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Rethink Real Estate. For Good.

Rethink Real Estate. For Good.

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FinTech

The Placemaking Podcast.

February 10, 2021

“The Placemaking Podcast is meant for the developer looking to continually improve their craft and provide others with wonderful spaces within their communities.” Matt Loos.

Matt Loos believes that “placemaking” is the art of capitalizing on a local community’s assets, inspiration and potential, to create good public spaces that promote people’s health, happiness, and economic well-being. His podcast series dives into this topic through the eyes of architects, engineers, bankers, surveyors, and real estate developers.

In this episode he interviews founder of Small Change, Eve Picker, for an episode he calls Creating a lasting legacy through investing in Small Change. They talk about the genesis of Small Change and what’s involved in the process of offering and investing in projects through the platform.

Image from The Placemaking Podcast

Human City.

February 9, 2021

“The mother who made a community garden, the professor who dedicated his life to parking, the architect who studied the nuances of a public bench – these are the people who make our places, well, human.” Stig Terrebonne.

Through the words of leaders, thinkers, designers and simply doers, this podcast series, hosted by Stig Terrebonne, investigates what makes our bursting cities human and how this may liberate our growing urban population.

In this episode, Stig talks to Eve Picker, founder of Small Change, a real estate crowd funding platform for impactful real estate projects. Eve has worn many a hat in her quest to make change – real estate developer, architect, urban designer and tech pioneer. Listen in to hear about Eve’s background, her thoughts on the built environment, how crowdfunding works and how you can get involved.

Image from the Human City podcast

Rethink Real Estate.

January 27, 2021

What happens when three friends and kindred spirits start dedicating their Saturday mornings to the pursuit of more equitable development and democratized finance?

For years, Dutch MacDonald, architect and technologist, Josh McManus, entrepreneur and place-maker, and Eve Picker, urban designer and developer, have been rooting each other on in their respective pursuits. And then the pandemic happened. We traded in time spent on trains and planes for weekly meetings. Over the last year our discussions have led to an emerging consensus regarding the acute need to rethink real estate for the future. 

In our respective worlds we have encountered developers, companies, foundations and family offices all looking for counsel. Not an esoteric brand of futurism, but on-the-ground real experience, and solutions to the diverse problems facing anyone who wants to create buildings and places that work for everyone. 

And so, Small Change Advisors was born. We’ve an eye on reimagining the way that spaces and places work. And we have a wealth of collective experience amongst us. Just listen in to Josh and Eve in this first of a series of ongoing conversations, and you’ll get the picture.

Insights and Inspirations

  • There is a radical transformation of real estate going on right before our eyes, and in a system that hasn’t changed much since this country’s inception.
  • We’ve watched the broker model in insurance and the mortgage industry being displaced. Real estate may be next in line.
  • The ‘dollars and square foot, for many years at a time’ model for commercial real estate needs to be reimagined.
  • We have to stop looking at buildings as ‘warehouses for humans’ and see them as ‘machines for the maximization of human potential.’
  • Real estate is a tool for transformation, able to stitch places and communities and cities together.
  • We need a broader toolkit of options to expand the lessee/landlord relationship, including a democratization of real estate that can let owners, renters and communities (literally) invest in where they live and work.

Information and Links

  • Get some (community, development, impact, crowdfunding, visionary) advice from Small Change Advisors.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:19] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing. What happens when three friends and kindred spirits start dedicating their Saturday mornings to the pursuit of more equitable development and democratized finance? Well, a lot.

Eve: [00:00:44] For years, Dutch MacDonald, architect and technologist, Josh McManus, entrepreneur and placemaker, have been rooting each other, and me, on in their respective pursuits. And then the pandemic happened. We substituted planes and trains with weekly meetings, and over time a picture emerged that there’s an acute need regarding how to tackle real estate in the future. Developers, companies, foundations and family offices are all looking for counsel. Not the esoteric, academic brand of futurism, but real talk, real experience and real solutions to the problems facing people working to build places that work for everyone. And so, Small Change Advisors was born. We’ve an eye on reimagining the way that spaces and places work. And we have a wealth of collective experience amongst us. Just listen in to Josh and I and you’ll get the picture. Be sure to go to EvePicker.com to find out more about our Saturday morning adventure, and be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve: [00:02:16] Hey, Josh, thanks so much for joining me today.

Josh McManus: [00:02:19] Hi Eve. Happy to be here.

Eve: [00:02:21] So, you and I talk a lot on Saturday mornings with our friend, Dutch MacDonald.

Josh: [00:02:26] That we do.

Eve: [00:02:27] We started doing that like maybe mid-last year? And what brought us there, why did we decide to do that?

Josh: [00:02:35] I think it was a unique combination of our ongoing realization that we all come to, a very similar set of shared beliefs, but from very different experiences and angles. And, you know, to give away your time on Saturday morning when you have a lot of other things that you could be working on, I think there has to be a lot of serendipity and symbiosis. And we seem to have found that amongst the group, that time always flies by.

Eve: [00:03:05] Yeah, I mean, I remember thinking I’ve known you for quite a long time now, right? Through CEOs for Cities and after that. So, you and I have had a lot of commonalities in the way we think about cities and do things. And Dutch, Dutch was the architect for my real estate portfolio, and then moved on to a slightly different world, business strategy and digital placemaking, I suppose. I don’t know, I have always thought that together the three of us can be better than alone.

Josh: [00:03:37] Yeah, yeah, I totally agree. I think the more, and it’s probably been, I don’t know, 15, 20 years since you and I first crossed paths?

Eve: [00:03:47] Yeh, probably.

Josh: [00:03:48] But the further I go into this work, there’s a very small set of people that I call, you know, at the Ph.D. Level that have been on the, sort of, the front lines of placemaking, community change, this sort of transformational development. And so, it gets harder and harder to find friends that you can have the right conversations with. And so, there’s a certain solace in finding folks that you can talk about any of these problems and issues and opportunities with. But then each of us come at it, you know, you guys have a, very technical training. I have business training. Dutch has been doing a lot of work and consulting in the digital world. And so, I think there’s a lot of magic that’s happened, is collapsing our insights together and turning them into shared action.

Eve: [00:04:35] So, we each have a special superpowers, and I think that’s what’s always fascinated me. And also the thought of working with people who, as you said, think the same way, love the same things, are passionate about cities, want to make a difference. All of those things. It’s hard to find people who really want to do that.

Josh: [00:04:54] Yeah.

Eve: [00:04:55] Anyway, so I’m going to ask you, what’s the one thing you believe about real estate right now that others don’t seem to believe in, yet?

Josh: [00:05:04] I think that we are seeing the radical transformation of real estate right before our eyes and that we should be surprised and amazed by that because it’s a system that hasn’t changed pretty much in the United States since our inception. And the thing that I believe about real estate that I don’t know that others have completely come to terms with yet, is that I don’t think the business model is going to hold. I don’t think that the dollars and square foot, for many years at a time for commercial real estate, is going to be the way that business is done even a dozen years from now. I think there’s going to be a radical imagination of the monetization for commercial spaces. And I think that we’re getting a first look at it through the work of Small Change, and also through some of the work that I’m doing in these post-industrial cities.

Eve: [00:06:02] When you talk about that … are you talking about ‘demand pricing’? Explain a little more.

Josh: [00:06:07] Yeah, I think either brokers with a much broader toolset, or a displacement of the broker, which has happened in the insurance and the mortgage industry, and the toolset then becomes much bigger. So, I mean, demand pricing and pricing, that’s also got the arbitrage for the amount of time that you want the space for. So, right now, it’s really hard for potential tenants to find short-term lease offerings. But, you know, We Work, despite its failure, or despite its setbacks, started to chart that territory. And then you’re seeing a number of other providers following those footsteps. But not just demand pricing. You’re seeing unique revenue share models, a lot of retail, and food and beverage, is shifting much more to revenue share. Food halls are driving a lot of innovation around revenue models where risk and costs are shared by different entities. And so, I just see, you know, the ways that you can and use commercial space turning from a singular, ‘it’s about dollars, square feet and years,’ into a much more broad and varied menu of offerings that are priced accordingly, that are staffed accordingly, and that are, frankly, much more mutually beneficial to both the landlord on the lessee.

Eve: [00:07:29] That’s a really exciting concept. I have to tell you, I was thinking about that 15 years ago when I developed two buildings which had unusually small commercial spaces. Like little studios and spaces that range from about 400 square feet to under 2000 square feet. And I couldn’t find a broker who wanted to take on leasing them. And the reason was, because the broker model is based on commission. And that broker model, really, I don’t want to say it forces greed because that’s a bad way to put it. I mean, people need to put food on their table. So so brokers, right? But it forces them to really pursue the bigger deals because that’s how they get paid. And so, all the little ones get left behind. And yet they’re the ones that are really important for building, you know, the next business, a creative and diverse economy. And I ended up marketing all of those spaces myself for that reason. But it is a very broken system. Very broken.

Josh: [00:08:32] Yeah, well …we’re seeing the radical disruption and displacement … so AirBnB, you know displaced a whole set of brokers. You used to go to the beach and you dealt with a real estate firm that was set up to do short-term rentals. And now AirBnB is …

Eve: [00:08:50] That’s right.

Josh: [00:08:50] Vacasa and others. Yeah. And same thing if you look at under Warren Buffett’s holdings at Berkshire Hathaway, a Geico, like, you know, just used to have your neighborhood insurance man, and you don’t right now. You go direct when you’re going with Geico. I was at Quicken Loans as part of my work with Rock Ventures. That’s a 50 state sales-side operation. So, they’re competing against banks who have brick and mortar locations in neighborhoods, and they have this sustained competitive advantage, in that they don’t have that brick and mortar and they don’t have that whole traditional brokerage model. So, I don’t see any reason why it won’t happen in commercial real estate. You know, it’s in the process of arriving right now.

Eve: [00:09:31] Yeah, at the moment, really, Craigslist is the only option.

Josh: [00:09:35] Yeah, yeah …

Eve: [00:09:36] For those little spaces …

Josh: [00:09:37] … and that’s a sketchy option.

Eve: [00:09:39] It’s a sketchy option. It’s difficult.

Josh: [00:09:41] But I, I think it’ll change quickly.

Eve: [00:09:43] Yeah, that’s exciting. What’s your biggest pet peeve in real estate? Aside from this one?

Josh: [00:09:51] Well, this one is a major pet peeve of mine. There’s a philosophical one that I don’t know if you and I have talked about before, which is, I think that all too often we look at buildings as warehouses for humans instead of as machines for the maximisation of human potential. And what I mean by that is, a lot of folks, when you were doing commoditized-type work, if it was piecework or sales work or light manufacturing, which is, where can we find some space that has basic amenities so that people can do their work inside of them. Now that we’ve moved to a much more knowledge work-based economy, you have to ask yourself, how do I help the people that are inside of those, which are our most valuable asset, be their most productive selves? And so, I still walk into too many spaces and I feel like they’re trying to compete on the warehousing front. So, how many people can we warehouse in here for how many dollars and how many square feet?

Eve: [00:10:49] Right.

Josh: [00:10:49] And they’re not thinking about this is a machine for maximisation of human potential. So, what happens in the public realm? The quality of the food and bev, the quality of the shared spaces, the shared amenities? I always say in the real estate project I work on, you can’t austerity your way to prosperity. And so, I’m constantly peeved when I find people that are trying to do that.

Eve: [00:11:12] Interesting.

Josh: [00:11:14] What about for you, Eve?

Eve: [00:11:15] I’ve got a couple of pet peeves. One is banking. You know, I really and I’m not sure it’s the fault of banks, but I really believe that banks are squashing creative real estate innovation in the way that they lend. Because in order to get a bank loan, you need to get an appraisal. And in order to get an appraisal, there need to be a couple of, like, kind projects. So, this means that some new idea or a first of its kind project in a neighborhood is not going to get traditional bank financing. And I think that’s really holding back remaking places in a meaningful way. I think it’s a really big problem. The second pet peeve I have, I think, is zoning. Same issue. I have a little cottage in this wonderful little place that was, really, a fisherman’s village. It’s a miniature little thing. And sometime in the 19 .. probably in the 1960s or 70s, some wanting the zoning department thought it was a really good idea to overlay a completely suburban zoning rule over that funky little neighborhood. Everything that was there is grandfathered in, but everything that’s being built now looks completely different. It looks suburban with side yards and backyard setbacks that really are a completely suburban model. And I think that’s a horrible shame. But, you know, I think contextual zoning is critical to keep places intact and characterful and interesting and to really maintain the culture of them. But on the other hand, rewriting zoning codes, not zoning law, is immensely expensive. And I really don’t know the answer to that. I mean, small municipalities simply aren’t going to be able to afford to address that. They’re just not.

Josh: [00:13:15] Yeah, yeah. I see a regular friction with this, especially in post-industrial cities that have draconian old zoning laws, and they also don’t have the municipal finance to even start thinking about how they decrease these barriers. There’s an exciting piece of these pink zones or innovation zones, or they’re sort of peeling back zoning temporarily to see what happens. And I hope that that leads to some mass scale changes. But it seems to me in general, you know, when a lot of this was laid out, you know, heavy industry was big and dirty and that’s not even the case anymore. And so, all of the things that were being accounted for and attempted to be prevented, not to mention the things that were attempted to be prevented that were terribly racist classist or something else -ist, but I don’t think it’s the looming threat that it was when a lot of this came about. So, I’m hopeful that some of these innovation programs will chip away at it.

Eve: [00:14:14] Yeah, things like that have happened recently, like zoning overlay districts in the entire state of Oregon and California to permit accessory dwelling units. They’re really good. Planners need to just go for it a little bit more.

Josh: [00:14:29] So you have this incredibly rich experience where you’ve worked on a lot of projects. And I’m curious to know of all these projects that you’ve worked on, and you’ve taken on some of the hardest to figure out buildings in some of the most needed urban places of all of them that you’ve ever done. Like what’s your favorite project and why?

Eve: [00:14:50] This is like picking your favorite child. It’s very difficult to do. Oh, favourites, that’s really hard. So, They all have the pros and cons. But I would say … I think the most challenging for me were the most fun. I don’t know if I would call them my favorite, but that tiny house that I built in Garfield, 250 square feet of it, was the most challenging project I ever took on, by far. And it was challenging because it challenged zoning codes, building codes, financing. I mean, there were things I discovered along the way that we just never anticipated. I couldn’t get an appraisal for it because it was the first tiny house on a foundation in the tristate region. Therefore, I crowdfunded the debt, because I was not going to get a bank loan. It was extremely challenging, and I enjoy that. It’s solving an enormous puzzle and along the way you discover the pieces of it that you really need to address. I think I’m a design snob. I love great design and I love wonderful and beautiful buildings and places. But for me, I think the projects I’m proudest of are the ones that just didn’t look like they would ever work. And I, I got them to work through sheer tenacity. Many of my projects have design features that people point out, which really are not design features. I live in a loft with a polished concrete floor because we couldn’t afford to cover it with anything, you know. Three of the walls are concrete block for the same reason. Dutch helped me with these projects. So, he was an integral part of this. We used the raw materials that we knew we couldn’t get away from, to turn them into design features because that’s what the budget dictated. So, I don’t know if I have a favorite, but I think that’s my favorite part of building is really making something wonderful happen with the resources you have. Does that make sense?

Josh: [00:16:58] Yeah, absolutely. And that willingness to let the problem dictate the solution, in some ways flies in the face of probably some of the real estate advice you’ve been given along the way.

Eve: [00:17:11] Oh, yeah, that encapsulates it really well. That’s what I really enjoy.

Josh: [00:17:16] So, what other real estate advice have you been given, or have heard other people giving, that you don’t agree with? Because I love this contrarian line of thought.

Eve: [00:17:25] Real estate advice that I’ve discarded. I think probably the biggest one, and this may be a problem for me is that I fall in love with the buildings I buy. I really, I really love architecture and I love buildings. And so I become passionately entwined in my projects, which, you know, every big developer tells you never to do, you know? Be ready to walk away from a project if it doesn’t work. That is really hard for me. I can’t walk away. I spend a lot of time kind of pressing the challenge, trying to make it work. So, I think that’s probably the biggest advice I’ve ignored. Don’t become passionately involved in the buildings you choose to develop. For me, it matters. If I’m going to spend time on redeveloping a property, or building a new one, or maintaining it afterwards, managing it. I’ve got to love it. I really don’t want to be doing that, you know, with a Microtel in a suburb. That would be painful for me.

Josh: [00:18:28] Sure. Yeah. That relates to the piece of advice that I’ve been given that I just, sort of, fundamentally reject, which is that, you know, often times I’m working with large organizations, you know, companies, sometimes entire communities, sometimes foundations, sometimes family offices, and there’s still people who come to me and say, well, you have to understand that within that, real estate is a unique discipline. The buildings work differently and only developers understand how buildings work. And for me, again, a building is a machine for the maximization of human potential.

Eve: [00:19:04] I think that’s right.

Josh: [00:19:06] And so, if I’m advising a company to say, well, let’s not worry about what the lease is on this space, if you have 20 million dollars of payroll sitting in this building and the building could make those people 10 percent more productive, that will eclipse whatever the dollars in square foot price was at the bottom of the development deal.

Eve: [00:19:29] Right. It’s about change making, right?

Josh: [00:19:32] Real estate is a tool for transformation. Yep. It is not a warehouse for human beings. It is a tool for transformation. And if you look at what companies and communities and foundations and family offices are willing to spend on other tools for transformation, to then walk up to real estate and say, well, we should use the 300 year old model about competitive, you know, commodity prices per square feet. I think that’s just patently ridiculous.

Eve: [00:20:00] Well, you know, I think I bring that same thinking to small change the crowdfunding platform. I venture to say I’d be a lot further along with that business if I were willing to raise funds for any old project that came along. But I’m not. I’ve made it harder for myself, but also much more gratifying by insisting that Small Change is going to help transform places. And so, the projects we raise funds for really need to be making some change in some way, in the place they’re in. I really hope that takes hold. I believe there are lots of people who think about it, but it’s certainly not as many, and there’s not as many big dollars invested as your everyday, you know, development that you see pop up everywhere that all look the same over and over again. There’s far more money in those than these challenging little enterprises, right?

Josh: [00:20:59] Yeah. Yeah. Well, this might be leading the witness a little bit, but I’m curious, based upon that, if you had a magic wand and you could change anything about the development industry, overall, what is it that you would change? I’m sure it relates somehow to the projects that are getting done.

Eve: [00:21:18] Yeah, I mean, I think it goes back to the real estate industry. I think the zoning and financing are the key pieces for me. I wish there were a pool of funds, a bank, a group of banks that would support creative, ground-up projects that really offer the opportunity to stitch places and communities and cities together, and I wish they weren’t so much money being spent on the wrong type of projects in suburban places where you have to drive to them, which causes further pollution, where they really don’t face the street, that don’t add anything to the community there … as you said, warehouses for people. So, that’s what I would like to see change. How about you? What’s your magic wand? What would you like to see?

Josh: [00:22:11] For me on the magic wand, I feel like there is just a missing toolbox that fits between the landlord and the lessee. And so right now there’s a very traditional leasing model that sits between most landlords and lessees. And there’s about dollars and square feet and years. And I would create a much broader toolkit of options that says no matter what you need right now, here is a tool that might be able to help you as the entrepreneur and also benefit the landlord. And so, part of my background is working in creating entrepreneurial ecosystems. And so, I’ve worked with so many small businesses of so many sizes and stages of development, I know that most of them do one of two things. They either sign up for the wrong space and that becomes a particular detriment to them, or they avoid getting space for far too long. And that stunts their growth. And it’s because they’re terrified of, you know, they just got started five weeks ago and they’re asked to sign a five year lease and they don’t know what business is going to be like in, you know, five months, much less five years.

Eve: [00:23:26] Yes, I know.

Josh: [00:23:27] So, creating a much broader toolkit that allows you to nurture an ecosystem of tenants through the maximization of their potential. And I believe that tenants will pay for the arbitrage, like they’ll pay for you to direct them. And we’ve seen this with the We Works and Industrious’ of the world. They’re realizing, like, people will pay for optionality and therefore the landlord can be made whole, and sometimes above whole. But I’m super excited for that toolkit. If I had the magic wand then I would accelerate that toolkit to where there was a whole suite of services available to every potential lessee from every landlord. And then it wouldn’t be necessarily cumbersome or it wouldn’t be, like, finding a unicorn when you’re in a city trying to get a business off the ground.

Eve: [00:24:19] But then, you know, you’d have to work with me on my magic wand, because as the landlord, when I go to the bank with the building and I want to refinance it, the first thing they look at is the length of the lease. The leases that we have on the building. And so, if I have a building providing optionality and I’ve been in this position, even if I have a history with that bank and have never missed a payment, they probably won’t come to the table with a loan. This is why I think, you know, some of these boring things like banking are really critical. So, if we were to develop that toolkit, I’d be right there looking for banks that would support it.

Josh: [00:24:57] I think the toolkit requires a new capital class, and that’s the conundrum of it.

Eve: [00:25:02] That’s right.

Josh: [00:25:03] But if we can make that clear, I actually do believe that there are capital providers that would be interested in that capital class. If you look at the impact funders that want to see the stagnation of small business development in the United States offset, this would be one of the ways to do that. Because you could better incubate small businesses if they had the appropriate arrangements and services in order to grow.

Eve: [00:25:29] Yeah, I think it’s right. I think you just they’re all so intertwined. It’s not a small problem.

Josh: [00:25:36] No.

Eve: [00:25:37] But I have to ask you, like, we’re forming this company, Small Change Advisors, the three of us together. What roles would you love to be involved in as a Small Change Advisor? How do you think we can help people?

Josh: [00:25:50] Yeah, well, I guess we kind of buried the lede from the audio side of things, which is we’ve been working together on Saturday mornings and we finally got to a point where we were like, hey, enough people are asking for these services that we’ve got to do something about it.

Eve: [00:26:04] That’s right.

Josh: [00:26:05] So, we said, OK, well, the easiest thing to do is extend off from the Small Change platform and all the success that you’ve already created there, and the deals that you’ve helped people get done, and form Small Change Advisors. Because we are seeing these companies, these communities, these foundations and these family offices that are trying to figure this out. So, my life mission is to strengthen the humanity immune system. And what I mean by that is I believe the more people that are equipped and empowered to be agents of change, the better off the world will be. And I don’t just mean individual people organizing in their neighborhoods. That’s important. But I think that companies, communities, like entire communities, again these these family offices, these foundations can be equipped to be agents of change. And so what I hope we can do with Small Change Advisors is accelerate the amount of people that are thinking about real estate in these ways that you and I have been looking at it for the last 10, 15, 20 years, the same way that Dutch looks at it, which is, as a tool for transformation for communities, you know, as a great benefit both to the organizations that are doing them, but also to the communities that surround them. And as a overarchingly source of abundance for, you know, a lot of post-industrial places that we work in that have forgotten what abundance looks like.

Eve: [00:27:33] So what is a dream project? Look like them? Like an example of one?

Josh: [00:27:38] Yeah. So, I’m super lucky in that I get to work on a couple of dream projects right now. And the one that’s public facing that I get to help out with is Ford Motor Company’s work on Michigan Central and Detroit. And Michigan Central is a development that’s anchored by Michigan Central Station, which is the Beaux Arts station that’s been abandoned for about 30 years that is designed by the same folks who designed Grand Central Station in New York. And Ford is turning that into a mobility innovation district and a place of discovery for the future of mobility. And so, working to support a company and a community like Detroit, a neighborhood like Corktown, and to think about how you create new products and services, how you create jobs for a community, how you create a place that’s more dynamic and attractive, like that’s the sort of dream project. And so, I got to work in Downtown Detroit on similar stuff. I was at Rock Ventures and we worked on the acquisition and the transformation of over 10 million square feet. But that sort of size and scale is what I’m super fascinated with, because I’m seeing non-traditional actors in the real estate world intervene and say we’re going to make our places better. We have to, it’s table stakes for retaining and attracting the best employees. And it’s also the right thing to do for the communities that we call home. And so, those are sort of dream projects that I get to work on now. I’m interested in that same question for you as well. And then I’ve got another question behind that.

Eve: [00:29:19] I’ve got a variety of dream projects. One of my big dream projects is that someone approaches Small Change who gets that it is a tool for them, to really remake an entire place. That they can raise a bunch of small raises with people from the neighborhood investing in a variety of buildings, maybe even, you know, your project in Michigan. You know, you open the door for neighborhood investors in each project that is built. But you can also do much larger raises and let much larger investors in as well. So, that over time the people who live there can enjoy the increased value of that asset. I would love someone to come along with something that scale and sort of realize the potential of how we can help to generate wealth over a long period of time. I’d also love to create a Small Change fund. So far we’ve been working on individual project basis, but there are some securities tools out there, Regulation A in particular, that I think could really be used to create a large fund which lets everyone over the age of 18 invest, and really puts our theories to work on where investments should be made, where they’re not being made right now, to sort of build community. I think those are probably my two top picks. I have like little dream projects for real estate as well. But we won’t talk about those.

Josh: [00:30:51] Yeah, yeah. Those are super exciting and I think we’re lucky to be working on the projects we already are. And I can see these new things on the horizon. Beyond those projects they inform a larger, more audacious goal. And so much of what has attracted me to spend the time with you and Dutch every Saturday morning, and to want to be a part of Small Change, and that’s a broader democratization. So, you referenced it that there and community participation. But could you talk a little bit more about that big audacious goal, what you’d like to see for real estate and investment overall? If we could fly back down in 100 years and look at the world, how would it be different because Small Change has been around?

Eve: [00:31:38] Well, I mean, Small Change is sort of tackling, we’re right at the beginning of tackling the democratization of investment. And until these new securities laws were written in 2016, regulation crowdfunding, unaccredited investors could, or non-accredited investors could not invest. Investment in real estate was only for the elite, for the three percent that have a minimum net worth of one million dollars without their primary residence, or 200,000 dollars a year in income. And even then, that elite would have to know someone in the real estate business to be able to invest. So, the places where money was coming from was altogether very limited. And what I learned in my work in Pittsburgh is that people have a palpable need, a desire, to be part of improving their city and they look for ways to do that. I mean, this is one of the key things I learnt in Pittsburgh. It’s extremely powerful. And I really believe that giving them an opportunity to invest at some small level is the right thing to do. In the long run, it will benefit the city and make it a stronger, more tightly-knit place. Does that make sense?

Josh: [00:33:00] Yes, absolutely.

Eve: [00:33:03] That’s one, what the hopes are, that somehow Small Change can become a community banking system of sorts and fill in where financial institutions just don’t want to go right now. Or can’t go right now, for whatever reason. It’s a big, hairy, audacious goal.

Josh: [00:33:21] Yeh, and it’s also such a beautiful dream. And so I’m grateful to you for inviting Dutch and I into the fold. I’m super excited about us forming Small Change Advisors. And I do know from my days in fundraising that you don’t get anything that you don’t ask for. So, I guess as we sort of wrap up this first session, and I made a bunch of notes. It feels like we’ve got a lot more things to talk about. We should say to the folks that are listening, if you are a company, a community, a foundation or a family office, and you’re trying to figure out a project that aligns with this dream of democratizing real estate finance and building better places through these progressive real estate projects, we’d love to talk to you. And also, if you are somebody that has built a tool, created a solution that you think may help along this goal, too, or you’re interested in what we’re going to do as a team, as Small Change Advisors reach out to us as well. Because this is a mission that about a lot more than a traditional company would have. And so we’re going to need all the help we can get along the way.

Eve: [00:34:29] And I would say a final thing is if you have something that you’d like us to talk about, let us know. We plan a couple of conversations like this, and one of you out there may have an idea that hadn’t occurred to us. So, please be in touch.

Josh: [00:34:44] Yeah. Yeah. So, on the horizon, space as a product versus space as a service, continuously variable financing, monetizing public amenities, and the specifics of involving the crowd in the finance stack are all things that are on my notes for additional discussion. So, again, thank you for the invitation to talk.

Eve: [00:35:07] Oh, thank you very much. I’m looking forward to the next one.

Josh: [00:35:10] Thank you.

Eve: [00:35:25] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website, EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with Josh and I today. There’ll be more to come soon. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Images courtesy of For Purpose and Small Change Advisors.

Hello, Neighbor.

December 16, 2020

Max Levine’s organization, NICO (Neighborhood Investment Company), has a mission “to localize wealth creation and broaden access to neighborhood equity.” The Los Angeles neighborhood Max lives in, Echo Park, has an income average of $40,000, whereas the average home is valued at $900,000 – an enormous discrepancy. Max and his business partner, John Chaffetz, began exploring the gap between home ownership and renting, testing financial models of what might fall in between. They ended up with the innovative idea of a neighborhood REIT (real estate investment trust) that would allow members of a local community, property owners and tenants, to literally invest in the place that they live by buying shares of local properties owned by an investment trust. Their first effort is NICO Echo Park, with an initial portfolio of three rent-stabilized apartment buildings.

NICO, not surprisingly modeled as a B-Corp, aims instead to create both societal benefit as well as modest financial growth. By taking the REIT structure and applying it at the local level, stakeholders who want to have a financial stake in their neighborhood can buy shares, starting at only $100. They can make a one-time token investment or make monthly investments to build up a deeper, long-term commitment. In addition, NICO has given each of the tenants in their buildings $1,000 worth of shares. 

Though now in LA, Max spent his working career mostly in New York City, as a financial analyst and later as CFO at Storage Deluxe, a self-storage giant, with a stint working on their subsidiary, UOVO Fine Art Storage. He even took an entrepreneurial break to open a delicatessen in Brooklyn. He is also a member of Top Tier Impact, a small, global community of investors, entrepreneurs and experts whose goal is to “accelerate mainstream adoption of impact and sustainability as the way of investing and running companies.”

Insights and Inspirations

  • Home is neighborhood. It’s a unit of organization.
  • With NICO, Max wants to create a new housing typology, located between renting and home ownership.
  • There’s a lot of love in neighborhoods. And that’s super-exciting!
  • The relationship between residents and property owners, or landlords and tenants, needs to be radically reframed. 

Information and Links

  • Max has been listening to the amazing music and programming from their friends at Dublab, and which has helped keep their spirits high during the last year.
  • He and his team are super-proud of the work that Helen Leung and the team at LA Mas have done to help coordinate the Northeast LA Community Response to the Covid-19 emergency. Helen is a board member of NICO Echo Park, Benefit Corp.
  • Max also wanted to highlight the work of Women’s Center for Creative Work, which has also inspired them. 
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:11] Hi there, thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing. My guest today is Max Levine, founder of NICO. A few years ago, Max noticed a very big gap between traditional home ownership and renting, and he wondered what might fall in between. At the same time, he wanted to explore how to create localized wealth and neighborhood equity, and he found the solution to his quest at his own back door. In Echo Park, the neighborhood he lives in, a highly diverse neighborhood, incomes average forty thousand dollars, yet the average home sells for nine hundred thousand. Max took a huge leap in order to bridge that gap by creating NICO, a neighborhood investment company, or REIT through NICO locals can literally invest in the place that they live in by buying shares of local properties owned by NICO. But Max doesn’t want to stop there. Listen in to hear more. And be sure to go to EvePicker.com to read the show notes page for this episode. You can sign up for my newsletter so you can get access to information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve: [00:01:50] Hello, Max, thanks so much for joining me today.

Max Levine: [00:01:53] Yeah, thank you so much for having me. It’s great to be here with you.

Eve: [00:01:57] So, I’m really fascinated to hear, because like me you’ve plunged into the fintech crowdfunding world to solve a problem. And I think your NICO is sort of a version of Small Change, although a little bit different as we’re going to discover. So, it’s really nice to interview someone in the same industry.

Max: [00:02:15] Absolutely. Great to connect with you.

Eve: [00:02:19] First, I wanted to ask you what problem you’re trying to solve.

Max: [00:02:21] NICO really started, NICO stands for the “neighborhood investment company” and we really started, really with an observation of just how broken housing in this country is. And initially, we sort of were focused on thinking about, you know on one hand, you have traditional home-ownership which is held up, you know, sort of the American dream and this example of what Americans should aspire to, sort of the responsible thing. But it’s so out of reach for so many people. And, you know, on the other hand, you have renting, which is more accessible, lower barrier to entry, certainly more flexible. And for us, you know, housing as being this sort of, I’ll use the word “choice,” but it’s not really a choice for so many people because homeownership is still out of reach.

Eve: [00:03:13] Yeh, that’s right.

Max: [00:03:13] But there’s these two options, right? And so initially we start to think about how could we play a role in creating the third option that sits in between traditional homeownership and renting, one that confers some of the benefits of traditional homeownership, you know, the opportunity for wealth creation and connection to place and sort of putting down roots. And on the other hand, you know, was sort of flexible and more accessible the way that renting is. And so, that was sort of the first observation is, you know, if you were going to design a housing system for today’s world to reflect the realities of the real economy today, our thesis is the system would probably not look too similar to the system we have in place. And our, you know, vision is to try and create, you know, really a new product that is more in line with the way the economy is working today and specifically around access to capital and opportunities for wealth creation for folks.

Eve: [00:04:10] Right, Yeh, I always think of rental as not providing comfortable stability.

Max: [00:04:16] Yeh.

Eve: [00:04:16] For example, when places gentrify you can’t be certain that your home won’t be taken away from you, which is troubling.

Max: [00:04:23] Yeah, correct. Right. And I would say it’s even deeper than that. You know, I think that’s a big element. Housing stability and security is a big element of it. I mean, even the word, right? Even the words “landlord” and “tenant”.

Eve: [00:04:36] Um hmm.

Max: [00:04:36] And those are words that are rooted in medieval servitude. Right? That whole paradigm and the whole way that that relationship is set out is one that is, you know, not rooted generally in equity or respect. Right? And so, I think there’s also sort of an element where that relationship between, you know, residents and property owners or landlords and tenants, needs to be radically reframed. And I think housing stability and security is a big part of the outcome of what that could look like. But I think there are other ones as well. For instance, I think there’s a real bias against renting as an option. I think it’s viewed as being ‘less than’ homeownership.

Eve: [00:05:22] Right.

Max: [00:05:22] And I think that narrative that exists really broadly needs to change because the reality is, you know, renting is. If it evolves a bit, I think has the potential to be a better option than homeownership for a lot of folks.

Eve: [00:05:37] Yes. yup.

Max: [00:05:38] And that’s part of the future that we’re trying to build through our product.

[00:05:42] And I would say the other, you know, sort of big thing that we’re trying to solve for is, you know, when you ask people where they live, where home is, you know, nine out of 10 times they’ll say, I live in Echo Park or I live in Inwood or I live in Greenpoint. They’ll sort of lead with the neighborhood, right? For us at NICO. The neighborhood as a unit of organization, to us, is sort of the most important of social organization that we have, right? Because it’s larger than your family unit, but it’s still close enough and personal enough that you develop really meaningful connections with folks in your community, whether they’re neighbors or small business owners or organizations that you support or volunteer with. And so, for us in thinking about how to create a new housing typology in between renting and homeownership, it was really important to think about how we could sort of give the appropriate place and the appropriate role to the neighborhood. And NICO, which is the neighborhood investment company, is really sort of come out of both of those lines of inquiry.

Eve: [00:06:54] That’s interesting. So, how does NICO work?

Max: [00:06:58] We have launched what we believe is the world’s first neighborhood “real estate investment trust” or neighborhood REIT. And what that means is that, you know, we’re a real estate investment company that owns a portfolio of income-producing properties and potentially other real estate-related investments, within a specific neighborhood. And so, the first neighborhood REIT is here in Echo Park, in Los Angeles. It’s called NICO Echo Park Benefit Corp. And it’s a company that has a share structure that owns portfolio property. Today, we own three rent-stabilized multifamily apartment buildings, one of which is a mixed-use building with some retail on Sunset Boulevard. And people can invest into the REIT through our website, mynico.com, and become shareholders in the company that owns this portfolio of property. And our vision with this and our, you know, what we’re trying to sort of build is we want to create an opportunity for thousands of people within a community, many of whom, in the case of Echo Park, most of whom are excluded from being homeowners, we want to create a way for them to be able to build wealth, build belonging and sort of participate as primary financial stakeholders in their neighborhood through a responsibly managed, impact-focused, neighborhood investment company. And that’s what it is.

Eve: [00:08:29] So, why Echo Park?

Max: [00:08:32] There’s a lot of reasons why Echo Park, but I don’t think that this concept is limited to Echo Park. I think some of the dynamics that are playing out in Echo Park and have played at in Echo Park are playing out in communities all over the country. Some of these reasons are sort of specific to Echo Park and some, I think, are speaking to the broader dynamic that we see in communities like Echo Park all over the country. So, the first thing I would say is that Echo Park is an incredible dynamic beloved neighborhood. Dodger Stadium is here. There’s an incredible music and creative community that’s been here for a long time. And, you know, people who live in Echo Park choose to live there because they love what this community is about, and it is speaking to them and it’s the place that they want to call home. So, there’s a lot of neighborhood love here. At the same time, you know, the median household income in Echo Park is approximately forty thousand dollars a year. The average home price is over nine hundred thousand dollars, and, you know, about seventy five percent of the households in the neighborhood are renter households, right? And so, that speaks to this huge gap where homeownership is really out of reach for a lot of folks, right?

Eve: [00:09:51] Yes.

Max: [00:09:52] And there’s a lot of love and there’s, you know, a desire to be more secure, qnd being a resident of this community and, you know, Echo Park has experienced significant amount of gentrification. It’s a neighborhood that has experienced a lot of change over the last 20 years, I would say, you know, maybe especially over the last 10 years. And that dynamic creates, which we primarily view through a lens of inclusion or exclusion, right? Who is benefiting, who is accruing benefit from this change, who is being harmed by the change? And so, this dynamic where people love their neighborhood, they’re excluded from being homeowners because it’s just too out of reach, and the neighborhood is changing in a way that feels kind of out of control. You know, we want to create a way that over time, and this isn’t something that can be sort of solved in six months or a year or even five years, but we think over 10 years or 15 years or 20 years, if you have a way for many more people, radically more people within the community to be able to build wealth in a fair, flexible, incremental way, we think that that could drive some very, very special outcomes relative to the current paradigm, if those people are able to build wealth through investing in their community.

Eve: [00:11:12] So, can anyone invest, or do you restrict investment to locals or people who live in Echo Park?

Max: [00:11:19] Yeah, so investment is open to local people and to non-local people. Within the REIT, we have two classes of shares. We have a class of local shares, Class L shares and a class of non-local shares. And so, it’s open to both groups, though the local shareholders have some benefits on some concrete terms of the offering, like the redemption plan, which is how people would request to get their money out. Or, and also, and you know I’d love to talk a little bit more about this, we’re a benefit corporation. You know, sort of at our, at a DNA level for our company, we have a legal responsibility to balance financial returns to our shareholders with social and environmental impact of our business on stakeholders, right? So, on a group of people beyond just our shareholders. And our local shareholders are one of the key stakeholder groups that we will count on to help inform specifically our non-financial objectives and our non-financial measurement and performance.

Eve: [00:12:19] Right. So, what percentage of your investors actually live in the neighborhood, to date? I know that might change, but I’d be interested to know that.

Max: [00:12:28] We launched the offering, and I should say the offering itself is a Reg A+ offering, which means that NICO Echo Park is a public, non-listed REIT. So, we’re regulated by the SEC, you know, there’s a lot of sort of robust reporting, audited financials, all sorts of stuff like that.

Eve: [00:12:49] Oh, I know it well.

Max: [00:12:50] Yeh. And what that allows us to do is, whereas many real estate investments, most real estate investments are only open to, you know, what the government calls accredited investors, which is another way of saying rich people, By being a public company, and using this type of offering, we’re open to both accredited investors and non-accredited investors or non-wealthy people. And so, we’ve set our investment minimum at one hundred dollars, which is very low for this type of offering. And our, you know, objective in that is to make sure that as many people as want to, within the community and nationally, have the opportunity to support this model and participate in this model. We haven’t publicly disclosed the breakdown between local and non-local investors, so far. I think that we’ll probably do that on our supplemental filing. That’ll be coming up pretty soon. So, I’m going to sort of hold on answering that question. It’s a significant portion of the investors who’ve come through the offering.

Eve: [00:13:52] Yeh, yeh. Well, that’s really good to hear. That’s what I hope will happen. So, when when someone invests 100 dollars, what do they get?

Max: [00:13:59] Anyone who invests into the offering becomes a shareholder in the company that ultimately owns the portfolio properties. And so, you know, people who become shareholders, they own shares in NICO Echo Park Benefit Corp. And what accrues to them are, you know, sort of the pro-rata profit and appreciation that we expect to generate as long-term owners of these properties. And I’ll also say that, you know, one question that comes up a lot is people want to know whether investing in this means they own a specific unit or a specific property. You know, the answer to that is, is no. They become a shareholder in the whole portfolio and the portfolio, you know, we expect to grow it pretty substantially over time. So, it’s not just investing into the properties that we own today. It’s also investing into the company that will own additional real estate assets within the neighborhood, as we grow it.

Eve: [00:14:56] So, they’re really in it with you. And that’s a pretty big responsibility for you, I imagine. That’s how it feels.

Max: [00:15:02] We view it as a big responsibility, you know. And I would say the big responsibility is sort of two-fold, I should say, at least two-fold. One is, when you take investor capital, you know, they’re trusting you to make decisions on their behalf, you know,  and be stewards of that capital. So, I’d say that’s one level of responsibility that we view. And I would say the other, you know, sort of major level is this approach to neighborhood investment through a benefit corporation structure, through a neighborhood REIT, this is really the first of its kind, right? In a lot of ways. And so, you know, we have a responsibility to be incredibly thoughtful and understand, you know, the context that we’re coming into and, you know, in the neighborhoods where we’ll be active in pursuing this model, and I think we’ve set a very high bar for ourselves, right? We’ve set …

Eve: [00:15:55] Yes.

Max: [00:15:55] … a bar where, you know, we are trying to balance financial returns to our shareholders. And we believe that the market-oriented solutions are an important part of, you know, what moving through this pain that so many people are in around housing in their community. We think more market-oriented solutions are a big part of that solve, and that balancing, you know, it’s going to take some time to get right, right? And I think that we have sort of designed our, our impact framework and our product in a way that is intended to evolve with stakeholder input over time, right? So, we aren’t making a claim that, hey, this is what it is and we’re going to get it exactly right. I think we built it in a way that gives it space to evolve into what it needs to be in response to, you know, stakeholder input and feedback and sort of our community over time. And balancing all those things will be a challenge, you know, but that’s the challenge that we’ve signed up for and that’s the future that we’re trying to create.

Eve: [00:16:57] Yeah, I mean, we have non-accredited investors as well on Small Change and I sometimes think that one needs to feel even more responsible for 100 dollars when it comes from someone who doesn’t have a lot more. It’s maybe more meaningful.

Max: [00:17:13] Yeah

Eve: [00:17:13] I don’t really know how to put it, but that 100 dollars is a stretch for a lot of people. And so, there’s this extra feeling of responsibility around it.

Max: [00:17:23] Yeah, we certainly feel that way.

Eve: [00:17:26] You know, under a Regulation A+ offering, you can, at the moment, raise up to 50 million dollars. Is that right or is it 50 million a year? I can’t remember.

Max: [00:17:34] It’s 50 million per year. Yeh, we can raise up to 50 million per year.

Eve: [00:17:38] And, is that what you hope to raise?

Max: [00:17:41] Yeah, so, you know, to date, we’ve raised, prior to launching the offering, raised about 30 million dollars of real estate, debt and equity capital. We used that to acquire the seed assets. Since launching the offering, we’ve added to that. And I wouldn’t say it’s my expectation that we’re going to raise 50 million dollars, you know, in the first year or two, because I think the nature of the problem that we’re trying to solve, or the problem that we’re trying to be part of solving is, you know, that folks who have been excluded from wealth creation, they don’t have 50 million bucks sitting around, right?

Eve: [00:18:17] Yeh. And it takes a lot of education. I think real estate investment is difficult and requires a lot of education as well. So, it is, it’s hard. Yeh.

Max: [00:18:29] Yes. I would say we hope to make really good use of the offering, but our priority is less about how much money we bring into the offering and more about how many people, specifically how many local investors, are participating in the model. That’s really our, you know, sort of North Star for the next couple of years.

Eve: [00:18:50] So, how long will this offering, or this REIT remain open?

Max: [00:18:55] So, again, I have to be a little careful about what I say with securities law. So, I don’t want to sound evasive. My understanding is that we can keep it open on a rolling, permanent or semi-permanent basis, subject to renewing some of the paperwork. So it’s out intention to basically keep it open.

Eve: [00:19:14] Ok, that’s pretty exciting. So, can you tell me a little bit more about the buildings in the IT and how you’re hoping to expand your portfolio? I heard you say that some or all of them are rent stabilized. Can you expand on that a little bit?

Max: [00:19:31] All of the buildings that we own today are rent stabilized. We’re not limited at the REIT to only investing in rent stabilized buildings, but we like that asset class. We like that type of building a lot. When I say rent stabilized, I’m talking about in the city of Los Angeles, there’s a rent stabilization ordinance, which is a very broad program. Any multifamily buildings, which I think is two or more units that were built prior to 1979, are part of this program, as a default. So, it covers, you  know, a significant portion of the multifamily housing stock in the city of Los Angeles. And, you know, what that program currently does is basically puts very strong protections in place for existing tenants, right? And so, the amount that property owners can raise rents on existing tenants is capped at a rate set by the city, for example, and it’s more regulated than market units. So, we really like, you know, those protections. And, you know, we are, as I mentioned earlier, we’re sort of trying to reframe this relationship between, you know, residents and property owners where landlords and tenants, in industry speak, and we love the fact that we can invest in assets where strong protections for tenants are built into the asset price. We sort of love that as an asset class. The buildings themselves, there are three buildings that are all in core Echo Park. We have one at 1650 Echo Park, I have one at 1416 Echo Park, which is a block off the intersection of Echo Park and Sunset. And then we have a property at 1461 Sunset, which is a few blocks down Sunset from Echo Park. So, they’re very proximately located, the portfolio totals 80 residential units and four retail stores, all of which are occupied by locally owned small businesses. And, you know, we are targeting future investments that are rent stabilized, some that are, you know, maybe retail investments, some non-rent stabilized properties, mixed-use properties. And, you know, our investment parameter is sort of, its geographic, like it’s not limited to Echo Park. So, the way the offering describes our investment parameters are, you know, Echo Park, Silver Lake and proximate communities. So, that gives us a bit of room to look …

Eve: [00:21:54] Ok.

Max: [00:21:54] … beyond core Echo Park, though our initial portfolio is very concentrated, you know, historically significant, you know. All of the assets were built in the 19 …. I want to say the 1920s, approximately, though if we’ve got any history buffs on here, there might be, you know, 10 years plus or minus on that. But they’re all sort of very recognizable buildings that have been part of the community for a long time. And, you know, part of what that, coupled with the protections under the RSO program does, it means that the buildings are occupied by a really socio-economically diverse set of residents. And that also is, you know, important to the type of product and community and inclusion that we’re trying to build through our product.

Eve: [00:22:38] So, we have a rent stabilized building. Is it hard to make enough money to cover the expenses? And how do you cope with that? You know, you have pretty lofty goals here in keeping costs reined in is … hard.

Max: [00:22:52] I would say that all of the assets, you know, like asset prices, just, this is more broadly than our building, but asset prices really reflect expected future returns, right. And so all of the properties are comfortably covering their expenses, comfortably covering their debt service. They’re all conservatively financed with long-term fixed-rate debt capital. And the portfolio has been highly occupied since we acquired it. So, you know, we continue to manage to a high level of occupancy. And the pricing of the assets and the way these types of assets are priced and valued is reflective of the protections that are in place. And so, they’re all doing great on a property level.

Eve: [00:23:36] So, I have to say, it’s a lot, and kudos to you. You actually, three companies in one. Real estate development, management company and a crowdfunding platform. And that’s a lot.

Max: [00:23:48] Well, I would say that we’re not really a real estate developer. So, you know, we won’t do, as we’re currently set up now and under the terms of the offering, you know, we’re really not set up to do ground up development or to do even substantial renovations.

Eve: [00:24:03] Well, real estate owner, then, which is different than property manager.

Max: [00:24:07] That’s true. Yes. So, we’re really an asset manager, a property manager. And then we have, you know, the offering and the sort of capabilities that go with managing that type of property.

Eve: [00:24:17] Yeh. So, how do you hope to scale?

Max: [00:24:22] Yeh, so we have ambitious goals for this company, and I would say that, you know, we hope to be doing sort of regular acquisitions into NICO Echo Park over the next number of years. I’m not sure exactly what that looks like from a number of units or a capital investment standpoint, but we believe that this neighborhood, you know, has the opportunity to grow pretty substantially and to grow our impact and grow, you know, the model. And then, you know, separate apart from that, we’re actually in a in sort of a fourth line of business, which is, we have a non-real estate owning sponsor company, which actually owns sort of the functions that you outlined before. And through our structure, you know, we seek and expect to be launching additional neighborhood REITS in other neighborhoods around the country, probably starting next year.

Eve: [00:25:15] Wow. Okay, big goals. So, what’s the biggest challenge you’ve had?

Max: [00:25:22] It’s a great question. I mean, running a company through a pandemic has certainly been challenging …

Eve: [00:25:28] Oh yeh.

Max: [00:25:28] ,,, Having a team that is, you know, very much in sort of the formation phase and, you know, team building phase have to go remote and get to know each other over Zoom, you know. We have team members who have not met in person. People who have joined our team since the pandemic started. And so, I think that’s a challenge. And I think the other, I would say the sort of more macro challenge is that what we’re doing is a bit counterintuitive, right? It’s on a populist level, it’s a bit counterintuitive. And so, what I mean by that is to say that the relationship that we are trying to realign, you know, at its core is really kind of the relationship between investment capital and what motivates it and how it defines success, with people in communities like Echo Park who’ve had a pretty negative relationship with investment capital, right? Because they’ve been excluded from it. And it’s come in and I think the perception, which I believe is largely, you know, accurate, is that when capital comes in it typically means that there is risk to me as a long-time resident. Risk to me and risk to my neighbors as long-term residents. And so, I think that trying to start to solve some of these issues through being an investment company, I think that’s a bit of a barrier for people to get over. And I think that’s pretty fair and pretty deserved. But, you know, our model is such that we’re really sort of taking that on, and, you know, I think the great sort of untold story of gentrification and neighborhood change is that real estate, you know, really was not an institutional mainstream institutional asset class 20, 25 years ago, right? And now it is.

Eve: [00:27:19] Yes.

Max: [00:27:19] It’s a big part of the allocation. And so, I don’t think that capital is the only sort of factor. I think the housing shortages is also one. And I think, you know, there’s a lot of other ones. But, you know, the pressure that that huge, organized flow of capital has put on, you know, neighborhoods like Echo Park is really hard to understate. And so, to our view, to NICO’s view and to our theory of change, until that powerful, large flow of investment capital can be realigned to actually be viewed as a tool and a resource for stabilizing communities, and including folks who are previously excluded in the wealth that’s created through that investment, we’re not going to be able to really solve, you know, these issues at a level, right? And so, I think it’s a bit of a counterintuitive move for people who are used to viewing investment capital or a company or an investment company in a specific way, which is this feels like a threat to me and my neighbors, into something where this offering and this way of being can actually help to stabilize this community and help to drive the types of outcomes that are important to me, you know, in my own community.

Eve: [00:28:41] Yeah.

Max: [00:28:41] I think that’s sort of a lot to get your head around. And we understand that that will take time. And where the rubber hits the road is sort of our actions and the way that we’re managing this portfolio and balancing our various priorities. You know, are we doing that in a way that is genuine and, you know, sort of worthy of people’s trust, right? And that’ll take some time to to earn that, and that’s part of our journey here.

Eve: [00:29:08] Yes, yeh. You know, just shifting gears a little bit, are there any other current trends or innovations in real estate that you think are really important to the future of cities or be a future of housing?

Max: [00:29:21] I think that the sort of renewed focus now on the equity or dis-equity that’s built into the public realm, and also into the sort of planning process …

Eve: [00:29:32] Yes, yeh. I’ve been watching that. It’s interesting.

Max: [00:29:35] I think that conversation is super-exciting and has the opportunity to really reframe how people and how communities are able to have agency in terms of what happens within their community. I think public projects, public space projects, development projects, you know, we’re certainly seeing and starting to feel within the sort of the real estate industry the pressure that comes with that, you know. And I think there’s a genuine attempt by, you know, more and more private sector actors to take that seriously, and to legitimately and earnestly try and figure out how to be engaged with the community and to, beyond just sort of the tokenism of, hey, we’ll throw in a garden, have a couple of feedback meetings or something like that, like I think there’s sort of the start of a groundswell of, you know, we need to build equity into how we think about …

Eve: [00:30:35] Right.

[00:30:35] … development in the public realm. I think that’s super-interesting and very important. And I hope we can play a role in that. And then I think things like technology that is helping to create more efficient, less expensive, quicker ways to actually generate, you know, new housing. You know, there’s no path out of this housing crisis that doesn’t come with building a lot more housing. That’s not the business that we’re in. But I think that construction is super-painful, and it’s sort of in the Stone Age, right? In terms of how that process actually works on a deal level. And so, I think anything that makes that process, you know, more transparent, more noble and less risky, more scalable, will help to create a lot more housing. So, I’m very excited about that.

Eve: [00:31:22] Yeh.

Max: [00:31:22] And I would also say that the sort of, you know, more broadly, shift in focus by institutions and family offices and, you know, other sort of sources of that mainstream real estate investment capital toward strategies that are legitimately ESG strategies or impact strategies, I think that is super-exciting and very important. And for us, we always come back to what is that relationship between capital and what capital is seeking to do, and how is that aligned with the financial and non-financial impact of communities and people in communities, right? And so, I think that shift in awareness and that shift in priority towards strategies that are legitimately focused on ESG and impact, I think that’s a great first step in starting to reframe that relationship at scale.

Eve: [00:32:18] Yeah, because in the end, without shifting capital, not much is going to happen.

Max: [00:32:25] Right. And if you think about affordable housing as a, as an example of this, like, we’re pro affordable housing, you know, but the structural limitation of subsidized affordable housing …

Eve: [00:32:38] It’s huge.

Max: [00:32:38] … is that it requires a subsidy, right? And so, like, the subsidy that it requires is limited. Right? And therefore, there’s only so many tax credits that go out every year.

Eve: [00:32:50] And it’s time consuming. It doesn’t let you produce affordable housing fast, which we need to do.

Max: [00:32:56] Yeah, exactly. And so, we come to this place and NICO is really built around this theory of change, that until market forces of capital, right? Until market rate capital, which is a huge, you know, effectively it’s an infinite pool when you think about how the capital gets recycled, until the priorities of that change, and until the structures around that change to be focused on delivering financial returns and acknowledging the non-financial impact that that capital has. Until that happens, the scale of any potential solutions that count on subsidy or philanthropy, which is a form of subsidy, it’s, the scale of that potential impact is just limited when you look at the scale of the market.

Eve: [00:33:44] Yup.

Max: [00:33:44] So, we’re excited to start to see that shift a little bit.

Eve: [00:33:49] Well, this is something that’s been really interesting, and I’ve really enjoyed learning about NICO, and I’m especially looking forward to see what comes next. So, thank you very much for joining me.

Max: [00:33:59] Great. Thank you so much, Eve. And thank you also for all the work you’ve done over the years with Small Change, with impact real estate. We’re huge fans of it and very appreciative for your leadership in our nascent industry.

Eve: [00:34:24] That was Max Levine. His life is focused on building equity through real estate. With NICO, he’s working to bridge the gap between those who own assets and those who don’t. If you live in Echo Park, you can invest in Echo Park, and what you invest in will ensure that the neighborhood remains available to everyone. For everyone. NICO’s first three buildings are rent stabilized. It’s a very big goal and Max is chipping away at it.

Eve: [00:35:05] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website, EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Max, for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Max Levine/NICO Benefit Corp.

One room at a time.

December 9, 2020

Atticus LeBlanc is the founder of Padsplit, a technology platform dedicated to affordable housing, with no barriers of entry. Atticus, who studied architecture and urban studies at Yale, has been an affordable housing advocate and real estate investor for over a decade, with a company that owns and manages over 550 affordable residential units. But he founded Padsplit with a much bigger goal in mind. He wants to dramatically change how we address affordable housing by using space that is now under-used – whether in our own house or a rental property. He wants to make every available room a safe, clean home for someone who really needs it, all while providing a fair return to homeowners.

PadSplit’s platform allows homeowners to list a room, or to work with local contractors to reconfigure a house to optimize the space for multiple tenants. PadSplit houses typically offer five to eight furnished bedrooms, with shared bathrooms, kitchen, dining, and laundry rooms (no living rooms), with all utilities, internet and a cleaning service included, for a weekly rent. To rapidly provide new affordable housing in our changing economy, Atticus wants PadSplit to take hold in a really big way. So, he’s planning to grow the 1,100 rooms that are on PadSplit today, to many hundreds of thousands of rooms. PadSplit is his moonshot. 

Atticus has written in-depth Op-Ed pieces for the Forbes Real Estate Council blog, is the co-chair of ULI’s UrbanPlan Education Initiative, and he co-chaired the Design For Affordability Task Force in 2018.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Atticus wonders how we’ll ever catch up on the affordable housing we need to build if we don’t think differently.
  • Every spare, unused room can be a fresh start, and safe home, for someone who needs it.
  • PadSplit is a private market solution to a problem that is generally managed inefficiently with subsidies.
  • PadSplits are generally located near public transit.
  • No traditional corporate leases. No deposits. Month to month. Fully furnished. Stay a month or stay a year. People can live in PadSplits to live close to their job (where they otherwise may not be able to afford a unit), or simply to get back on their feet.

Other Information

  • Atticus has three rituals that keep him grounded: Journaling, exercise and nightly dinners around the table with his family. He also loves fishing and backpacking whenever he can escape from his work routine.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:09] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing. My guest today is Atticus LeBlanc, founder of PadSplit, a technology platform dedicated to affordable housing. Atticus has been an affordable housing advocate and real estate investor for over a decade now, his company owning and managing over 550 affordable residential units. But he founded PadSplit with a much bigger goal in mind. He wants to dramatically change how we address affordable housing by using every space that is underused, in our own house or in a shared home. He doesn’t care how. Every room is a safe, clean home for someone who really needs it. You’ll want to hear more. Be sure to go to EvePicker.com to find out more about Atticus on the show notes page for this episode. And be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small Change.

Eve: [00:01:26] Hello, Atticus. Thank you so much for joining me today.

Atticus LeBlanc: [00:01:30] Absolutely. Pleasure to be here, Eve. Thank you for the opportunity.

Eve: [00:01:33] Yeah, I’m really looking forward to that conversation. Because you’re doing something pretty unusual. You started a company called PadSplit, and I’m wondering why you started it.

Atticus: [00:01:45] Sure. Yeah. So I think ever since I was a kid, I enjoyed solving problems. And maybe charging at windmills bigger than, bigger than where appropriate at any given time. And this has just been a really big windmill. I’ve been in in real estate my entire career here in the Atlanta area, going on 18 years now. And have been an entrepreneur for the last 15. And then in housing, specifically, for the last 12. As an entrepreneur in the housing space, I came to see a lot of what I felt was wrong with the industry, and the growing, let’s just say, affordable housing crisis for lack of a better word, and lack of supply, and lack of customer discovery for people who were the front line workers within our communities. And folks who ultimately had to commute hours or several hours a day to be able to afford a place to live and get to their place of work. And so, when I got to a point in my career where I felt like I was comfortable financially and had built up enough of the real estate portfolio that could support my own family, this was kind of a moonshot endeavor to look at ways to really solve the underlying fundamental issues of housing, on affordability, not just in the Atlanta market, but trying to do so around the country, and potentially around the world.

Eve: [00:03:10] So, PadSplit splits pads, it’s a great name. What does a PadSplit house look like, typically, after you’ve finished renovating it?

Atticus: [00:03:21] If we’ve done our jobs well or if our owners and real estate investors have done their jobs well, it looks from the outside like any other traditional housing unit, whether that’s a single family home or apartment. On the interior, it’s a little bit different. But essentially it’s just geared to allow single person households or individual workers in our communities to be able to rent individual rooms rather than entire homes. So, because we, we’re a marketplace and we align incentives with real estate investors who are generally looking for higher returns, one thing that may be different is you’re typically going to see more bedrooms in a PadSplit home than you would in a typical home. And the reason for that is in a traditional rental home environment, or any home environment, you have a lot of inefficient, underutilized and unmonetized space. So, if you’re going to rent a property, there’s almost no cost included in the rent for the formal dining room, for instance …

Eve: [00:04:28] Right.

Atticus: [00:04:28] … or the home office. And there’s no reason why, given the fact that we have a lack of housing supply, that these spaces shouldn’t be utilized to actually house people. And so, what PadSplit does as a marketplace, it allows those spaces to be utilized on an individual contract basis with each one of those people who needs a place to live. And in doing so, also makes the home more profitable for those real estate investors. And so, the difference is you would see, instead of a formal dining room, you’d see that room converted into a convertible living area where you actually have a bed instead of a dining room table. And that owner is getting paid for it rather than not.

Eve: [00:05:11] So, by doing this, you can include traditional investors who get a return and you don’t need subsidies, you’re not relying on the government to produce affordable housing. Is that right?

Atticus: [00:05:24] Exactly. Exactly right. Yeah, and throughout my career I’ve worked with a number of more traditional affordable housing programs and have consistently been frustrated by …

Eve: [00:05:35] Oh, they are so complicated.

Atticus: [00:05:37] Yeah, it, well, not just the complication, but the time. The time and energy and effort that goes into creating those units, and meanwhile, we have an abundance of outside opportunity. Right? There is …

Eve: [00:05:52] I think also not just the time and energy. I’ve done some work like that, too, but it’s an industry that kind of hasn’t caught up to what people want today. So, it can be pretty inflexible.

Atticus: [00:06:03] Absolutely.

Eve: [00:06:04] About, you know, what an affordable housing unit should look like.

Atticus: [00:06:08] Yeah, I’d say there are two major issues with the affordable housing industry, let’s call it. And one is the fact that virtually every program is designed to limit profit. And where profit is created or treated as an enemy. And instead they will pay as a percentage of cost. It’s OK to get paid as a percentage of cost, but not as profit. And what you do is you misalign incentives there. Where an affordable housing developer who’s maybe redeveloping a property, they have a home with perfectly good kitchen cabinets, but if they’re getting paid on a percentage of cost, they are now motivated to spend those public dollars to replace those perfectly good kitchen cabinets with brand new ones, because they only get paid if they actually spend that additional subsidy. And I’d say, overall, in most of the programs I’ve worked with, they generally have that same ideology. That they need to pay a fee rather than thinking about what is the most efficient solution possible.

Eve: [00:07:15] Right.

Atticus: [00:07:16] The second issue is just customer discovery, in that if you look at the Low-Income Housing Program, for instance, which has been probably the most successful affordable housing creation program in American history, three million units over about 30 years, there’s still no customer discovery there, where they’re evaluating the needs of the individual residents. The rules that are governing what types of units are created are ultimately from a consortium of government officials with some private advice from developers, but almost never based around purely, OK, you are a person who is in need of housing – What exactly do you need and what is the most efficient way to create that?

Eve: [00:08:02] Right. Right.

Atticus: [00:08:03] And so as a result, you spend a lot of money creating something that isn’t necessarily geared towards the end customer.

Eve: [00:08:09] What do you include in a PadSplit room, and how did you discover what your customers want?

[00:08:15] Yeah. So, what’s included in a room, and really this goes hand-in-hand with what the customers want. Rooms are fully furnished. They include all utilities, Wi-Fi, laundry, telemedicine and credit reporting into one single bill. And that bill is charged on a weekly basis, or on individual pay periods when people get paid. And this came out of the customer discovery process when I was managing properties that I owned, and particularly in lower income apartments, I ran into situations where I saw people that would end up late on their rent and under eviction because ultimately they decided to pay a utility bill, a cable television bill, for instance, in the middle of the month, and didn’t have enough money left over by the time the first of the month rolled around to be able to make that payment. And it was mind boggling to me, initially, that why would anyone ever choose to do that? And as I dove a little deeper, it occurred to me, well, wait a second, you know, we’re obviously, we’re almost at the end of the month now, but if I asked you or anyone else, what day of the week does November first fall on? No one, almost no one would know off the top of their head.

Eve: [00:09:40] Right.

Atticus: [00:09:40] But we all know that today is Wednesday. And if I get paid on Friday, it’s very easy for me to budget around that.

Eve: [00:09:47] Right, right, right.

Atticus: [00:09:48] And at the same time, if I’m living paycheck to paycheck, then it’s very difficult for me, and me personally, I mean, I’ve long put a lot of my stuff on autopay just because I know I won’t remember. But if you don’t have the financial capacity to do that and you have to really be careful about your budgeting, it’s not easy when you have a cable bill that’s due on the 12th and a water bill that’s due on the 23rd and so forth and so on. And you start to compile all these bills. And people are just not spending their money as wisely as they should be because it’s not top of mind.

Eve: [00:10:26] Right, right.

Atticus: [00:10:27] And the prioritization of those expenses is not anything that’s easy to do. And then on top of that, as I looked at the traditional housing industry, and in a rental property where people would have to pay large upfront deposits, we all know that there’s a huge portion of the population that doesn’t have the money, doesn’t have any savings …

Eve: [00:10:48] Yes.

Atticus: [00:10:48] … to be able to do that. And so you really want to just wait around for them to build the savings so they can get the deposit? Or do you want to figure out a way to create easier access? And so, that’s really what we’ve done, is created lower barriers to entry for individuals who are in need of housing, but also kept the billings on a regular schedule that’s easy to remember so that they can afford them.

Eve: [00:11:11] Right, right, right.

Atticus: [00:11:11] And they don’t have to come up with those upfront costs to outfit their bedroom or apartment or house on the front end, that just further exacerbates their affordability issues.

Eve: [00:11:22] So, where you start your operations?

Atticus: [00:11:25] So, started here in Atlanta. I really kicked off my housing career, I’ve been in Atlanta now for 20 years, almost. I kicked off my housing career in late 2007, early 2008. Really a touch before that, but really just got into the swing of things before the crash had really been public, but it was clear that something was going on, and that home values were much lower than they should have been, although at the time I had no idea why, and no one could really tell me why. But it’s been a long time coming. And we’ve been working on this problem for a long time.

Eve: [00:11:58] You started in Atlanta. How many units you have now and where they located?

Atticus: [00:12:03] So, we have about 1100 units today.

Eve: [00:12:06] Oh, wow.

Atticus: [00:12:07] And they are still mostly in Georgia, although we have a handful of units in the Texas market. And we’ve got some in Alabama, we’ve got some in Virginia. And we’ll be making a larger push into, into the Houston metropolitan area, as well as a couple other markets here over the next several months.

Eve: [00:12:28] And what are your tenants look like? Who are they?

Atticus: [00:12:31] Here in Atlanta, our members, as we refer to them, average income is around 25,000 dollars a year. It’s the cashier at your grocery store, the barista at your at your coffee shop, the security guard at any local retail establishment or hospital, Uber drivers, Lyft drivers, administrators in various government offices.

Eve: [00:12:54] That is shocking. Administrators and government offices.

Atticus: [00:12:57] Oh, yeah. Yeah, I mean, we’ve we’ve had police officers. We still have some teachers. Average age is, is just under 40, about 39 years old.

Eve: [00:13:04] Oh.

Atticus: [00:13:04] About 60 percent single women. And here in Atlanta, we’re 97 and a half percent African-American. But yeah, I mean, I refer to this group of people really as the invisible population. But I challenge any of your listeners to just ask next time you’re in some sort of retail environment, or heck, your Amazon delivery driver. But the folks who work in your community, whether that’s a hairstylist or the, anyone at the grocery store, where do they live, ask them where they live. And I think you’ll be intrigued to find the answer. But it wasn’t until maybe five years ago or so, I really started to understand that you could be working full-time in this country and very easily be homeless.

Eve: [00:13:48] Yeh.

Atticus: [00:13:48] And just that there are almost no housing options available for people that earn less than around 35,000 dollars a year that are the traditional options without any subsidy.

Eve: [00:13:57] I always make a habit of asking Uber drivers,= if that’s the full time job. And I’m, I’ve been stunned hear who has to moonlight, Uber driving …

Atticus: [00:14:09] Yeh.

Eve: [00:14:09] … over the years to make ends meet or to pay for groceries or to make the rent payment. It’s pretty shocking …

Atticus: [00:14:17] Yeh.

Eve: [00:14:17] Especially on the West Coast.

Atticus: [00:14:20] Yeah, definitely. I mean, even here in Atlanta, which is a relatively affordable city, we have a young woman who’s now been with us for almost three years, who works as a pastry chef in Midtown. But before PadSplit, she was commuting an hour and a half each direction …

Eve: [00:14:35] Oh, wow.

Atticus: [00:14:35] … to get to her place of work. And then I remember the last time I was in San Francisco asking my Uber driver where he lived. And he lived with his family in Fresno, three hours away. But then four days a week, he shared a studio apartment in Daly City near the airport. And that was how he made it work. So that he could spend some time with his family in Fresno. It’s incredible when you see the lengths that people have to go to just to find reasonable housing. And these really are people that our economy relies on on a regular basis, but really just go unnoticed.

Eve: [00:15:08] That’s pretty heartbreaking. So, I have to ask one question as an urban designer and architect, what do the neighbors think …

Atticus: [00:15:17] Yeh.

Eve: [00:15:17] … when you renovate the house?

Atticus: [00:15:19] Depends very much on the neighbors, right?

Eve: [00:15:21] Right.

Atticus: [00:15:21] It would be no surprise to anyone that we have NIMBY opposition, you know, folks who say not in my backyard.

Eve: [00:15:28] Well, I’ve heard, Atticus, that quite a few people say, on my podcast the last month that NIMBYism is probably the biggest reason why we’re in this predicament.

Atticus: [00:15:39] Oh, unquestionably. Yeah, I don’t deny that at all, and it’s frustrating. I mean, with with a lot of those those conversations where people say, OK, well, yeah, I think the person who works in my grocery store should be able to live here. And my question is always, do the people who serve your community deserve an opportunity to live there? And almost no one ever says ‘no’ to that question. Right? But they will say, well, yeah, but the government is going to fix that.

Eve: [00:16:11] Right.

Atticus: [00:16:12] And, or the cities are working on that problem. And I don’t think anyone really has an idea of just the scope and the depth of the issue and how bad things really are. And the fact that if we as a society are not working to change these issues on our own, nobody’s going to get anything done. And so, yeah, I mean, absolutely, there are lots of neighbors who, under the guise of, quote unquote, protecting the integrity of single family neighborhoods, which they conveniently forget, like all of those zoning codes were based in systemic racism going back a hundred years, that it’s OK for all of this space to go to waste while you have people who are working full-time, that are living on the street or commuting three hours.

Eve: [00:16:58] Right.

Atticus: [00:16:58] And I mean, that’s a real difficulty and something that I think we as the community or as a nation of communities and neighborhoods ultimately have to decide where the line in the sand really is. And at what point do you say, OK, in our country, everyone should have equal access to opportunity and housing opportunity almost goes without saying, but what are we willing to do to live out those ideals?

Eve: [00:17:27] So, you’ve thought a lot about affordable housing solutions. Why this one?

Atticus: [00:17:32] Well, for me, I was intrigued by private market solutions that didn’t require subsidy programs. And don’t get me wrong, I’ve worked with a lot of subsidy programs and particularly housing choices and still am an owner of a number of properties that work with housing choice participants. But just the time, right? It was, how quickly could I do something today that could create a groundswell of support and address the problem as expeditiously as I felt like it needed to be addressed. And so that’s really the reason why I looked at private market solutions, was because I knew that if you could align those incentives to just create more efficient market opportunities, then I had already seen over the course of my career how strong some of those forces could be. Where here in Atlanta, I watched entire neighborhoods change over the course of just two or three years because of the actions and investments of not one large company, but tens or hundreds of independent individual real estate investors and entrepreneurs. Sometimes for better, sometimes for worse.

Eve: [00:18:43] Yeh.

Atticus: [00:18:43] And so, the idea was, OK, well, right now we are decrying the gentrification and displacement in a lot of these communities. And I agree, that I think in a lot of ways, the displacement especially, is heart wrenching and contributes to the same problems that we’re seeing with people having to move further and further away from their places of work. But what if we could take the same group of individuals who really are just pursuing their own best interests, which we can’t expect them not to. And you said, OK, well, instead of contributing to gentrification and displacement in these areas, what if I gave you another option for investing that allowed you to create more affordable housing? And if you could make affordable housing more profitable than the other alternatives that people had so that the best option available was also one that was a societally good thing and created positive social change for these largely marginalized groups, then those investors would absolutely pursue those. And that was really the thesis that led me to create that split in the way that we’ve done.

Eve: [00:19:44] How much do your tenants, or your members pay per month compared to a unit like what, that they would have to go out and get in the marketplace?

Atticus: [00:19:53] Yeah. And it’s not apples to apples, because our units are all-inclusive.

Eve: [00:19:58] No, of course not. There’re furnished, and electric and utilities and everything, right?

Atticus: [00:20:02] Exactly. Yeah. But it’s about 600 dollars on average, across our portfolio, that people pay on a monthly basis.

Eve: [00:20:10] How much vacancy do you have, because that’s always a good indicator.

Atticus: [00:20:13] Yeah. So, right now we have about 45 rooms or so that are available, so we stay pretty well full. Of course, back to the customer discovery and user question. What we found too is if you’re new to town, if you come here and you’ve got a job, you don’t really want to sign a 12-month lease, you’re trying to figure out what part of town you want to live in.

Eve: [00:20:37] Yes.

Atticus: [00:20:38] And so …

Eve: [00:20:39] It’s like co-work, for housing.

Atticus: [00:20:41] Yeah, similar. Similar. Yeah. I mean, it’s but so our terms are certainly shorter. On average, we still see nine months as an average term …

Eve: [00:20:50] Yeh.

Atticus: [00:20:50] But we absolutely have folks who come to town and are trying to get their bearings or get their feet under them, or maybe they’ve just been through some sort of traumatic situation like a divorce or the death of a loved one. And they don’t need something long-term. They need an affordable place to stay for three months.

Eve: [00:21:08] Right.

Atticus: [00:21:08] And so we see those as well. And that certainly contributes to the amount of vacancy as well. But, yeah, we stay pretty well full.

Eve: [00:21:16] And I have a feeling that you chose this path, as well, because it’s a way to scale what you’re doing. I’d love to hear your hopes on scale.

Atticus: [00:21:25] Yeah, I certainly had no business starting a technology company.

Eve: [00:21:30] Kind of like me.

Atticus: [00:21:31] I am a real estate Neanderthal. But I was intrigued by what I had seen AirBnB do over the preceding 10 years, in terms of, just how individual hosts around the world were able to take this model and run with it. And I wanted to do the same thing with much more positive social impact for affordable housing. And I wanted any real estate investor, or homeowner, candidly, or housing provider of any kind, anywhere, to be able to pick up these sets of tools and provide affordable housing in their communities, regardless of what their thesis may be. If they wanted to create housing for farmers or teachers or employees at a certain facility, that they would be able to use these same sets of tools to be able to do that. And that was really, the major reason why I started PadSplit as a technology marketplace as opposed to a real estate company, was because I certainly didn’t fancy creating this mega-corporation that owned thousands and thousands of homes. And, oh, by the way, even if we did, that still wouldn’t be near the impact that I was trying to create in the world.

Eve: [00:22:49] Do you own any of the buildings yourself at all or are they really …

Atticus: [00:22:53] Personally, I have two. The first prototype and then I have one other one. But other than that, no. We have maybe 65 or 70 different owners of all the properties.

Eve: [00:23:05] Oh.

Atticus: [00:23:05] Anyone from an individual homeowner, all the way to institutional or sub-institutional investors. I do have one room in my personal home that I rent through the platform. We don’t really count that one.

Eve: [00:23:17] So, how do you manage those building owners? Because I can imagine some bad ones might creep in.

Atticus: [00:23:24] Well, a lot of that is baked into the model. Right? Where we don’t do traditional corporate leases the way that other similar companies have done, where we’re the ones making the improvements. The owners are ultimately sharing in the profitability. So, they see a direct correlation between the quality of the unit and their bottom line. And that’s really, I think, important about aligning those incentives. And they are the ones that are purchasing, maintaining and renovating those properties. And then also to maintain accountability, a big part of the platform, and this was absolutely from AirBnB, giving the residents in those homes or the members in our platform the ability to rate and review both maintenance and quality of those homes.

Eve: [00:24:05] Um Hmm.

Atticus: [00:24:06] So, kind of creating …

Eve: [00:24:09] That’s encouragements.

Atticus: [00:24:10] … creating 360 degree accountability where not only are those posts motivated by the bottom line, but they’re also accountable to the members inside those homes as well.

Eve: [00:24:22] You touched on systemic racism and I know you’ve written about this and thought about this. And I’d like to know what you think of some of the key examples of racism in housing policy that exist today and that have made this problem worse.

Atticus: [00:24:40] It’s not really a question of what I think. It’s just a question of a history lesson. And there are a couple of points there. One, if you look at any historic neighborhood today compared to what the population makeup was 100 years ago, or call it turn of the, turn of the 20th century, what you’ll find is that there was a much wider distribution of family makeup in those neighborhoods then, and housing choices there, than than there are today in those same neighborhoods. Because since the 1960s, we’ve as as a nation really forced this idea of single family home. And that’s been repeated over and over and over, where one family, one home, in spite of the fact that you look at 35 percent of the population as single person households. Today. And meanwhile, our home sizes have just continued to increase, even though family size continues to decrease. So, you had this this extreme mismatch. How that relates to systemic racism is this, in that, whether you’re looking at as as Richard Rothstein analyzed in Color of Law and has been written about by a number of other publications, the foundation of these zoning codes, when things started to change in really, whether it’s L.A. 1908 or Buchanan in 1917, they stemmed from trying to segregate neighborhoods based on race. Like, that was the foundation of zoning. And if you acknowledge that at any point in our history, regardless of if you believe that it’s happening today, but at any point in our history, if our culture has contributed to wealth inequality on the basis of race, at any point, if that has contributed to our current inequality of income based on race, then you also have to acknowledge that because these housing policies are based around income, they’re also based around race. And so if I say in a particular neighborhood, you who may be lower income and maybe a single person are not allowed to live here by virtue of the fact that the average home is going to rent for 3,000 dollars, I’m discriminating based on race, in that situation. And so, by limiting the diversity of housing stock and housing choices, we are absolutely discriminating based on race while we are discriminating based on income. And the great irony is, across racial groups, there are very few communities who have any concern about discriminating based on income. But very rarely do the same folks ever acknowledge that because you’re discriminating on income, it also means that you’re discriminating based on race, but it’s just, it’s just a fact.

Eve: [00:27:29] Yes. Yup. OK, so then what’s what’s the biggest challenge you’ve had?

Atticus: [00:27:37] Oh, let’s say, the only, only one, huh? Yeh.

Eve: [00:27:41] One of them.

Atticus: [00:27:43] Listen, I mean … It’s a massive problem. And I’d say, the single biggest thing is, is anticipating and managing human behavior at any level of scale. Right? Whether that is relationships with members inside the homes, whether that is relationships between the members, or just the home and people in the neighborhood. And the sheer amount of effort necessary to maintaining all those relationships. Or the foresight to build in structures and processes that align behaviours appropriately. And we’ve done a lot of work on this and certainly put a lot of thought into it. I mean, listen, we sit at this intersection where we are involved in people’s lives 24 hours a day, seven days a week, at the very base of Maslov’s hierarchy of needs, in terms of just the need for safety and shelter.

Eve: [00:28:49] Yeh.

Atticus: [00:28:49] And so, it is about as big a problem as I think I could have ever tried to tackle.

Eve: [00:28:55] Yes, I’d agree with that.

Atticus: [00:28:56] And just the sheer complexity of those different interactions is the single hardest thing in my mind.

Eve: [00:29:02] So, what’s your big, hairy, audacious goal with this, with PadSplit?

Atticus: [00:29:08] For me, it’s always been that you can solve at least a significant portion of the housing crisis on a national and global scale. The big, hairy, audacious goal is that it becomes a household name that just becomes commonly accepted. That if you are in an apartment or if you are in a home and you have extra space, why on earth wouldn’t you trust another individual to lease that space from you? In the same way that I think ride sharing to hitchhiking. Where 20 years ago you would never imagine getting the back of a stranger’s car, whereas today we do it all the time. And those activities are not fundamentally any different. What’s different is the fact that you, as a customer of that service, trust that stranger that you’re getting into the back of a car with. And so, the big, hairy, audacious goal is that same paradigm exists for housing. Where you trust that you can use this platform and and allow someone else into your home without really missing a beat. And that’s just obviously a wholesale change to the way that we think today about, quote unquote, strangers. And if we can empower access to those opportunities, both as a user of housing or as a provider of housing, and to empower those users to become providers eventually and build their own income and wealth, that’s really what we’re setting up for. And we want to make sure that those opportunities exist everywhere.

Eve: [00:30:38] Final question, but I think I read that you were looking for funding and you did receive a chunk of it, is that correct?

Atticus: [00:30:45] We did, yeah. So we closed …

Eve: [00:30:48] Congratulations.

Atticus: [00:30:48] Thank you. Yeah. We closed on on our Series A round of financing a couple of weeks ago. So, we will be around for much longer.

Eve: [00:30:56] You’ll be bigger and doing more of this.

Atticus: [00:30:57] Hopefully. Yeah. We just keep putting one foot in front of the other and are anxious to expand to new markets that are interested in solutions.

Eve: [00:31:05] Well, it’s really been delightful talking to you and thank you very much, and thank you for tackling this very big problem.

Atticus: [00:31:12] Well, we’re trying. But thank you for having me, Eve. I really appreciate it.

Eve: [00:31:31] That was Atticus LeBlanc. He wants PadSplit to take hold in a really big way. He can’t see how we will ever be able to catch up and provide enough affordable housing quickly if we don’t think differently. That empty spare room or that basement den can offer a comfy bed and a safe home to someone who really needs it. So, he’s planning to grow the 1100 rooms on PadSplit today to many hundreds of thousands of rooms. PadSplit is his moonshot.

Eve: [00:32:15] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website, EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities. Thank you so much for spending your time with me today, Atticus. And thanks for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Atticus LeBlanc, PadSplit

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