insurance funds. So, those are all the long-term securities. And right now, about 99 percent of them are in global companies. I would like to see, say, 80 percent of that money in the locally owned businesses and real estate projects that they belong in. And when that happens, I will think we have achieved real success.

Eve: [00:38:20] Wow, that would be amazing.

Michael: [00:38:22] And, you know, it works out per capita. You know, earlier I said that the range, depending on how you define local business, is 60 to 80 percent of the private economy is local. So let’s take 60 percent. So 60 percent of 56 trillion dollars, you know, works out to 30 plus trillion dollars and dividing that by the number of Americans out there, 330 million. It’s about $100,000 per capita. So, I encourage listeners to think about your community, say you live in a 10,000 person community, multiply that number by 100,000 per capita. And that’s what the benefits of local investment could be for your community. It is hard to imagine a more significant stimulus that you could bring to your economy than bringing local investment in.

Eve: [00:39:21] Yeah, you’re right. So, you are a very busy guy. You’re a prolific author, prolific speaker. I think I read somewhere that you speak once a week. Professor, consultant. What do you love doing the most and why?

Michael: [00:39:38] Well, more and more, I love teaching. I mean, I’ve always loved teaching. I taught as a way of paying my bills at law school at Stanford. I taught a writing class. And I still teach now, and I have the privilege for the last four years of teaching at Bard Business School, which is a sustainability-oriented program. And the school is expanding and my course load is expanding. And I’m really, I’m liking that a lot because I think young people now are so much smarter than …

Eve: [00:40:15] Than we were?

Michael: [00:40:16] … the people I remember. I don’t want, Eve, you were very smart person, so I don’t want to say “we.” I’m going to only take this route myself. But when I was, when I was younger, the way that you changed the world was, And this is, again, from the law school perspective, that I would take a job for about $5,000 a year working for Ralph Nader as a Nader’s Raider. And that was doing good. And then, as I understood that world better, I realized, oh, what that world is all about is spending all of your time begging for money from rich people or rich foundations. And that’s how they made ends meet. And I did that for about 20 years and I was pretty good at that, but today’s young people have a different view of the world. They see the way to change the world is through mission-oriented business, and that by having great businesses out there doing great things, they can change the planet faster. And I think they’re right. And so, I love my role as a teacher to support them in that work.

Eve: [00:41:32] And so, like, my final big question is, this is the wrap up question. What’s next for you?

Michael: [00:41:39] So, what’s next for me is I am going to try to start soon a very simple newsletter that lists all of the local investment-oriented blogs, and all the local investment-oriented sites, and all the local investment-oriented people to try to get some glue, to hold all these various pieces together. Because I feel like there’s a proliferation of organizations, a proliferation of sites. But the big picture is still not quite there. So, I see a kind of a swan song act as I get into my mid-60s, a swan song act of really being a networker and bringing of people together for this larger cause. So, that’s that’s my next act.

Eve: [00:42:38] Well, I can’t wait to see the list, and I really enjoyed the conversation.

Michael: [00:42:43] I did as well. Thanks so much, Eve.

Eve: [00:42:45] Thank you.

Eve: [00:42:56] That was Michael Shuman. In everything he does, Michael is focused on the little guy or girl. He firmly believes that our robust economy would not be so robust without all of those little Main Street businesses and startups. And so he follows through on that belief every day, in his support of investment crowdfunding, in the lectures he gives, in his teachings, in the books he writes and in his consulting engagements with local governments. You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access to the show notes for today’s episode at my website, EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Michael, for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Michael H,. Shuman

The Bridge.

February 17, 2021

Garry Gilliam may be best known for playing in the National Football League, first for the Seattle Seahawks, then the San Francisco 49ers, but today he has a second career as an impact real estate developer. Originally from Harrisburg, at age eight Garry was sent to the Milton Hersey School, a private philanthropic boarding school for orphans and low income children based in nearby Hershey, PA, where he excelled. That model of community is one part of the inspiration for The Bridge, a new real estate development company that is working to acquire old properties like schools, malls, and warehouses, in order to turn them into sustainable communities in the inner city. Each project will be planned as self-contained, mixed-use “Eco-Villages” with housing, commercial/retail space, co-working, urban agriculture, innovation/education center and entertainment. A place to “work, eat, live, learn and play.”

The Bridge came about as a joint effort with Garry’s friends, both from Penn State and the Hershey School, to give back to their hometown community. Their first project began when they leased the Bishop McDevitt Building in Harrisburg, in 2019, to create co-working, maker and event spaces, and this summer they finished their initial fundraising. The complete rehabilitation will include about 50 units of sustainable, zero-energy housing, commercial areas and indoor urban agriculture. The Bridge also hopes to acquire five to 30 acres in Harrisburg for sustainable Eco-Village campuses that can produce healthy fresh food, clean water and renewable energy.

After starting in Harrisburg, the partners then hope to expand to other cities, going into low-income neighborhoods and turning to other athletes and influencers of color to invest in and lead each project. So … watch this space!

Insights and Inspirations

  • Just watch Garry talk about The Bridge. Seriously.
  • Garry wants to invest $1.5B over the next 20 years into 20 different cities with The Bridge.
  • Harrisburg is ripe for impactful development with historical issues that many cities face, including redlining, neighborhoods that are food deserts, and general lack of resources for many school districts.
  • The goal with The Bridge is to find a model that works not just in his hometown, but everywhere.

Information and Links

  • Garry wants to highlight three amazing people: Milton Hershey, Nipsey Hussle and Charles Mully. You can read a little about each of them here.
  • And he gives a shoutout to a book by spiritual teacher David Deida, The Way of the Superior Man.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:05] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing.

Eve: [00:00:11] My guest today is Gary Gilliam. Gary is perhaps best known for his starring role in football. He entered the NFL in 2014 after signing with the Seattle Seahawks, a superstar climax to a very long journey, which we talk about in the podcast. But today’s focus, The Bridge, came about as a joint effort with friends to give back to their hometown, Harrisburg. There they will take an obsolete school building, the Bishop McDevitt Building and repurpose it for 21st century needs. It will become an eco-village with about 50 units of sustainable, zero energy, housing, commercial uses and indoor urban agriculture. Their broader goal is to acquire five to 30 acres for sustainable eco-village campuses that will produce healthy, fresh food, clean water and renewable energy. Gary doesn’t plan to stop there. Over the next 10 years, he hopes to invest one point five billion dollars (1.5) in 20 different cities. He’ll turn to other athletes and influences of color to invest in and lead each project.

Eve: [00:01:35] Be sure to go to Evepicker.com to find out more about Gary on the show notes page for this episode and be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve: [00:01:59] All right, Gary, thanks so much for joining me on this show.

Gary Gilliam: [00:02:08] Yeah, thanks for having me.

Eve: [00:02:09] So I’m very excited to talk to you. Someone shared your really wonderful video, What is The Bridge Eco-village, with me. And there’s really there’s so much passion and love in that video. I really just wanted to hear more about the project.

Gary: [00:02:26] Yeah. Yeah, definitely. That video specifically was featuring our pilot location in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. So, The Bridge Eco-village is a for-purpose real estate development company. The model that is also in that video is our B model in which we acquire old schools, malls, warehouses and convert them into eco-villages. And to us, an eco-village is essentially a mixed use development that has spaces for you to work, eat, live, learn and play. So that workspace, co-working spaces, maker-space, an area for entrepreneurs to come for incubation acceleration, what have you, that each branch is actually urban agriculture, the growing food with aeroponics and hydroponics, or growing food without soil, which allows us to grow food year round and also control the environment so we get bigger and higher yields and actually higher nutritional value as well. So that’s where we live is housing, affordable housing as well as luxury housing. It’s important for everybody to be together. That LERN Branch is actually our non-profit, which is Empower at the Bridge Foundation, which is a heavy focus into financial literacy, teaching people how to repair their credit. Also a heavy focus into job training, mostly like contractual work, so plumbing, electrician work, things like that, and then also sustainable business practices and research and development.

Gary: [00:03:51] Then within that play branch, the last branch is entertainment. So that’s providing a space for people to have zip lines and batting cages, electric go-carts, virtual reality areas. So providing entertainment spaces to the local community. So The Bridge Eco-village, essentially a community center or village aspect, mixed use development. The eco aspect actually comes from the way that we are building mostly through our ITW branch, but for the entire building itself. So solar panels not just looking to be net zero, but striving to be net positive in our energy. We have water collection which doubles with how efficient our water usage is within our farming aspect. We actually save ninety five percent more water than what traditional farmers do. And then within our our waste and our carbon, we actually have a bio waste food digester. We can bring in fresh food waste from outside sources, convert that into nutrients and also more energy. So not just, you know, closing the energy loop, the waste loop, the water loop, carbon loop, so building things sustainably and our build environment. But to us, it’s not just about the word sustainable. It’s really about kind of playing chess and thinking ahead and making things that are built to last. So for us, sustainability really means longevity, which is why we’re looking to convert these older good bone schools and malls and do something great with them.

Eve: [00:05:12] You have my head spinning. Any any one of these things is a pretty significant business to start. And for those who are listening, I mean, you’ve you’ve moved a career from professional football to basically community visionary. And so let’s step back a bit. I mean, how did that transformation happen and where did the seed of the idea for The Bridge begin?

Gary: [00:05:38] Way back, actually. So when I was eight years old, I actually was enrolled into a private boarding school for orphans. I’m not an orphan, so I’ll give a little bit of history about the school itself. So Milton Hershey School, founded by Hershey’s Chocolate, the great chocolate chairman Milton Hershey, not only was he into chocolate, but he also founded this school back in 1909 for little white orphan boys. It was called the Hershey Industrial School for Boys. And that’s what the school was up to the 60’s when black males were admitted, to the 70’s and 80’s females were admitted. And by the time that I went in late 90s, it was no longer just for orphans. But your family had to be below the poverty line, single parent homes, still your orphans, foster kids, the like. And what the school does is it provides a fully cost free education. You live on campus, cost free your clothes, your food, everything, and then they double it up. And when you graduate from the high school, whatever college you get accepted to, they provide you with a pretty significant scholarship, anywhere from eighty thousand to one hundred thousand dollars to go toward that education.

Eve: [00:06:47] Wow.

Gary: [00:06:48] So, that’s really the true inspiration of the work, eat, live, learn, play model. One the school, but but on a bigger scale, the town itself. So there was nothing in that farm town of Hershey wasn’t being called Hershey until Milton Hershey himself went there and established this town. Now there’s a four theme park, stadiums, theaters, obviously the entire school just it’s now a one stop shop for everything that he provided for his workers. But now it’s an entertainment space for everybody. So, that work, eat, live, learn, play model definitely comes from the town. And then also on a microcosm of the school itself, providing all the opportunities and resources that the kids needed that would have never gotten those opportunities or resources before.

Eve: [00:07:29] I bet Hershey would love to hear this story, right?

Gary: [00:07:32] Yeah, yeah.

Eve: [00:07:33] That’s a great seed to plant. So then you went on to have a professional career in football and I suppose came back to your hometown, right? That’s Harrisburg.

Gary: [00:07:45] Yeah, yeah, yeah. Yep. So I got a full ride scholarship to play at Penn State where I went and played for Joe Paterno and Bill O’Brien. While there, I triple majored in business, advertising and psychology. So made sure that with that full ride I maximize it and got some pieces of paper to my name. So then after that I went to the NFL. I went undrafted actually to the Seattle Seahawks. Earned a starting spot there and played there for three years and ended up getting two new contracts actually with the Forty Niners. And that’s who I most recently played with and now I’m a free agent. I’m taking this year off to stay away from the virus and decided to, you know,  develop The Bridge. A few business plans had already been developed for The Bridge. So you kind of put them together. So, yeah, I went to the NFL, played for a few different teams, and now I’m doing some real estate development. And like you stated, you know, community development.

Eve: [00:08:38] Yes, it’s a lot of fun, isn’t it?

Gary: [00:08:40] Absolutely.

Eve: [00:08:41] Yeah. Where are you starting? Like, physically? What are the buildings like? And you have a first project, I think, in Harrisburg. What does it look like?

Gary: [00:08:50] Yeah. Yeah. So that specific property was built in 1930. It’s an old Catholic school. The Catholic school was there until 2014, so it’s been empty since then. It’s actually the fallout shelter for the city. So it’s got great bones. It’s actually really, really good shape on the inside. A few areas need some work, got to put a sprinkler system in and repair parts of the roof. That’s part of the biggest expense, aside from obviously the renovations that we plan on doing. But, yeah, that the building in terms of the areas, though, that The Bridge itself targets, there are three main requirements. First and foremost, the town or the city or the area is a food desert or within close proximity to a food desert.

Eve: [00:09:37] Um Hm.

Gary: [00:09:37] Our main objective is to convert food deserts into food oases. Food security and food localization are extremely important, not just in the health of individuals, but also in finances and keeping the dollar circulating within your community. So first and foremost, food deserts. Second, we’re targeting places that have home owner occupied rates lower than 45 percent. And then we’re also the third requirement is the local school district there is ranked in the bottom half of the state. So those three things, Venn diagramed out the middle area right there is where The Bridge wants to be. Normally areas that most developers don’t want to go into. Lots of distressed properties, you know, areas that don’t have people that have a lot of disposable income. Those are the exact people that we’re targeting. We’re pitching or constructing this model to really combat systematic oppression. Those things that I just labeled create systematic oppression and keeps whoever lives in those areas down. You don’t have resources there. You don’t have opportunities to get yourself out of those situations. So that’s right where we want to be.

Eve: [00:10:40] Ok, so this first building sounds like a gut rehab. I think I saw pictures of it. It’s pretty gorgeous on your video and it looks pretty big. How big is it and what are you planning to actually build inside that space? And you adding new buildings like I’m an architect. I want to know how the physical structure, what you’re planning.

Gary: [00:11:01] So it’s one hundred and twenty thousand square feet.

Eve: [00:11:05] Oh, that’s pretty big. Yeah.

Gary: [00:11:06] Sitting on eight and a half acres. And it’s currently there’s a ground floor, first floor and a second floor. We plan on building another floor on top, at least one floor. We’re still deciding if we’re going to go a bit higher within that top floor is going to be housing. As of now, we’ve got about 50 units. And that’s a mix of affordable housing as well as luxury housing. As I stated. In the ground floor is actually where our maker-space, music studio, a digital media lab, that’s where those those areas are. So kind of the co-working space.

Eve: [00:11:41] Incubator space.

Gary: [00:11:41] Some co-working offices up on the first floor, as well as some more housing. The gym, there’s a gym. The gym will remain the gym. There’s a nice stage in there and some built-in bleachers. So we’ll refurbish that and people will be able to use that for TED talks and what have you. We’re not going to put a gym floor back into it, but you will be able to do some physical activities in there, pull up curtains, sectioned off the area, use it for different events and what have you. There’ll be a new building actually built connected to the gym, which will house our adventure arcade. So the zip lines, the batting cages, the trampolines and what have you. So that’ll be new build as well as our farm. Which is looking to be anywhere from sixty thousand to seventy thousand square feet, but going vertical. So about six stories high, so only taken up about a third of an acre, but being able to produce the same amount of food that 13 acres does in a traditional farming sense.

Eve: [00:12:34] It sounds like your plans are pretty fleshed out. Like, how far along are you in the development process?

Gary: [00:12:39] Yeah, the conceptual phase is done. We’re getting our land development plan together. We haven’t gotten our full construction drawings together yet. We’re still locking in a few of our different anchor tenants, some of the local entities that want to be a part of our mission and really help the demographic that we’re trying to help too. So we’re making sure we lock in the right anchor tenants there and get their spaces developed the way that they like them. And as of now, we’re raising money. And luckily, being in the NFL, I got to be our main investor. But we’re in the process of opening up to bring more investors in so we can obviously bring this fully to fruition. We just had our groundbreaking actually on November 19 and looking to start construction in the spring.

Eve: [00:13:21] Oh, wow. So you’re really pretty far along.

Gary: [00:13:23] Yeah. Yeah. So we’re we’re moving along, moving, moving, moving right along. We acquired the building last November, so we took the last year to really do a lot of our planning stuff. You know, Covid slowed a few things down.

Eve: [00:13:36] Really slowed things down.

Gary: [00:13:38] Yeah. But allowed us to still meet virtually and get some of our things done.

Eve: [00:13:43] Right.

Gary: [00:13:43] But now we’re obviously entering the next phase and taking it from paper to dirt and steel. It’s going to be paramount that we get there. And so being in March, April, May it will look a little bit better.

Eve: [00:13:53] Yes, hopefully. So what do the locals think?

Gary: [00:13:56] Oh, we’ve got, oh man, tremendous community support. So, what we do, like so The Bridge Eco-village, work, eat, live, learn, play. Right. That’s that’s the model. But the specific amenities within each of those branches is determined by what the community there needs. Right. So, okay yeah, we want a co-working space, if that’s what you guys want, or we want an area like a maker-space. Like, what do you guys want within a maker-space. What do you need. What have you not had access to. You know, so we actually hold a bunch of community panels before we even put together our plan. So that’s what a lot of the last year was too, is getting in touch with local community, local neighborhoods, figuring out what the specific things people want, need, what’s lacking, obviously talking to not just the community, but also to politicians and getting their support. You know, because obviously within the fundraising aspect, there’s a public private partnership. So being able to have their support as we pursue some of those public funds was was very important, you know, and they’re all behind it. Everybody’s super behind, you know, what we’re doing. It’s not like this is some like, you know, come to Jesus thing. This is like, all right, look, we have an old school here, a building that’s been sitting here as a community. We have an opportunity now to put together a plan to really develop this thing as something that we could use and need. And not only that, but then actually create a showcase to show what other communities can do in their places and in their cities with their old buildings.

Eve: [00:15:18] You talked about public private partnerships. Does that include financing partnerships?

Gary: [00:15:23] Yeah, absolutely.

Eve: [00:15:24] So affordable housing dollars or historic tax credits?

Gary: [00:15:29] Yep.

Eve: [00:15:29] Like, how do you bring the capital stuff together? I know these projects are very difficult.

Gary: [00:15:34] Yeah, yeah. No, so a lot. So there’s different grants, obviously, like you mentioned, tax credits, historical tax credits. We actually have a meeting set up with the expert, for historical tax credits. The way we designed our plan, we know we’re not being super intrusive and knocking down a ton of different walls. So, we are  anticipating…

Eve: [00:15:52] Yes, they don’t like that, do they?

Gary: [00:15:57] No, they don’t. That’s the kind of the public side, the private side, a lot of different athletes and entertainers. Right. So. As an athlete, most of us have different, like I’ll speak specifically to the NFL and football. We have our own football camps and we go back home. Right. So, it never really sat well with me, you know, just like, ah man, first of all, the chances of making it to the NFL are very, very, very low. And even if you do make it to the NFL, the chances of you keeping a lot of your money is very, very low. Eighty eight percent of NFL players are bankrupt within just two years of playing.

Eve: [00:16:29] Oh, that’s shocking.

Gary: [00:16:30] Eighty eight percent. Yeah.

Eve: [00:16:32] Why is that?

Gary: [00:16:33] That’s financial literacy and really understanding, you know, just making bad investments. I think you’ve got to have a certain image, spending the money in the wrong places, purchasing liberty.

Eve: [00:16:44] You grow up poor and then you have all this money. And because no one’s ever really taught you how to manage it, it’s too much.

Gary: [00:16:51] Yeah. Yeah. Kind of like, you know, when people win the lottery. Most of them end up same thing, either broke or dead, unfortunately.

Eve: [00:16:58] What a shame. Okay.

Gary: [00:17:00] So, aside from that, which is also an issue, instead of going home and preaching about or having the kids come in and go to these football camps, and them thinking, oh, I want to make it to the NFL and be just like Gary Gilliam, you know, if there’s a kid that that has the potential, by all means, do it. It’s also great for the physical aspect and getting the kids out of the house to do things. But let’s think a little more deeply with it. Let’s let’s really go back and talk about real estate, business, agriculture, leveraging credit. Let’s talk about those things. You can create a lot more millionaires that way than we do with athletics, right? That same drive and tenacity and execution ability that we have in athletics, we can mirror that in the business world, too. So let’s be the face of that. You know, athletes, let’s be the ones that are going back home now and using the money that we’ve gained to then, one, create opportunities for other people to gain money, but also be helping a ton of people. And most of them like it and and they want to get on board. And what The Bridge is, is it’s a model. So it’s not just in Harrisburg. We’ve got a target to hit a bunch of other cities over the next few years. So this thing is about scalability. It’s about impact. Like I stated in the very beginning, it’s a for purpose real estate development company. So really about impacting individual’s lives. But it’s also structured and made in a way that you can make a lot of money with and has a great return too.

Eve: [00:18:20] So then what will success look like to you in five or 10 years, say?

Gary: [00:18:26] Yeah, I think success will go back to our three requirements. If that area is no longer a food desert. If the home ownership are higher than forty five percent, significantly higher. And if the school district in that area is then ranked in the top half of the state, then that’s when we know we were successful. And that ripple will be able to be measured. That’s quantifiable. We’ll be able to see that with numbers. And you kind of wonder, OK, well, how does the school district, how does homeownership rates, how does that food desert, how does that relate to the bridge? Well, the school district is directly correlated to homeownership rates and values, which in our LERN branch were heavy on financial literacy, getting people into homes, using FHA loans to get their home owner occupied, taking care of properties, property values go up, more funding to our school districts. Right, these things are linked. So if we’re doing, we’re supposed to do with each bridge location and that means the area surrounding us, none of those things are now issues and we’ll see how far that ripple goes. Which will then allow us to overlap, if need be, other bridge locations so we can start to cover the areas that still have those issues.

Eve: [00:19:32] Those are really great and pragmatic metrics. I think it’ll work really well.

Gary: [00:19:38] Thank you.

Eve: [00:19:38] I have to ask, what’s the biggest challenge you’ve had with this project? Maybe you haven’t had any.

Gary: [00:19:44] The biggest challenge personally would be asking people for money. It’s kind of an odd thing personally, for me to do so, you know, getting over that hump and just kind of like, yeah, you know, this is this is kind of, you know, what we’re doing. And everyone’s always like, well, how can I get involved? It’s like, well, we need capital. That’s that’s that’s a big thing. You know, we’ve kind of assembled The Avengers. If you’ve got expertise, right, in architectural stuff or engineering or marketing or whatever else it is, like, this is obviously something that would be in a lot of different cities and teams are needed in each of those cities to run these living buildings, if you will. So, yeah. So teams and capital.

Eve: [00:20:22] Ok, and what’s your what’s your really big, hairy, audacious goal? You said you wanted to be in a few other cities in a few years. What’s, what does this look like in in 10 years from now, do you think?

Gary: [00:20:33] Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. We’re looking to raise. You want big hairy. Okay.

Eve: [00:20:38] Yeah, Big hairy.

Gary: [00:20:39] Ok, here we go. One point five billion dollars. We want to pump that into 20 different cities over 10 years.

Eve: [00:20:50] Okay.

Gary: [00:20:50] One point five billion dollars to be deployed into 20 different cities over 10 years.

Eve: [00:20:56] That is a lot.

Gary: [00:20:59] Yeah, Big. Hairy. All that.

Eve: [00:21:01] Yeah, this is really great. Well, I’m really excited to see what what happens. I would love to be at your groundbreaking. Who knows if we’ll be through this pandemic by then. I hope I hope it’s over soon. But it really it sounds like a fantastic project. And I want to tell everyone, if they haven’t seen your video, they should go look at it because it’s a pretty wonderful description of what you’re trying to do. I really enjoyed it.

Gary: [00:21:28] Thank you.

Eve: [00:21:29] It’s been really nice talking to you.

Gary: [00:21:31] You as well. Thanks for having me.

Eve: [00:21:43] That was Gary Gilliam. Football star would probably be enough for most people. It’s not enough for Gary, who planned to leverage his extensive and influential network to do some good. To do a lot of good. The community he grew up in, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is poor and segregated. Gary says it is the epitome of systematic oppression, redlining, food desert, lack of resources for the school district. It’s all here. And it’s been that way since I was young. He wants to find a real solution for those real points of pain, not just in Harrisburg, but all over the world. You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website, Evepicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Gary, for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Garry Gilliam, The Bridge.

Let’s be brave.

February 10, 2021

Diana Lind is a writer, editor, critic and urban advocate. Now heading the Arts and Business Council for Greater Philadelphia, Diana made her mark at Next City, a nonprofit, online news organization focused on urban issues and stories about creating equitable cities. Diana moved to Philadelphia, in 2008, from her hometown of NYC to take over as editor in chief, and she later became the executive director. After Next City she was the founding managing director of the Fels Policy Research Initiative at The University of Pennsylvania, where she worked until joining the Arts and Business Council in 2019. Previously, Diana worked at the Philadelphia Media Network, which owns the Philadelphia Inquirer, and was both a freelance editor for Rizzoli and editor/critic for Architectural Record.

In October, Diana published a new book on the history of and alternatives to the single-family home in the United States, called Brave New Home. Meant as a way to introduce laypeople to the rich (and sometimes troubled) history of housing in the U.S., her book also confronts the housing disparities we must bravely face today. Diana is a frequent public speaker, and has given keynotes or participated in panels at more than 100 events, including major conventions like the World Urban Forum and Smart City Expo. In 2008, she published Brooklyn Modern: Architecture, Interiors & Design, and she has received honors such as the TED City 2.0 prize, the ACLU Stand Up for Freedom award, and a funded residency at Blue Mountain Center. She serves on the boards of Next City and The Philadelphia Citizen.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Let’s be brave, Diana says. And brave we must be to solve the housing crisis.  
  • Governments must bravely tweak their zoning regulations, so that new and affordable housing types can easily be built.  
  • Developers must bravely experiment with their next housing project.  
  • Banks must bravely finance new housing products.  
  • And NIMBYS must bravely accept some change.

Information and Links

  • Be sure to check out Diana’s new book!
  • And she wants to point people to Next City, “the best source of national news about urban innovations.”
  • And, The Philadelphia Citizen, the local solutions journalism website where she is also a board member. It’s a fantastic window into the “good things in Philly” that are happening, and the leaders who are making it so.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:15] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing. My guest today is Diana Lind. She’s written a book called Brave New Home. In it, she explores the history of and alternatives to the single family home in the United States. Her interest in this subject was kindled by her own experiences as a young mother living in a typical single family home which didn’t quite meet her needs. Diana’s past experiences come into full focus with this book. Professionally, she started life as a writer at Architectural Record, kindling an interest in architecture, and her tenure at Next City cemented her interest in urban advocacy. If you’d like to know more about Diana once you’ve listened in, be sure to go to EvePicker.com to find out more on the show notes page for this episode. And be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve: [00:01:42] Hi, Diana. I’m really delighted to have you here with me today.

Diana Lind: [00:01:46] Thanks so much for having me.

Eve: [00:01:47] So, you’re a writer and you’ve spent your career deeply immersed in urban issues. And I’m wondering how you became an urban advocate?

Diana : [00:01:57] Sure, I grew up in New York City. So, living in a city and just adoring all of its creativity, its vibrancy, its density, all of these kinds of things, just as part of who I am. But I originally thought I was going to be a novelist or just a journalist. And when I graduated from college, my first job was working at a magazine, but it was working at an architecture magazine. And I didn’t really know very much about architecture, but it was a fantastic experience. I was working for Architectural Record and I still write for them and it’s a fantastic publication. And really from that experience, that was in the early 2000s, it was a period when there was a big focus on kind of the ‘Bilbao effect.’ How could cities use amazing architecture to spark a downtown revitalization in cities around the country? And so, I really went from architecture into becoming very interested in cities and started working at Next City, which was then known as the Next American City Magazine, in Philadelphia. And that’s really when I transitioned from being focused on architecture, to cities and urban policy issues. And I’ve been in that place ever since.

Eve: [00:03:21] So, did you ever get to Bilbao?

Diana : [00:03:23] I did not, no.

Eve: [00:03:25] I did, it’s a really fantastic city. It’s a really interesting city.

Diana : [00:03:32] Yeah. I mean, what is one of the problems with the Bilbao effect’s translation into the U.S. is that I think a lot of people thought, well, you just need an awesome museum by a brand name architect and you need so much more than that.

Eve: [00:03:45] Oh, no. I think the remarkable thing about Bilbao that I really, was burned into my brain, is the use of public squares and how just the culture is very different in American culture. So, in the evening, you know, families would come out into these little urban courtyards and squares and join other families and the kids would be playing and it was fantastic. That’s really what Bilbao is about.

Diana : [00:04:10] Yeah. And also like an economic development strategy, not just an expensive museum. So, I think you need a fuller package. Yeah, for sure.

Eve: [00:04:20] So, tell me about your latest book, Brave New Home.

Diana : [00:04:23] Sure. Brave New Home just came out in October 2020. And the book is really a history of single family housing in the United States and an exploration of how we went from a country that had many more diverse housing options to one dominated by single family homes. And then a forward looking view at what are some alternatives to the single family home and why they’ve become so compelling. And swirling all around this is issues of demographic change, cultural change, ways in which just society has changed and housing has not kept pace. So, the conclusion looks also at how can we address some of the social, economic and environmental issues that we’re facing as a country through better housing policies.

Eve: [00:05:17] So, why did you write the book? What prompted you to write it?

Diana : [00:05:20] I was inspired to write the book first from a personal level. So, I was one of these people in my 20’s and early 30’s who spent very little time at home. And I was always kind of out working or I was going out with friends or going to different cities, things like that. And then when I had my first child, I just started spending so much more time at home and I really started to question how I had come to assume that a certain style of living, the single family row home that we lived in, was the right choice for our family. And also wondered about why it was, being a first-time mother, very difficult in terms of not having connections to people to kind of learn from and talk to, and other families to have dinner with where it wouldn’t matter if your child was screaming or crying. And I’ve found that we have created all of these sort of workarounds to that, like Mommy and Me classes that you pay 20 dollars to participate in. But that, you know, actually housing, multigenerational housing, neighborhoods that were purposefully built to be, you know, more closely knit as communities. These were ways in which we had raised generations in the past, and that was really no longer the case anymore. So, it started with a kind of personal questioning of how housing affects our lives in the way that we just raise families and exist in the world.

Eve: [00:06:55] Right.

Diana : [00:06:56] And then, this was a number of years ago, when really the price appreciation in Philadelphia where I live, and in many other cities, was picking up at a really fast pace. So, I think in 2016, prices went up by about 20 percent in Philadelphia in just one year alone. And so just witnessing…

Eve: [00:07:18] Wow…

Diana : [00:07:18] Yeah, and, you know, and that was not even the most extreme example. I mean, Seattle was probably the leader that year. And so, recognizing that housing was so expensive and there was such a great need for more affordable housing and just absolutely no way that we were going to be able to just sort of subsidize our way out of that, through whether it was new taxes or new government programs, that there had to be some other ways of addressing some of this affordability issue. And then finally, also in the past couple years, obviously, people had been thinking about climate change forever. But, you know, in the past couple of years, it’s become very evident, especially with wildfires in California, that the ways in which we have built into nature and kind of further expanded development has really had an impact on our ability to bring climate change under control. So, the social, economic and environmental issues had been swirling. And really, I wanted to put it together in a book and write about it in a way that would be accessible to people who knew a little bit about housing, but not a ton, perhaps. And also just sort of like a general person who was very curious about some of these issues and needed a bit of like a foundation of understanding the history of housing in the country.

Eve: [00:08:41] Right. You must have learned a lot researching it. What was the most surprising thing you learned?

Diana : [00:08:48] You know, that’s a good question. I don’t know that I was entirely surprised, but I had, of course, imagined that in the past there were more diverse housing options, like obviously knew about boarding houses or single room occupancy type buildings, or inns and taverns and the very beginning of colonial cities and whatnot. What I didn’t realize was that there were just so many variations upon things like apartment hotels that were built to give people a certain amount of privacy in their own apartment. But to have these kind of communal dining rooms where you could connect with your neighbors. And also how, you know, some of these types of communities were not seen as the way that I think they’re portrayed today, as kind of just bourgeois, you know, laziness, but rather a way to address some of the domestic inequality of women always having to take on the laundry, the cleaning of the house, et cetera. And so, some of these kinds of communities where there were amenities built in, were actually seen as feminist projects.

Eve: [00:10:00] That’s amazing.

Diana : [00:10:01] Yeah. And, you know, gender segregated housing that had a mission to provide for professional opportunities and colleagueship among women or men, over and over, and I couldn’t include it all in the book, but just found really interesting examples of, like, housing set aside for sailors that came in the city. Or, you know, just like so many different types. And we think, you know, pretty much today of just like single family housing and senior housing and maybe student housing. And that’s kind of it, you know?

Eve: [00:10:33] I interviewed someone a few months back who built a project, specifically housing for teachers. So, again, a community like that could kind of really lean on each other in a variety of ways. Interesting. You must have learned some troubling things as well. I read a quote. You said, “The housing that we built is built on a model that was created, frankly, with a lot of classist and racist exclusivity and privacy in mind.” So, you know, tell me about them.

Diana : [00:11:03] Sure, yeah, well, when you look at the growth of single family homes, it really started in the early 20th century at a time when there was an influx of immigrants in cities and a lot of the immigrants were not wealthy people living in crowded situations, in tenements and other housing types. And when both a combination of a bunch of different things happened, housing became more affordable to build through some standardizations of technologies and materials and the proliferation of private cars and trolleys and transit systems that would get people out of cities. You know, the real push for these initial suburbs in the beginning of the 20th century were really opportunities for the wealthiest and the whitest to move out of cities.

Eve: [00:12:02] That was catastrophic. Places like Pittsburgh. Right?

Diana : [00:12:06] Um hum, yeah. And that started, you know, really before what we think of as the baby boom period, which really led to suburbanization and very much car oriented suburbs, which then were communities that were built explicitly to exclude people of color, Jewish people and other minority groups. And that was done both legally, first through redlining and then sort of extra legally continued through restrictive covenants that could determine who was able to own a home or not able to own a home. You know, I think a lot of people in the history that has been talked about of this have really thought about the suburbs as being this great opportunity for people to access affordable housing and improve their quality of life. But it was not an opportunity that was available to all people. And many people have read Richard Rothstein’s Color of Law, but that is a whole book on that particular topic and certainly worth reading for that.

Eve: [00:13:12] Ok, so what does housing reform look like to you after writing this book and doing this research?

Diana : [00:13:18] The key thing is recognizing that there are a lot of different demographics in the country that want different styles of housing and we’ve really tried a sort of one size fits all approach to housing through the single family home and pursued that too. I think in some cases boost property values for people to continue to provide the kind of privacy and seclusion that we associate with the American dream, but which is really benefiting a kind of smaller and smaller group of homeowners. And in fact, as more corporate entities come into the single family home investment space, buying up tens of thousands of properties to use them as rental properties or even as flipping options as Zillow and other companies have done, it’s not even homeowners anymore who are pursuing this dream. So recognizing that we need to provide options for people who are in different economic circumstances and have different cultural and social needs is going to be really important. The reform part of it would really be to ensure that there is the zoning that allows for different types of housing, that there are incentives that provide for different types of housing, and that we’re not really only incentivizing the single family home through things like the mortgage interest deduction, through homeownership oriented programs, but that we’re thinking about ways to say legalize and encourage duplexes, because that might be a style of housing particularly suited for multigenerational households or households where someone needs an in-home caretaker or people need access to rental income or all of these various different things. And it’s really not legal in many neighborhoods, residential communities across the country. So I think step one would certainly be reforming the zoning and reforming what kinds of incentives we provide for housing.

Eve: [00:15:28] Yeah, okay, I suppose that was my next question. What is the impact of zoning on building a more equitable housing landscape is huge.

Diana : [00:15:37] Absolutely. Just yesterday, I was talking with a group of people interested in trying to encourage Philadelphia to reword some of its zoning to allow for accessory dwelling units across the city or in more neighborhoods and make the zoning less restrictive for it. And hearing from developers that were part of the group talking about how it costs time and money to have to deal with zoning variances or the uncertainty about whether a project is going to get it approved, you realize just how these kinds of zoning issues affect the whole pipeline of housing.

Eve: [00:16:19] Enormously. So, we actually have an offering live on Small Change for aiding a developer in Oregon. And there they put an overlay district, I think it statewide, which makes them use by right as long as they conform to a certain size. And he’s built the business around that zoning regulation.

Diana : [00:16:40] Yeah.

Eve: [00:16:40] So that he can move really quickly and create a manufactured unit that is actually half the price, a regular one bedroom unit to build. It’s one hundred and fifteen thousand instead of two hundred and fifty. So they have that in place. But the next problem is that financing them. I mean, you cannot find a bank, a CDFI fund or anyone who really finance these projects.

Diana : [00:17:07] Yeah, I think that’s an interesting issue and something that I talk a little bit about in the book. I give an example of an innovative project in Los Angeles through a nonprofit there, called LA Más. And they were really exploring, along with the city of Los Angeles, how to provide accessory dwelling units that would be both affordable to construct, and affordable to finance and all these kinds of issues. And what they were trying to do was to essentially line up all the parts for the homeowner to make it kind of one stop shopping so that they could have the contractor, the architect, the financing, all as part of a package that you buy into. Because I think one of the other issues is just for so many people, the idea of building an accessory dwelling unit is it’s very difficult. And if you’re not real estate savvy…

Eve: [00:18:02] Oh, it’s impossible. So, this guy actually builds it, installs it, finances it, and then gives them a ground lease. So, the opportunity to buy it at any time, you know, within a 10 year period, I think.

Diana : [00:18:19] Right. So that’s definitely a model that is gaining popularity and with good reason.

Eve: [00:18:24] Yeah, except he can’t finance it. I mean, it’s really difficult like we are with this huge housing need. And while I think people are being extremely creative, developing new models, getting banks and financial institutions to catch up is the next part of the story, right?

Diana : [00:18:46] Yes, absolutely. You know, just today, I got an invite to a webinar about accessory dwelling units with someone from Fannie Mae participating in it. So I think that there is kind of an increasing awareness among our governmental institutions that are financing housing that we need to be more nimble in what types of housing we’re financing and that there’s a I think, a growing awareness among a lot of banks as well. To your point about that statewide overlay in Oregon and some of the reform in California, these are huge markets and there’s a real opportunity there for these banks. So it’s going to become a question of them figuring out sooner rather than later that this is going to be a business opportunity for them. And they would be silly to not participate in that.

Eve: [00:19:38] Yeah, I think what I love most, about ADUs, backyard units, Grandma, in-law units, whatever you want to call them, is that they slip into an existing infrastructure in the neighborhood which has transit options and the grocery store and the school, they just slip in as extra housing without much fuss at all. If you can provide an affordable unit to someone in a great neighborhood that already exists, it’s just a fabulous option and we ought to all be on it.

Diana : [00:20:09] Yeah, yeah, absolutely. You know, something I try to stress in the book is that I don’t think there is a single housing option that’s going to solve the housing crisis. And so, you know, accessory dwelling units, they sort of have their limits. And before this call, you and I were talking a little bit about covid. And it kind of reminds me in some sense of what is increasingly called sort of like the Swiss cheese model, which is the idea that you have to wear a mask, you have to do social distancing, you have to limit the time you’re spending in certain places and that none of these various different safeguards is going to be enough to prevent covid. But when you do them all together, then you actually are able to prevent it relatively well.

Eve: [00:20:49] Make some impact. Yeah, yeah.

Diana : [00:20:51] So I think that’s sort of the same thing with housing, which is like, you know, these accessory dwelling units, they’re not going to solve everything, nor are duplexes, nor multifamily because they’re not going to work in every kind of context, but we have to think about what works in a given context and think about how we might be able to update housing to better provide affordability or some of the kind of needs that people have today.

Eve: [00:21:17] So what about co-living or co-housing, which is an emerging affordable housing trend? And I’ve talked to a variety of developers and I worked with a variety of developers just tackling this in so many different ways. It’s really fascinating.

Diana : [00:21:32] Yeah, so co-living was really picking up a lot of steam before the pandemic. And I have heard that there’s continuing to be some expansion and kind of merging of co-living companies. And I think it is still continuing to be a viable product and will be certainly post pandemic. But co-living, you know, is this idea of people having their own private bedrooms but larger shared spaces with programming and a sort of intentional community aspect to the building or the house, what have you, behind it. And certainly there are a lot of advantages of it and ways in which co-living really responds to demographic needs. And that, again, is sort of one of the thrust of the book is that, you know, there are young people who are not interested in acquiring furniture, are not interested in long leases. They want experiences. They want, you know, an Instagram worthy meal. They want, you know, just different types of things. And this is not to say it’s all people. And certainly it is a wealthier demographic of young people that tend to be living in these kind of traditional co-living spaces. That said, co-living has also, I think, de-stigmatized, shared living in a way in which we haven’t seen in a long time. So the kind of idea that living in a small apartment but having a small studio but having access to all of these amenities and other people, that kind of makes it seem cool. But we’ve seen some developers like Common, for example, which has then now partnered with cities like New York and Atlanta to build shared living and co-living spaces for people who are lower income or who are formerly homeless. So it can transcend one market into another. And I think it’s a really interesting housing type to get to address both some of the social needs that people have for actually connecting with people. You know, young people are like the loneliest generation, especially as more people spend time online. I think really value time in person as well. And so it’s a great way to address some of that social need and also provide some of that density that is going to have economic and environmental benefits too.

Eve: [00:24:01] In markets, like New York City it provides an opportunity for someone to live there. I suppose if you want to call affordably, you know, in a place that really could not afford to live.

Diana : [00:24:11] Right. Yes, that is definitely I think part of the whole idea is that for decades now, people have lived in little shoeboxes in New York and San Francisco, you know, sharing a, say, two bedroom apartment among six young people or what have you. And it’s kind of taking a little bit of that same idea. But but doing it in a more thoughtful way. And, yeah, like people are going to be spending a lot of money on rent anyways to live in a prime neighborhood. This is a way to do that and do it and actually sometimes like a more legal and friendly fashion.

Eve: [00:24:49] Right, right. Right. So are there any other housing trends that you believe are kind of really important for our future?

Diana : [00:24:55] Definitely think that multigenerational housing is one of the sleeper issues in housing that has not really gotten the attention of both the marketplace solutions and government policies. Multigenerational housing, so three or more generations under a roof, was on the rise in the U.S. and at the highest level since the 1950’s, I think in 2018. When the next data dump comes out, I’m very interested to see. I’m sure that it is even higher now. Also, people living with kin has also increased. So not just multiple generations, but living with an aunt and uncle or brother or sister or cousin, that kind of thing. People can, of course, live all in a single family home together in a multigenerational fashion. But, you know, there are a lot of housing types that were traditionally available, like duplexes, like multifamily townhouses that worked quite well for this type of demographic that we could see the renewal of that being very important to support in multigenerational housing. So I think that’s going to be a huge trend in the future.

Eve: [00:26:13] That’s kind of ‘the missing middle,’ right?

Diana : [00:26:15] Mm hmm. Right. Yeah.

Eve: [00:26:17] We’ve touched on this, but what role should developers or communities or city government or even federal government play in building an equitable housing landscape?

Diana : [00:26:28] Well, I think it requires certainly all of these different stakeholders. And the role that developers can play is being willing to experiment with housing types, being willing to test out housing that might work for a niche demographic that actually is quite huge. You know, I think that’s one of the things that we found with co-living, for example. Like, you don’t need all young people to live this way because the millennial generation is the largest generation that exists. But even just a fraction of it is a huge market. So a willingness to look beyond the status quo is going to be important from developers. I think from the government side of things, a willingness to accept that we’re not going to be able to simply create all the affordable housing that we need through the old standard measures of old government programs. It would be great if, as President elect Biden has proposed, that of making Section eight an entitlement that will do a lot to create more affordable housing. But I also think that government needs to recognize that there is a role here to play in changing zoning to adjust. Yes. What might actually flourish more naturally in their city if they adjusted the zoning.

Eve: [00:27:47] I mean, it’s so expensive to change zoning regulations. I was part of a zoning regulation rewrite a couple of decades ago, and it was a huge project.

Diana : [00:27:58] Right.

Eve: [00:27:59] You have all these small places that where did they get the funds from?

Diana : [00:28:05] Right, and that’s where I think some of the state reform is really powerful because then you don’t have the same kinds of issues of small municipalities having to figure out how to change their zoning. I’m thinking more along the lines of larger cities that could adjust their zoning and have processes to look at their planning documents every few years. So I think that’s definitely a way to adjust some of it.

Eve: [00:28:34] Right back to you. What are you currently working on?

Diana : [00:28:39] I sometimes marvel at the fact that I was able to write the book because I have two young kids and I have a full time job. And then there’s been this pandemic which has made everything…

Eve: [00:28:50] Three jobs.

Diana : [00:28:51] Yeah, right. So, I think at the moment I’m really just trying to get the word out about the book and kind of get those ideas out there a bit more. I do have some ideas of what some potential next book could be. Very interested in the discussion about how cities are going to transform as a result of the pandemic and more rather than just the pandemic, the increase in online working and how that is going to change cities and the sort of ways in which retail had been troubled pre pandemic. But that has just been accelerated. So, something about that future of the city question and something I’ve written about a little bit lately, and I could imagine looking at that in a larger format.

Eve: [00:29:41] That would be really interesting.

Diana : [00:29:42] Yeah.

Eve: [00:29:43] I just wanted to go back to one other thing. You grew up in New York City and I think you live in Philly now, right?

Diana : [00:29:48] Yeah.

Eve: [00:29:49] What do you love about Philly and what do you think it needs to do better to become a 21st century metro area.

Diana : [00:29:56] Well, I think Philly is a fantastic city for so many different reasons. I think the reason that I love it currently, which is different than a couple of years ago, is just how amazing its cultural institutions are. I now run something called The Arts and Business Council. That’s my day job, if you will. And so I work with people in the creative sector and also businesses who are interested in getting involved in the creative community as well. So that just makes me really excited about the city seeing how that plays out. I live not too far from many of its big institutions, like the museums and the library, the central branch of the library and some of its great parks. So just all of that kind of like cultural infrastructure is built into, baked into Philly, and that is fantastic. The other thing that I really love about it is that it is a city that is changing, but not at such warp speed. That was definitely something I felt in New York in my early 20’s there. It just felt like the city was changing so fast and it was really disruptive. And so there’s like a nice pace of change here. Where it needs to go in the future? I think it just needs to be a more brave to take a word from the book.

Eve: [00:31:16] Yeah. Brave. I love that word. Everyone gets to be brave.

Diana : [00:31:20] Yes, totally. So that’s a little bit of a motto from the book is like, let’s be brave. And, you know, it’s amazing to see how we’ve closed down some streets for outdoor restaurants and taking up parking spaces for that and stuff like that. It’s just exposed how we could reorganize the city to be more pedestrian friendly, more bicycle friendly, all that kind of stuff. And we’ve not had the focus on that. I also think, you know, just a huge issue is the school system here is facing a huge deficit as a result of the pandemic and just a recognition that this is like the top priority for the city and we have to figure it out and do it right, at this point. There hasn’t been consensus around that, but I just don’t see a way forward for Philly if we don’t solve that. So that is going to need some bold action as well. You know, you can take these ideas and a bunch of different directions. I think we could do a lot more in terms of our transit, in terms of our housing, that would just be less about trying to recapture the status quo, but trying something new because we have no other option at this point.

Eve: [00:32:34] Yeah.

Diana : [00:32:35] Yeah.

Eve: [00:32:36] Well, thank you so much for joining me, Diana. I really enjoyed our conversation. And I want to learn more. And I think your book is now my reading list for the holidays, so I haven’t had time to read it yet, but it sounds really fascinating. I can’t wait to get into it. Thank you so much.

Diana : [00:32:53] Thanks so much. It was great talking with you as well.

Eve: [00:33:03] That was Diana Lind. “Let’s be brave,” she says, and brave we must be to solve this housing crisis. Governments must bravely tweak their zoning regulations so that new and affordable housing types can be easily built. Developers must bravely experiment with their next housing project. Banks must bravely finance new housing products, and NIMBY’s must bravely accept some change. Together, surely we can make a difference.Eve: [00:33:39] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Diana, for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Images courtesy of Diana Lind

Human City.

February 9, 2021

“The mother who made a community garden, the professor who dedicated his life to parking, the architect who studied the nuances of a public bench – these are the people who make our places, well, human.” Stig Terrebonne.

Through the words of leaders, thinkers, designers and simply doers, this podcast series, hosted by Stig Terrebonne, investigates what makes our bursting cities human and how this may liberate our growing urban population.

In this episode, Stig talks to Eve Picker, founder of Small Change, a real estate crowd funding platform for impactful real estate projects. Eve has worn many a hat in her quest to make change – real estate developer, architect, urban designer and tech pioneer. Listen in to hear about Eve’s background, her thoughts on the built environment, how crowdfunding works and how you can get involved.

Image from the Human City podcast

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