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FinTech

Spacehive.

October 13, 2021

Chris Gourlay is founder of Spacehive, the world’s first crowdfunding platform for projects that improve the civic environment. Spacehive aids local fundraising efforts by matching them with funding sources from civic councils, companies and foundations. Over 45 of them.

What makes Spacehive so unique is that it can positively impact a community far larger than just those who donate on the platform. It has been used by community groups, charities, schools and local businesses, mayors, corporations and foundations – all to collaboratively improve local places, both big and small, momentary and lasting. It has the highest campaign success rate of any crowdfunding platform in the UK. And since the pandemic, the platform has seen a 300% increase in people helping to fund improvements to their local area.

Chris cut his teeth as a journalist at The Sunday Times where he led on coverage of Boris Johnson’s mayoralty and the architecture and planning brief. He also ran international investigations for the award-winning Insight unit. Chris has been interviewed by many TV and radio programmes, newspapers and magazines – Sky News, BBC’s Today programme, WIRED, The New Scientist, The Guardian and more – about the power of technology to transform communities.

Insights and Inspirations

  • 10 years into building his unique civic platform, Chris is not nearly finished.
  • Technology can make everyone a civic change-maker.
  • With communities in the drivers seat, locals can shape their own civic environment, making everyone happy, proud and prosperous.
  • What’s in the name SpaceHive? Take civic and community SPACE, add a good dose of collective effort (like a bee HIVE) enhance it with technology and you have the ability for people to shape their own environments.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:06] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Re-Think Real Estate. For Good. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors, those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo, in order to build better for everyone. If you haven’t already, check out all of my podcasts at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co or you can find them at your favorite podcast station. You’ll find lot’s worth listening to, I’m sure.

Eve: [00:00:41] Today, I’m talking with Chris Gourlay, the founder of Spacehive. Chris launched Spacehive, a civic crowdfunding platform, almost a decade ago. It came to him through his work as a journalist where he focused on architecture and planning. He was frustrated by the lack of investment and creativity in public spaces, and so he took a very bold step and launched Spacehive, a crowdfunding platform giving communities the power to shape their own civic environment. And he has succeeded. Spacehive is a testament to Chris’s passion and his vision. The platform claims to have the highest campaign success rate of any crowdfunding platform in the U.K. Hundreds of place-based projects have been created throughout the country, including urban parks, community centers and public gathering spaces. Restorations of historic buildings, collective artist and entrepreneurial hubs. Parking space makeovers. Public WiFi and more. I love what Chris has created, and so will you. If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast or go to Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate to learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers and subscribe if you can. Hello, Chris, I’m such a fan of yours and so happy to get a chance to talk to you today.

Chris Gourlay: [00:02:25] Hey, Eve, great to speak to you again, thank you and likewise been excited to follow what you’ve been doing with Small Change over the years.

Eve: [00:02:33] I think you might have been my inspiration. Some years ago, I remember when you launched Spacehive, how fabulous I thought it was. So, tell us a little bit about Spacehive, which I love.

Chris: [00:02:48] Well, so you know, Spacehive is a crowdfunding platform for projects that improve local places, the civic environment. So this is our streets or green spaces, the community buildings we all share, heritage, sports facilities, all the stuff that kind of makes up our public realm, if you like. And what Spacehive does is to provide a springboard for local people who’ve got ideas for improving that area, to be able to start projects and then attract the money they need to pay for them from friends and neighbors, but also local businesses, the local mayor, the municipality government, big brands, corporations, developers all through the same portal so that these things can get done. And the idea is it makes it much easier for a much wider range of people to be involved in improving that area and local places and local communities benefit as a result.

Eve: [00:03:48] So you started life as a journalist, right? So, I’m wondering how someone with a journalism degree ends up at the helm of Spacehive and I’d love you to take me on the journey.

Chris: [00:04:02] Yeah, sure. Well, I was a journalist, as you say, for four years before I started Spacehive. I worked at the Sunday Times newspaper in London. I covered the architecture and planning beat there and was also the London correspondent. So, I worked with the then mayor, Boris Johnson, who’s actually now prime minister, on various different stories. And that experience at that time there did help to shape my idea. I got to know how local government and civic improvement works with property developer’s eyes and planner’s eyes. But to be honest with you, the kernel of the idea came about 10, 20 years ago. On a trip to Cuba, I met a guy there in Havana, were chatting in the city about his neighborhood, sitting in a park on this little bench, and he was this amazing guy, super enthusiastic about his community and full of ideas for improving things. I mean, Cuba, as you may know, is a place where things the pace of change can be slow, shall we say. And and there’s a lot of beauty and elegance in the built environment because of that. But its civic involvement is not, if you like, the fastest paced in the world. And he was like lamenting various kind of, you know, broken benches, including the one we were sitting on and the state of the park and this ice cream parlor. He wanted to improve nearby. And I remember thinking, wow, this guy is basically a social entrepreneur. He’s full of ideas, and he talked about how difficult it was for him to change things. You know, you have to go through the centralized structure, the party, the state. And it was a pretty sclerotic system and basically not much happened as a result. And I remember thinking at the time it just sort of started sparked this idea, this image in my head of people like him and this idea that in communities all around the world, really, there are people like him, like you and me, if you care about the area and you’ve got ideas for improving things. It struck me that he and others would be willing to to give time and money to make an improvement happen if it was an easy way to do that. But here was the civic environment, which was inadvertently blocking out his ideas and actually blocking out capital because there’s just no way for people to be able to propose a project. There’s no way for people to be able to chip in to make a thing happen easily. And the result was that not much did happen. And of course, if you think about places like the U.K., the United States is not Cuba. You’ve got a thriving civil society. It’s a very different, very different system. But actually, fundamentally when it comes to the civic environment, similar. You know, there’s this system that is very top down and you really, traditionally have to be sort of a municipality or property developer to be able to change things or a seasoned community development professional. So at that time, I didn’t really do much with that thought, but I just it sort of something bothered me about this. It felt like there was this huge untapped opportunity or this creativity, all this energy and goodwill amongst people like him to be able to improve places and the system that just didn’t allow it to happen and unintentionally so. And it was years later when I was a journalist and I think got to know how all this space works better. And an opportunity came up because we had the recession off the back of the 2007 crash in the U.K. and all over the world. And at that point it became pretty clear that if you like the business model, the financial model for the civic environment was in trouble. The ways that municipalities have relied on to pay for playgrounds and high street and street markets, you know, green spaces and so on. Looked like it was going to be in long term decline budgets and people were scratching their heads as to how they’re going to make things work with the crisis. Funding crises which took years to play out and at the same time, everyone was talking about localism, the idea that you should push power down as far as possible to community level. This was a sort of fundamentally good thing for society, but they didn’t really know how a lot of the time. And then we had the rise of Kickstarter in the U.S., and that was the, sort of, first really popular modern crowdfunding platform.

Eve: [00:08:16] Um hmm.

Chris: [00:08:17] And it inspired me because, you know, here was this place where people with entrepreneurial ideas could host projects and kind of act as a springboard for their projects to get off the ground. They could attract capital across the internet, cobbled together all these little contributions to make that project happen and to get ahead. And I remember thinking, is this vehicle or something like it? What we need in the civic environment? And does that solve the Cuba problem? Because I could see how you could have local people who’ve got ideas, you know, if there was a way that they could put forward a project and we knew that that project was viable, we knew it could be delivered and local communities could show their support for it by kind of rallying behind it, pledging small amounts en masse. The sight of that, the spectacle of that of everybody getting behind this idea to start the street market or create a new community garden or whatever it is they wanted to do, that would be so powerful because you’d have these time limited campaigns. It had to happen. Otherwise, it will fall apart. And if you were a mayor or property developer or big supermarket with a bunch of customers in your community and you were looking at something like this and said, Well, here’s this amazing project. People are clearly passionate about it. They’re behind it. They’re actually voting for it with their wallets, and we’ve got an opportunity to make this thing happen. I sort of felt to me that it would be sort of politically irresistible to get behind that if it was affordable for people to do that. And if you could combine those two things channelling the kind of energy of the community behind an idea that somebody wanted was a good idea and a viable, deliverable idea. The money that was needed to actually pay for it, to go ahead. And then the sort of pressure that that created on the state and other kind of institutional players to get behind it, that you could actually make that happen. And on the surface of it, it would look like Kickstarter, you know, crowdfunding platform like any other. But underneath you’d need complex sort of machinery because the civic environment is complex and the experiences that people face are very challenging when it comes to doing projects. So that’s sort of became the exam question for me. And it took many years of working with very lucky to work with people like the mayor of London and other sort of stakeholders in this space to sort of figure out how to make that actually work, you know, how to create that spectacle and make it scalable and durable. And so that was that became our focus with Spacehive to the early years is testing and validating and iteratively building towards that vision.

Eve: [00:10:50] So when did you launch? Was it 2010? Is that right?

Chris: [00:10:54] 2012

Eve: [00:10:55] So and how does it work? Like, tell us a little bit about, you know, who comes to the platform and how much they’re generally raise. And I mean, are you regulated? All of those questions.

Chris: [00:11:10] Yeah, it’s not a regulated space. We’re not dealing in repayable finance. So legally speaking, people are making donations, whether they’re pledging £10 or £10,000 towards a project. They didn’t get their money back. They didn’t get a share. What they get is the playground or the high street improvement or the street market or whatever it is. So it’s a different place. Equity crowdfunding, lending, lending platforms. Our typical project is £11,000. So just over $15,000. And you get a very broad range of project types. I mean, the most common category is green space, but not by a huge margin. You know, we’ve had people restoring lidos, you know, old heritage lidos that the community would love to bring them back to life. People can go out and swim and hang out at Community Café. We’ve had people painting murals and spotting opportunities to convert old disused railway lines into public gardens or turning toilet blocks into community restaurants or starting giant water slides down a steep high street. And can, you know, get their swimming costume out and slip down in front of all the shoppers. Or launching festivals, pedestrianizing streets. You know, in some cases, repainting entire high streets give them a lick of paint, a new lease of life, amazing natural nature reserve projects, you know, creating new habitats for wildlife and so on. And then economic type projects, you know, improving trading conditions so street markets can thrive. Or we have an amazing project up north. In York, there is an old medieval town where the business community got together and put snow cannon on top of the roofs and pumped fake snow into the Tudor streets below so that shoppers could pan around and have the authentic white Christmas experience.

Eve: [00:13:04] That’s lovely.

Chris: [00:13:05] All sorts of, you know, weird and wonderful and creative ideas. And I think the bottom line with all of it is, these are things. These are ideas buying for communities. They are generally distinctive to the local area and kind of reflect the character of the community. And you know, they have a wide range of benefits from environmental improvements to the place that they’re delivered in, but also these, sort of, social impacts, you know, making people healthier, happier, less lonely and sort of giving them people a stronger sense of belonging and ownership in their community.

Eve: [00:13:39] Yeah, I think that’s probably the big one, right? That people can point at something and say, I help make that happen. I think that really matters to people.

Chris: [00:13:47] It does. It does. And it’s, you know, you’re right, and it’s an unusual feeling, actually in the kind of civic or region space. Because if you think about like, you know, the traditional, shall we say, ways of the opportunities for the public to be involved in civic change, regeneration, you know, it can be it can feel pretty arm’s length. Maybe you get to respond to a consultation or come and vote on a design for a new building or whatever it happens to be. But generally, I don’t think people feel that they have a hugely powerful voice. And also, things take ages usually to change.

Eve: [00:14:24] They really do, don’t they?

Chris: [00:14:25] That was a huge thing for me was just the ages thing. The fact everyone takes super long time. It’s just not in the public interest. And, you know, Spacehive is not a panacea for that. But there’s a tier of activity that we’ve got relatively small-scale projects, you know, $15,000 up to about $750,000 worth of project where you can get stuff done much faster. And I think for communities, whether you’re creating a project or backing it, the experience is exciting because, you know, you vote for this thing with your wallet, doesn’t matter how much you put towards it. And then a few weeks later, a month later, you get the thing. You know that tangible improvement. It is a visceral experience, actually, and very, very different to your normal involvement in the region space.

Eve: [00:15:09] Well, I think you’ve been pretty ahead of the time because, you know, top-down planning has been the way we’ve been doing it. And so over the last over the last year or two, I’ve been hearing more and more people talking about sort of bottom up community planning and in fact, platforms like Spacehive have been encouraging that to happen for a long time, so it’s interesting to watch. Yeah, yeah, but how does it actually work? Like so they raised 15,000. You are not for profit or for profit?

Chris: [00:15:44] Yeah, well, a for profit company. We are in social business. But yeah, the journey is that… So, the usual route is somebody in a community will generally spot an offer of funding from one of our partners. So we have integrated into the platform lots of different funds, matching funds from different municipalities, foundations and companies. And so say, you say you live in Leicester, where we have the mayor of Leicester offering money to support local crowdfunding campaigns and space from time to time. You would probably hear about a call for new ideas from the mayor, and the mayor would say, Look, I’m offering cash to help people be successful with their local crowdfunding campaigns in Spacehive, and I’d love you to create a project and I think it’s going to help to make the city better. I’m going to back it alongside the crowd. And so people would often come to a kind of online workshop, then to find out a bit more about what the fund is looking for, but also how civic crowdfunding works. And then they come to the platform. They create a project page, which obviously explains what their idea is. They want to spruce up a local playground or paint a mural, or maybe create a statue to somebody that they admire. And what we then do is we match that project based on data like its geography, its projected impact and so on to relevant funds. So you’re likely to get matched to the mayor’s fund, which you heard about, but also others. And then you have an opportunity to pitch your project ideas simultaneously to your community through the platform, but also through to these institutional funds. And sometimes these institutional funds want to know a bit more about your project. They want to know about your financial records or a bit more detail about the impact you think it will have, so you can answer those questions and provide documentation through the platform. We have technology that prevents you having to repeat yourself and shares impact data across different funders. This sort of thing, the various ways in which we try and streamline the experience for people to make it easier.

Eve: [00:17:46] Wow.

Chris: [00:17:47] And when you’re in need of help, you can put out a wish list of things you want to help with, perhaps skills from people who might want to join your team or in-kind contributions. And that helps you to shape your project plan. And at some point they’re going to. People are going to feel ready, and they will then submit their project for verification. We’ve got some experts to look over the project, make sure that it feels deliverable. And of course, that check is crucial because depending on what you’re trying to do, turn a railway line into a park or improve a playground or paint a mural, the kind of permissions you might need to do something like this vary considerably, as you know. So that’s a key check. And once you get the stamp of approval on the back of that check, you’re good to fundraise. And because you then pitched to the community and the institutional funds as you raise, this is how it plays out. Basically, your community back you first, so your friends, your neighbors, etc. get behind your idea, and that kind of creates this visible mandate for the idea. So you have hundreds of people endorsing it effectively and that then triggers the kind of support from the bigger funds. And it’s that handshake, if you like, that takes the project to the finishing line typically and delivers very high success rates. So it’s the combination of the streamlined processes. I think the verification and then this mixture of crowd and institutional money, which gives the platform the highest campaign success rate of any crowdfunding platform in the U.K. And means that people are more likely to succeed when they use Spacehive than fail. And so, you then hit your target and you’re going to deliver your project. And then the final step is you share the impact of what you done as a tool, which allows you to do that. And we then pump out the metrics and the stats and all the lovely press coverage and your pics and videos and so on to everyone who supported your project. And if you’re the community, of course, you’re going to enjoy the mural or the playground.

Eve: [00:19:42] So tell us, like, how much have you raised and how many projects have been on your site and you know…

Chris: [00:19:48] Yeah. So we’ve raised so far 22 million pounds and delivered 1,750 projects.

Eve: [00:19:59] Oh, that’s a lot of projects.

Chris: [00:20:01] Yeah, well. So, in the first years, we had a big focus on the model and we were just testing a handful of projects. We didn’t really have many delivered at all. And then about three years ago, once all the different elements of the model sort of fell into place it really started to scale. And last year, I think partly because of the pandemic, actually, you know, it really started to accelerate. So we had a fourfold increase in projects and we expect to have the same again this year.

Eve: [00:20:27] So wow, that’s fabulous. So finally, success, it takes a while, right?

Chris: [00:20:33] It does.

Eve: [00:20:35] Can you share an example of a notable project that you love that found success on Spacehive? Just a couple of examples.

Chris: [00:20:45] I mean, I’ll give you a couple. There was one we had the other day, actually in London, and there was a big focus coming out of the pandemic at the time on just reimagining local areas. I mean, in the U.K., like countries all over the world, people spend a lot more time in their neighborhood and we’re starting to look at the local high street and just the amenities they might have on their doorstep in a slightly different way. And there was this particular project that felt very, sort of, that moment. And it was an idea that a local group of kind of artists had had. They go around painting murals. They are a collective in East London and they teamed up with this French artist, Camille Walala, and came up with this idea to repaint this entire high street in East London. It was one of these sort of famously drab shopping parades, and it kind of shattered concrete and just not something that lifts the spirit, shall we say, and kind of pretty typical mix of shops, retail units in that area. You know, a little restaurant, Kwik Fit, Engineer’s Workshop and so on. There’s a fairly ordinary high street, but what they saw was the opportunity to give it this really bold lick of paint and just lift the spirits of the neighborhood, really. And it has become probably London’s or certainly one of London’s largest public artworks. I mean, it’s an enormous piece of art which stretches this entire kind of block and is sort of bright cubist kind of colors. And it’s just an amazing thing to look at. And, you know, obviously attracts people to the area, supports local businesses with footfall. But it’s the kind of, I think for a lot of people who saw it, it is sort of a bit of a light bulb moment because, you know, it’s the sort of thing that you can do a lot of places. This is a lick of paint, really. It doesn’t cost you much, about 40,000 pounds that project and you had local people getting behind it businesses, but also the mayor of London and bigger companies and people were very excited about it because they felt like that was an optimistic and simple and effective piece of kind of regeneration that could be replicated in other places.

Eve: [00:23:02] That’s a great project.

Chris: [00:23:05] Yeah. And then I think so thinking about sort of other areas as well. I mean, we’ve had this lovely idea in a little town called Frome, which is in Somerset, and actually there’ve been a few like this. Converting municipal toilet blocks. And in this particular case, they turned it into a community café, and it was about 11,000 pounds and it was obviously comprehensively fitted out, given a proper clean, but became this amazing hub for the community and it was brightly painted. They filled the square outside with tables. They have this tiny little art galleries, you know, you’d sort of peek through the doors, and you could go and look a bit. They would take from the local community, and they had a bar where you could get served, your cappuccino or whatever, and it just became a really, really, well-loved and well visited hub for the community. And again, you’re talking really small amounts of money…

Eve: [00:24:02] 11,000 pounds is not a lot of money.

Chris: [00:24:04] It’s not a lot of money, and that thing has gone from strength to strength, the community as a community business, and it’s just a real asset for the community.

Eve: [00:24:11] That’s fabulous.

Chris: [00:24:11] And it attracted again local people, local businesses. The parish council there put some money and then there was the local celebrity as well. So a nice, nice kind of mix of backers to make it happen.

Eve: [00:24:25] So are there other platforms like Spacehive in the U.K. or anywhere?

Chris: [00:24:30] There were other civic crowdfunding platforms in the world. Yeah, so and since we started, the platforms have popped up in France, in Germany, in Italy, in Spain, in Brazil and in the U.S. as well, Patronicity up in the northwest.

Eve: [00:24:48] Ah, yes.

Chris: [00:24:49] So, I think the idea is definitely moving around in different places. I mean, the fundamental proposition is civic crowdfunding is that there’s an opportunity for people to have more power to start projects. It makes sense to collaboratively fund stuff. And that is an opportunity that’s obviously not just present in the U.K. A lot of places. In Britain where the only dedicated civic crowdfunding platform, but there are other platforms that of course do projects which are community, nature and so on. But yeah, it’s this specific focus on, how do you, at scale, create a way for people to improve the civic environment with all the complexity and the political and cultural sensitivity that goes with that. And how do you integrate all the different sources of funding that are available for these sorts of projects so that you can have these quite short, focused and successful campaigns? And that’s our particular focus. But other people have different spaces and obviously they overlap.

Eve: [00:25:43] So has Spacehive met your expectations, so far?

Chris: [00:25:47] Not yet. I think it’s met my expectations in the sense of the validation for the idea is stronger than I expected in the sense of in the areas where we’ve deployed it. Communities and actually in particular municipalities and bigger companies of sort of really got behind it with a level of excitement that I didn’t expect to see so quickly. And I don’t know the willingness of government in particular, I suppose, to really quite fundamentally change the way that it works to support this different dynamic, community led, collaboratively funded. That requires sort of fundamental changes to everything from comms to process to governance. And this is why it takes time, of course. But people have been willing to do it, and it’s been amazing working with pioneers in this space, like the mayor of London, mayor of Liverpool, as well as smaller kind of parish councils, developers, foundations and so on to get all this right. So, their willingness to step up and try different things and make changes early on has been an amazing surprise. And I think the other thing that surprised me is just the diversity of projects that people come up with and the diversity of communities that do it. I mean, if you if I’m honest, you know, you harbor a bit of a fear when you launch something like this, you’re just going to get a particular sector of society.

Eve: [00:27:11] Yes.

Chris: [00:27:11] Perhaps a part of society that likes technology.

Eve: [00:27:14] Yes.

Chris: [00:27:14] You know, and the tools. But we haven’t had that at all. And it’s been most successful in communities where there’s just a strong sense of community and whether by coincidence or otherwise, that tends to be in more deprived areas. So it’s been popular everywhere. We know we’ve had it in some of the wealthiest neighborhoods in London, places like Mayfair, and also some of the most deprived wards in the country. But it tends to gravitate towards slightly more deprived communities where the strong social capital, where the strong sense of neighborliness.

Eve: [00:27:46] Right, right, right.

Chris: [00:27:47] And that has been hugely exciting for me because it shows the long-term potential of it. And obviously, you know, the social mission of this has been crucial for me. I want this to be an inclusive way of doing things that genuinely gives the widest possible audience of people a chance to feel that they can change the area. So it’s got to be for everyone. And so seeing that diversity has been really exciting to me.

Eve: [00:28:17] So what do you think, I can hear you’re not bored with this business yet, which is amazing. So, what do you think could be better?

Chris: [00:28:26] Well, I think the next milestones on our journey are going to be, so we’ve built these very strong regional hubs, where crowdfunding works well. Places like Liverpool, London, Leicester in the U.K. and so on. And we’ve done that by teaming up with the powers that be, if you like the key stakeholders in that space and then helping them to move over to this model. And chief amongst them are the municipality, but also others, universities, local businesses and so on. And where we’ve done that, we’ve managed to produce this positive experience for change makers. You know, people find it very rewarding. They’re able to get projects done. As I mentioned earlier, you’re more likely to succeed if you get involved in this stuff than fail, and that’s just a huge paradigm shift vs the experience people have before. And then if you’re the municipality, you know, it’s just a very financially efficient and sort of politically attractive way of doing civic improvement. So, I think we’ve shown the potential at regional level and the opportunity now is to kind of replicate those powerful ecosystems of support for local projects at a national level. And so, I think we’re going to get to a point where we start to have national government, where we start to have major national companies, foundations, the big beast funders, if you like. Recognizing the opportunity to move to this collaborative way of funding people powered ideas. Ideas that communities demonstrably want and are getting behind. And I just think that’s a matter of time, and we’ve had amazing conversations with all of these people already, and I think things are moving in that direction. But when we get to that point, it will be exciting because we’ll be able to replicate, if you like, the power of the offer to be able to say to communities, if you’ve got a good, viable, deliverable idea which your community supports, it’s probably going to be successful. We’re probably going to be able to get you the money you need, and it’s probably going to happen. To replicate that offer around the U.K. will be really exciting. And we’re in about 10 percent of communities, at the moment. So, there’s a huge scale up opportunity still ahead of us in that sense. And I think the national ecosystem will be a big milestone. And then the other one is just going to be really pushing on accessibility because although the model is much more inclusive than I think the traditional ways of doing this stuff, that’s always going to be a focus and always going to be a concern and making sure there’s no part of the community, part society that doesn’t feel for whatever reason, that these tools are for them. And so, we’ll want to continue innovating to make sure that everyone feels engaged and involved. And that’s going to be a long, long tail of activity that I’m sure we’ll continue over time.

Eve: [00:31:03] So this is your baby. And recently you stepped down as CEO. And I’m wondering why and what your role is now?

Chris: [00:31:13] Well, I’ve been running the company for 10 years, and I think for me, the main focus of what I wanted to do was prove that this model worked, and I feel like I got to a natural moment where we had demonstrated the viability of this model. We had a really strong case studies, the kind of core metrics of the company as performance metrics, including that kind of that success rate that I mentioned to you, were tracking along really nicely. And there was a lot of goodwill and a lot of feel-good factor towards what was going on in Spacehive, like the kinds of projects that people are doing and the impact it was having. And I think this is a complex space. The civic environment is not something you can change overnight. And I think like most CEOs, you look at what’s the right moment to hand over its more normal for founding CEOs to do that than to stick the whole hall. And I think for me, I felt there were other people out there who would be better placed than me to lead this second phase of our journey, and we found somebody really fantastic, Misha Dhanak, who’s going to be taking the company forwards and who I’m really excited to work alongside. I think for me, it gives me the opportunity to sort of come back to if you like some of that sort of strategic thinking that kind of fed into getting the business going in the first place. And whilst knowing that I’ve got somebody who’s absolutely focused and really brilliant at the challenges that you’re going to face us as we turn are still relatively small company into a big one and really increase our impact.

Eve: [00:32:53] So then what keeps you up at night, Chris?

Chris: [00:32:58] Well, like every company, you have growing pains and challenges that relate to becoming big. I think though in our space, the thing that I think about a lot is that for Spacehive to be really successful, we’re going to have to remain super thoughtful about the kind of incredibly sensitive and privileged position that we’re in here, as a platform. Sitting at the intersection between what communities want to change in their community and the area, the capital that’s needed to actually make those projects happen, you know, in the range of stakeholders that come together through Spacehive to get behind these projects. It’s a very exciting place to be. But we also have a lot of responsibility to act in a way that promotes the public interest and delivers genuine impact. And I think, you know, we’ve seen in many cases in recent years how technology companies can start with the best of intentions and some sometimes end up causing, shall we say, unwanted side effects, social side effects. So I am very mindful of that, and I want to make sure that that we remain mindful of that as a company. I think Spacehive is overwhelmingly a force for good and has good answers to some of the challenges that people rightly raise about this model, about any new model. And we need to we need to continue to be mindful of those and address them. But you know, as you get big, as you scale and as this becomes a new normal way of doing things. Of course, the sense of responsibility you have to get this right and to act in a proper way that promotes the public good is key.

Eve: [00:34:42] Well, Chris, I can’t wait to see what’s next and I want to say this, the door is always open for a Spacehive Pittsburgh hub. If you get to that point.

Chris: [00:34:54] I would be very delighted.

Eve: [00:34:54] Because it’s a fabulous model, and I think you need to find partners who kind of know the local, I suppose, movers and shakers, right?

Chris: [00:35:06] Yeah, absolutely. I mean, you know, I mean, honestly, that it’s something that I’ve always been obviously really excited about doing, expanding space in the U.K. and just, and bringing that kind of model to other communities across the world. We’ve had some amazing conversations and you’ve been part of some of them. We connected at different international conferences and so on with different mayors in different cities and so on. So I think the opportunity is obviously there. But don’t underestimate the importance of really understanding and being sensitive to what is distinctive about these different cultures and countries and making sure that you, that you’re able to adapt and get it right. I want to make sure that as and when we do that, that it’s done right. And so, it may be a little while yet, but ….

Eve: [00:35:58] That’s okay.

Chris: [00:35:59] It would be a wonderful thing.

Eve: [00:36:01] Yes, it would be. Well, thank you so much for joining me today, and I hope we can do it again sometime.

Chris: [00:36:06] It was lovely to chat. Thanks, Eve.Eve: [00:36:19] That was Chris Gourlay. Spacehive is a testament to Chris’s passion. And it took just 10 years of his life. He has lots more to do. I can’t wait to see what the next 10 years holds. You can find out more about this episode, or others you might have missed, on the show notes page at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co. There’s lots to listen to there. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon, but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Chris Gourlay and Spacehive

Buckle up!

September 29, 2021

Samson Williams isn’t one to think small.

While studying for a Ph.D. in emergency management, he dropped out of school to build an Enterprise Incident Management Center out in the real world. He then spent over five years at Fannie Mae developing strategies to prevent emergencies and crises.

A vocal advocate of blockchain, Samson holds a certificate in Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Law from UNH, and worked in Dubai for two years at the cutting edge of financial technologies. This grew into Axes and Eggs, an international consultancy. Oh yeah, and he wrote two books on the space economy.

Samson has worked in various roles as an advisor and strategist, serial entrepreneur, ‘accidental investor’ and teacher, but since January of last year Samson has been serving as president of, and evangelist for, the Crowdfunding Professional Association. As he says, “Crowdfunding ain’t your grandfather’s capital formation. It’s probably more appropriate for your great-granddaughters, as crowdfunding will continue to evolve not only from a regulatory and compliance perspective, but also from a technology and business perspective. RegCF is now 5, which makes it just old enough to go to Kindergarten. Buckle up!”

Insights and Inspirations

  • Samson Williams is watching the crowdfunding industry evolve from the front seat, as president of the Crowdfunding Professional Association.
  • Media companies will drive investment in the future.
  • All eyes will be on crowdfunding platforms with a niche.
  • Content will be king!
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:10] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors. Those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo in order to build better for everyone.

Eve: [00:00:45] Samson Williams isn’t one to think small. He traded in working on a Ph.D. to build an enterprise incident management center out in the real world. And then he spent over five years at Fannie Mae developing strategies to prevent, well, emergencies and crises. I’ve come to know Samson as the very vocal advocate for regulation crowdfunding, in his role as president of the Crowdfunding Professional Association. However, his interest in the new doesn’t stop there. He also has a certificate in block chain and cryptocurrency law from UNH. And he worked in Dubai for two years on cutting edge financial technologies. This grew into Axes and Eggs. His international consulting firm. And, oh yeah, Samson has also written two books on the space economy.

Eve: [00:01:45] If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast or go to patreon.com/rethinkrealestate to support this podcast for the price of a cup of coffee.

Eve: [00:02:13] Hello Samson, I’m really happy to talk to you today.

Samson Williams: [00:02:17] Awesome Eve, I’m excited to be here too and we can have a real conversation. I’m excited about that as well.

Eve: [00:02:23] Yeah. So, you know, I’ve been watching you make your mark on the Crowdfunding Professional Association over the last year. You’re tackling what was rather, dare I say it, a lackluster organization that I was barely conscious of, into one really exploding with energy. And I’m wondering, you know, how and why you’re the president of the Crowdfunding Professional Association?

Samson: [00:02:50] I’m going to say why is because I missed the board meeting,s and I wasn’t there to vote against me being president. That’s the reason why.

Eve: [00:02:56] That’s always a reason.

Samson: [00:03:00] Yes. But most of my success is built on the shoulders of Scott McIntyre, Brian Belley and Devin, who were at the board, who were at the Crowdfunding Professional Association before me and the other board members, there’s about 11 or 12 of them. And so they really put in the legwork to get the organization up and running so that when I had the privilege of taking over the rounds in February of 2020, you know, most of the infrastructure was in place and we’re just now, so we just need to push down the pedal. And fortunately, or rather unfortunately, depending how you look at it, the pandemic hit and I was like, oh, I guess we should really push down this pedal fast.

Eve: [00:03:43] Oh, yeah. And I’ve been watching it go pretty fast. But what is the crowdfunding professional association? And, I mean, even if you didn’t agree, why are you president of it?

Samson: [00:03:56] Well, Crowdfunding Professional Association, it’s a trade association. It’s for crowdfunding portal owners. One of the big revelations is that if you’re a portal owner, you know, portals are what FINRA calls those platforms and entities that help entrepreneurs raise money. But portal owners themselves are small business owners. And so, on one hand, the portal owners, the platform owners, they’re busy trying to, you know, engage their customers, solicit new customers and help entrepreneurs and startups raise money on their platform. And because of that, they don’t always have the time or the bandwidth to go and advocate for certain policy changes that the Crowdfunding Professional Association does on behalf of all portal owners. So, it’s an important need. I came from the field of Fannie Mae. We’ll talk about real estate later, maybe. And so, when I was at Fannie Mae, we had the MBA, the Mortgage Bankers Association. We have the National Association of Realtors. You have these large associations that advocate on behalf of all realtors, all mortgage bankers, et cetera. And so, the crowdfunding field, let’s say it’s June 2021. In June of 2020 there were only, I’m going to go with 46 platforms, of which maybe there were only 15 that were actually active. Right now, fast forward to June 30th, 2021. I know I’m putting a time stamp to this, but that’s OK. It’s going to make a lot of sense. There’s about 67 right now. There’s 67 funding portals that are licensed by FINRA. Over half of those are currently active. When I say currently active…

Eve: [00:05:38] That’s a big change.

Samson: [00:05:39] Oh, it’s a monumental change. And because, by currently active meaning they have one or more deals on their platform at the moment.

Eve: [00:05:47] That’s a really big change, yeah.

Samson: [00:05:48] Yes. We have a friendly bet going on inside of the Crowdfunding Professional board whether we’ll have more than a hundred or less than 100 by the end of the year. When I say 100, I mean crowdfunding portals.

Eve: [00:06:01] Yeah, I think that’s possible. So, you know, I appreciate the advocacy because, you know, I have a crowdfunding portal, Small Change, and I’m a member of the association. And I really became aware of it when you guys drafted a letter to President Biden in January when his administration, let me see if I get this right, froze the regulations that were ready to be approved. And one of those, was pretty major changes to the crowdfunding rules, Regulation Crowdfunding, that really make it a lot better. And you guys stepped in with a letter that apparently President Biden read.

Samson: [00:06:41] Yes. And so, so when the administration transitioned from POTUS 45, to POTUS 46, President Biden, in the last days of President Trump’s administration, he pushed through a variety of changes. And so when the new president took over, Biden, he was like, hey, we’re going to call time out on all of these changes. And one of those changes were the rule change, rule updates rather, to the Jobs Act, in regards to raising the limit from one million to five million for Reg CF and from 50 million to 75 million for Reg A+. Those are like the two big things that people tend to focus on. But the details, down further in the details were the other rule changes for testing the waters, blue sky rules, special purpose vehicles, SPVs and so,

Eve: [00:07:32] And self-verification of accredited investors. That’s one I really like.

Samson: [00:07:35] Yes.

Samson: [00:07:36] Yes. Because there’s a slew of rules.

Eve: [00:07:38] There’s a slew of rules, yeah.

Samson: [00:07:40] And so the Crowdfunding Professional Association, we’ve been advocating for those rule changes for quite some time. Again, just to make it, as, you as a small business owner, as a portal owner, your job, your business gets a little bit easier. If you have bright line rules you know how to operate in. And then it’s just easier, particularly for, if it’s easier for you to onboard investors, because it’s great to onboard issuers, but it’s even better to onboard investors. So, this is where the CfPA is always advocating to, how do we remove some of the speed bumps from that process?

Eve: [00:08:15] Yeah, that’s great. I certainly don’t have time for it, so it’s really fantastic. But I want to go back to you. I mean, Samson, what is it you actually do for a day job? I’ve read marine space economist, professor, crisis management expert and podcast host for the space economy. So tell us all.

Samson: [00:08:37] By training I’m an anthropologist. I’m a cultural anthropologist, which led me by a very roundabout, not linear, path into crisis management at a small startup called Fannie Mae. You may recall in 2008, Fannie Mae had a little, small, tiny crisis, and so I showed up as their crisis manager in 2008.

Eve: [00:09:02] Oh, wow!

Samson: [00:09:03] Fortunately, I mean, I didn’t know what they did at the time, but it turns out neither did they. So, we figured it out together. And that’s the benefit of having someone who’s not entrenched in your business. Meaning, I’m there to put out the fire. I don’t necessarily know how to your business works, but I do know how to put out a fire. And then how do we recover? And my first day was March 24th, 2008. It was a 90-day contract because is a little emergency. And so, eight years later, I left.

Eve: [00:09:32] Wow.

Samson: [00:09:34] I went to Ireland in 2016 to work for a peer-to-peer lending platform, which was super cool. And then I was the Irish ambassador for alternative finance for a year from 2017 and 2018. And I’m Blexican, from Texas, so I’m not very Irish but I had a phenomenal time being the Irish ambassador and traveling around the EU and giving the keynote in Athens, Greece, about the wild, wild west of cryptocurrencies. So, this was in 2017 where, when the ICOs, the initial coin offerings were taking off, and I was trying to explain to everyone that initial coin offerings are just unregulated crowdfunding.

Eve: [00:10:20] Yes.

Samson: [00:10:21] So, on one hand, it’s, hey, they’re unregulated, but on the other hand, it shows that there’s power in retail investor, that retail investors are hungry for investment opportunities. And so that led me back, there was there is a brief two-year stint in Dubai doing some fintech stuff, but that led me back to here, to America. And so when I came back in December of 2019, I was like I should probably figure out what I’m going to do here for the CfPA because in my head, the future of capital markets is, one, content driven, meaning if you’re listening to this podcast, that’s part of the content and, two, it’s also crowdfunded. And so, when we think about that, the reason so many people download your podcast, I think you’re up to eight thousand downloads now you said, is that…

Eve: [00:11:15] Per month.

Samson: [00:11:16] Yeah, per month. That’s how people consume their information. And so now if they’re listening to this, like, oh, yeah, crowdfunding is super interesting. What does that mean? And so, when issuers also come on your platform, you’ll see that in the future crowdfunding platforms, they’re going to be media companies first and then part of the entertainment being crowding the engagement of the audiences, now that you’ve listened to this great, wonderful issuer, click here to invest with your, you know, invest not only your time in listening, but also your dollars in the company itself.

Eve: [00:11:50] So, yeah, I wanted to explore that a bit, because recently you wrote a post which really caught my eye called Crowdfunding Isn’t Static. I’m going to post that on my website if anyone wants to find it. And I wanted to explore what that post is about. You said a whole bunch of things that I thought were fascinating. One was that no funding portals are profitable. What’s that about?

Samson: [00:12:14] Oh, that’s just a recognition of the state of the business at the moment. I think I said, in my next bullet point, that some will be profitable by the end of 2021. So, when you look at the legacy platforms, those who came out in 2012, when the Jobs Act first got signed into law, even before the Reg CF portion got signed in 2016, those platforms, they paid the iron price to gain that market share. But, just based upon their deal flow, again, this is all you pull it out of Edgar, off the SEC, It’s all public information, based upon their overhead and their deal flow, you can like, oh, you actually have not made a dollar. Then fast forward. You have the innovations that are occurring in the crowdfunding space and those innovations, I love small change, not just because Eve is the founder and CEO, but because you have a specific vertical, you’ve got great content, your messaging is crystal clear, your on-boarding process is very streamlined. And so, there’s a lot of operational efficiencies that go into that in addition to what is the user experience. So, I like to tell people that, particularly on the Reg CF side, Reg CF just turned five on May 16th of 2021. It’s now old enough to go to kindergarten. And this kindergartner that is Reg CF, by the time it hits third grade it’s going to look completely different. And so, part of it is, for the legacy platforms that came out early on in 2012, 2014, they paid the iron price to gain that market share. They’re currently not profitable, but neither is Uber, by the way. So just take that with a grain of salt.

Eve: [00:13:56] Oh, yeah. Do I know it.

Samson: [00:13:58] Now, again, last year there was only about 40 platforms, now there’s about 65. By the end of the year, we might have another 35 platforms that are FINRA licensed. There’s just a level of innovation that comes from different entrepreneurs seeing the market, seeing the industry, and saying, that’s a pain point, that’s a pain point, that’s a pain point, let’s improve the process. And I’m really excited about some of the mobile applications, the mobile apps that are coming out for crowdfunding because they’re working a level of widgetry that is stellar.

Eve: [00:14:33] So lots of change going on. It’s an innovative space. You know, some of the non-regulation crowdfunding platforms, I think about this a lot, that are legacy platforms, like Fundrise, just have done really well not in that space. I wonder why. And I think probably it’s because they’re, how can I say this, I don’t want to say they’re more traditional, but they but they do reach a more traditional educated audience. I’m really thinking about the real estate platforms like Fundrise and RealtyMogul and Patch of Land. All of those came out really early on, before Reg CF was finalized and they’ve done very, very well. But they don’t have the burden of FINRA and the SEC looking over their shoulders, which is really pretty expensive for funding portals, tiny little businesses that almost have to run a compliance shop as well, right?

Samson: [00:15:29] No, you’re 100 percent correct. And so part of it is that investing, rather investing as a learned behavior, as is wealth management. And so if you’re engaging retail investors, rather, if you’re engaging customers, they might not know that they can be investors. So while they’re accustomed to buying a good product or service, they don’t know that they can invest in that. And in the real estate game, renters understand renting. And at some point, everyone is a renter. But it’s hard to explain to someone, oh, you cannot only rent this place, but you can also purchase this equity or contribute to the construction of this building. And so that’s a different level of education and just awareness that people that are already accredited, it’s not that they’re sophisticated, they just have been taught. It’s been passed down. You know, investing is a learned behavior. They’ve learned how to become investors. And so, when you’re looking at Fundrise and Patch of Land and RealtyMogul, they’re crowdfunding in the sense of their community are creating investors. And so, they’re going out to their community, having creating investors, and then using their platforms as a very smooth Excel spreadsheet to say we have this building. Here are the number of people who invested in this building, here’s their names, here’s the amount of money that they invested. Here’s the cap rate or the imputa for this building. Here’s the dividend or share we’re going to pay for that. So crowdfunding platforms in the Reg A+ plus world, they’re really just used as a tool. They’re a shovel. They help organize who’s on your, who’s in the deal?

Eve: [00:17:14] Mm hmm. You know, the other thing I’ve struggled with a lot is insurance. And I don’t know if the Crowdfunding Professional Association’s ever going to tackle that, but insurance for funding portals is really expensive. Have you come across that?

Samson: [00:17:30] No., tell me more so I can take this up. We love having new issues.

Eve: [00:17:35] Oh, forty thousand a year. To get decent insurance coverage. My suspicion is that there are quite a few funding portals that don’t have insurance because they can’t afford it. But, you know, insurance against, liability insurance in case you’re dragged into a lawsuit by an investor, even if they don’t understand and it’s a wrongful lawsuit you still have to pay the legal fees. Insurance is very expensive. It’s a brand new industry and we’re all paying the price for that. So, yeah, I’d love to take it up.

Samson: [00:18:06] That’s a super good point that you bring up. We haven’t had anyone discuss it. And now that you bring it up, I’m like, hmm, how many of them don’t have, you know, areas and emission insurance and liability insurance? So I’m going to definitely follow up on you, because some of them, as they operate as broker dealers, rather part of the innovation in the crowdfunding space is a number of broker dealers or BDs who, they sometimes they take offense when I call it poaching. It’s not that they’re poaching Reg CF deals, but they see the opportunity of engaging startups, early on in the process, so that when they’re at a level where they need to raise more than five million dollars now, it’s like, OK, now they’re already in that sales funnel for the BD, and BDs they have better insurance.

Eve: [00:18:54] It’s deal flow for them. Funding platforms are deal flow for them.

Samson: [00:18:59] 100 percent deal flow.

Eve: [00:19:01] It’s interesting. It’s like the McDonald’s and Burger King story. I’ve always wondered if it’s true that McDonald’s does all the market research about where they should be located. And Burger just tries to locate next to McDonald’s.

Samson: [00:19:17] I mean, I’m assuming, I sometimes live in Fort Lauderdale, and so there is a Chick-fil-A and directly next to the Chick-fil-A is a Sonic and I’m assuming Sonic’s like, yeah, we’re just going to put our place next to Chick-fil-A.

Eve: [00:19:31] You can save a lot of money doing that, right? It’s pretty smart, actually.

Samson: [00:19:36] That is pretty smart. And so, what broker dealers are doing in the Reg CF space, it’s a f0rm system. You know, it’s like if you’re following a sports team, they have the G League or the forum system so that it develops a talent, so that they can go to the pros. And so, in the broker dealer world, they didn’t have that before. It was just, you know, just a hot mess of startups and entrepreneurs were like, yeah, we’re worth a trillion dollars on our Excel spreadsheet. And you’re like, really? And so now, this is where, sometimes I’ll give it a little bit of shade to the VCs and the sharks, but at the end of the day, Reg CF crowdfunding, it makes for a healthier ecosystem, because issuer’s, startups, entrepreneurs and founders, they have greater awareness of here’s what’s required by the SEC, by the funding portal, these objective criteria to be business ready. So now that a startup is business ready, then depending on the platform they select, they go to Small Change. Small change says here’s our process to be platform ready. And then they can go on to test to see, whether or not they’re investor ready. And of course, the only people who can really define if you’re, really tell you if you’re investor ready are the investors who write checks.

Eve: [00:20:55] Right. Yeah, well in real estate, it’s a little bit different because eventually they won’t go on to broker dealers, but they’ll get bigger and bigger bank loans, and they’ll start to interest bigger and bigger investors. So I think we’re trying to give a leg up in the real estate industry. It’s slightly different, but same idea, right? So what do you think the potential is that Reg CF holds?

Samson: [00:21:21] So one of the reasons I left Fannie Mae was actually to explore the mortgage market for Reg CF, because, you know, if you’re a school teacher or a firefighter, you should be able to crowdfund a mortgage. That should be technically possible. Right now for a variety of reasons we’re not there yet, but, you know, again, Reg CF is only in kindergarten. Wait till it hits middle school. And so, where I see there’s a whole new class of investor called an ‘investermer’, meaning a customer that’s now an investor. And it’s creating a generation, particularly of digital natives who have the expectation that if they are a customer, or a client of a business, they should also be an investor in that business. And that’s where we’re going to be in 2030. And sometimes people say, Samson we’re not there. I’m like, yes, when I’m talking about this, I’m talking about the future state of regulation crowdfunding, where you get on your phone, you’re able to … during the pandemic I bought a house in Texas for my mom, sight unseen, because they give you a great virtual tour. You can look at it. You can look all throughout the house. And so, we clicked buy, went to, oh it’s called Rocket Mortgages by Quicken Loans. Everything was online. Signing was online and it’s like, oh, why haven’t we been doing this the whole time?

Eve: [00:22:46] Yeah, it’s only about, ten years ago we didn’t have any of this, right?

Samson: [00:22:49] Correct.

Eve: [00:22:50] We barely had our iPhones.

Samson: [00:22:53] And so now when you’re asking about the future, it’s, and sometimes reporter owners they hate to hear this, the future of crowdfunding is there’s going to be three different levels of crowdfunding. On the one hand, you’re going to have the media companies, you know, when your podcast is downloaded, 80,000 times a month I’m like, Eve runs a media company who also happens to offer real estate crowdfunding as a service on the side. Where you’ll have the media companies who attract the eyeballs, who attract the interest. And once they get those eyeballs and interest, then it’s like, hey, if you want to invest in this deal we just talked about here, you know, click here. And so now it becomes less about a Small Change or the platform per se, and more about the content that you push out. That’s the future. We see this with Dan Marvel over with going public, where he took the premise of Shark Tank but now through going public, everyone will be able to invest. And so that’s where one hand will be, where, hey, they’re real media companies. They have a funding portal on the back end of it. That way they can give their audience clear, specific direction. At the end of the, either the podcast or the video, to click here to invest now. And then on the bottom end, you’re going to have the invest now button, meaning you’re going to have many platforms who, they’re a utility. So, to make this a little bit simpler to understand, Eve has someone ever asked you who your ISP is?

Eve: [00:24:33] No.

Samson: [00:24:34] No one cares who your internet service provider is, right? You have Comcast or Verizon, no-one, like, cares.

Eve: [00:24:40] Right, right.

Eve: [00:24:40] Because that’s not your business. You’re not in the quote unquote Internet business and so on the other end of the spectrum is, you have an, maybe John Long Lasalle, CBRE, or other small real estate developers who want to keep all the traffic on their website. And so, you’re going to have, right now we’re calling them private labels or black labels, so you have white label crowdfunding platforms, black label crowdfunding platforms or private label crowdfunding platforms is, they go to rethinkrealestateforgood.co and she’s like, hey, rethinkrealestateforgood.co, here’s the deal we’re offering. And it looks from the user’s experience, they never leave that website. However, on the back end is Small Change, is one of the platform providers where they just provide a button so that you get all of, the issuer gets all of the benefit of the organic traffic, the potential customers and investors stay on the issuer’s website. And what this will enable is so that, one, during your crowdfunding campaign, it’s really just a marketing campaign for your good product or service. Let’s just, I’m drinking tea this morning so I’m just going to use this. You know, I’m selling this tea on my tea website. And so, you have the opportunity to either purchase my tea product or invest x into this business all on the same site. Where those are private label. And at that juncture, the platforms, they’re charging very nominal fees. They’re going to be charging somewhere between one to three percent to do that. Because it’s a utility at that at that juncture. Not too unlike Square, which does credit card processing. So, it’s like on one end you have media companies. On the other end you have, we’re just going to call them the credit card process platforms, meaning they’re a utility on the back end. You never, you won’t even know their name. Because in that instance, it’s all about the founder, it’s all about the founder’s business. But there is a button there. And then it’s, well, no-one cares who actually provides that button. And this is part of the innovation because, right now, the emphasis is on, hey, we’re Wefunder, hey, we’re StartEngine, hey we’re Fundrise. It’s the brand. The platform is selling you the brand. But the future, it’s not brand based. Because that brand base of, hey, we’re this fancy brand, that’s going, that market is going to shrink a little bit, because…

Eve: [00:27:28] Interesting. That’s a really interesting way to think about it.

Samson: [00:27:31] Well, yeah, when you think of crowdfunding as a shovel, as they say, a utility, a tool, because you have to look at it, we were talking about compliance earlier, particularly for portals, portals can’t do marketing, direct marketing for issuers. They can’t provide a lot of services that broker dealers can provide. But broker dealers have different insurance requirements.

Eve: [00:27:57] You mean they can’t, they can’t do, they have limited marketing. We can certainly do marketing, but it’s pretty constrained.

Samson: [00:28:04] Yes, it is very, and so that’s one of the things we’re trying to work out with the SEC. It is super constrained to the point, it’s like, oh, my goodness.

Eve: [00:28:13] Yes, let’s say nothing.

Samson: [00:28:15] Yeah, and so right now when you go on a brand name funding portal, the funding portal is telling you this is the brand. They’re saying we have thousands of investors who come to this portal. But the data is telling us that when issuers go to raise money, they’re raising money from, they’re using portals as a way to organize their friends and family round, number one, which is why last year the average raise was $266,000. That’s friends and family. RC round. I’m sorry, you have a question?

Eve: [00:28:52] And that was the average for successful offerings, right?

Samson: [00:28:55] Correct.

Eve: [00:28:57] Yeah, I think the average I read on the SEC was 100,000 if you include the unsuccessful offerings.

Samson: [00:29:05] 100 percent correct. And this is where you have to have that moment of, oh, Reg CF portals? They’re a utility. But there’s ways to make money off of utilities, off of being utility servers, but you have to really be thinking what does the next, you know, what does 2030 to look like? And so, there’s going to be some folks, some portals, who have a brand, like Small Change, because you provide a very distinct service in a specific niche. So, part of the reason that George Pullen and I, we focus on the space economy is that, there are issuers, there are founders, who want to raise money, who are in the space economy, who don’t want to run and don’t want to go through the process of, you know, having a invest now button on their button. They want to come to someone who they can trust and be like, hey, we have a satellite company, we have this data company, we’re a materials manufacturer, we’re trying to get Nasa, we’re trying to get our product on the moon, help us. So, there’ll be a couple of brand names that people turn to because they offer a specific specialization.

Eve: [00:30:21] And what’s in the middle?

Samson: [00:30:23] That is the middle. That is the middle.

Eve: [00:30:25] That is the middle, OK.

Samson: [00:30:26] The specialization where, so, for instance, for Small Change, what kind of offerings does Small Change offer?

Eve: [00:30:35] Are you asking me?

Samson: [00:30:36] I am asking you.

Eve: [00:30:37] Ok, well, we have real estate offerings, but we actually don’t raise money unless a real estate project scores at least 60 percent on our Change Index. And that means that they must be making some sort of impact, whether it’s job creation, an incubator, filling a vacant site, energy issues, it could be a whole variety of things, it’s not all of them. Affordable housing, obviously, but, you know, a fix and flip in the middle of a Texas suburb or a Dunkin Donuts is not the sort of real estate that we’re going to raise money for. So, we’re trying to, with our platform, provide not only a financial return, but a triple bottom line return to anyone who wants to invest. That’s very specific.

Samson: [00:31:29] And you’re super specific because you’re very clear to your, to the potential issuers. That, one, needs to be a real estate deal, first and foremost. It needs to have some kind of change index or social impact that aligns to your ethos. So, you’re already, you’ve got two inches wide and you’re about to go a mile deep. That’s the middle. At the top, you have the media companies who have crowdfunding portals attached to them. At the bottom, you have just the utilities who, there’s a button that says invest now, no one actually knows who owns that button. In the middle, it’s, hey, we want to raise money for a real estate project that has a social impact that hits these 60 percent of this change index? Oh, that’s a Small Change deal, because you’re building up that ecosystem. It’s a niche. Niche isn’t the right word, you’re specialized. And so, this is where, for us, why we focus on space and the space economy. There’s a Southern gentleman named Aaron. He’s from Spaced Ventures, S.P.A.C.E.D. Ventures. They’re technically our competitors and I love the fact that they exist, because when it’s just me and George talking about, hey, we’re trying to raise money for space businesses, they’re like, you two are lunatics, but when there’s Spaced Ventures out there, who’s right now going through the process, they just got their FINRA license in May, I want to say like May 20th of 2021.

Speaker2: [00:33:03] And they’re going through their BD process, because now I tell people absolutely, this is Aaron, he’s in Spaced Ventures. You should check them out if you’re looking to raise money for your space-based business, because it’s the specialization where the future is. So, it’s at three parts. Media companies at the top. They’re doing the big 50 to 75 million-dollar Reg As, baby IPOs. Then you have this specialization, meaning, if you want to do real estate with social impact in it, that hits this change index, you’re going to Small Change, it’s not a discussion. And then it’s, if you want to do space, it’s, you know, Spaced Ventures, Brite.us, and then it’s the utility guys who are, they’re just the ISP providers, no one knows who they are.

Eve: [00:33:48] Interesting. I’m going to have another conversation with you about this offline. There’s one more topic to cover and that’s blockchain. You teach blockchain, FinTech and more as a professor, and I want to know why and how you became a blockchain expert.

Samson: [00:34:08] So in 2014, was that Fanny, I was talking to, it was like eight or nine o’clock at night, I was talking to our, the chief information security officer, a guy by the name of Anthony Johnson, he’s wicked smart. So, he’s like, hey, you should buy some Bitcoin. I don’t know what that is, Anthony. So, he explained it to me and I was like, OK. And then I was sitting in a meeting for operations and technology. My last two years, I was the deputy chief of staff for the Operation Technology Executive Office. And so, I was sitting in a meeting and we do this thing called the now, the new and the next. So, now is what technology are we currently dealing with? New is what technology will be new in 24 months, 24 to 36 months, and then the next is five years over the horizon. What is the technology that we’ll be engaging? So, in 2014, the next technology was blockchain. So, I was like, I don’t know what that is. And so, when we talk about blockchain or distributed ledger technology, there’s going to be a tipping point in the mortgage industry where you, right now, you can sort of fractionalize, or tokenize, deals but the real game changer will be when we finally get rid of title companies. Because it’s like, why am I paying this stupid title fee for every transaction?

Eve: [00:35:33] And why are these transactions so complicated? That’s the other one, right?

Samson: [00:35:37] Correct. Correct. It’s like, we should know who owns this piece of paper. We learned this in 2008. And so with distributed ledger technology, it’s a great way of tracking records. And so we should be able to track title, who owns the commercial paper, who owns the mortgage backed security, who has the right to foreclose, our redemption on this piece of paper. There are a lot of really smart people working on that. It’s not quite yet there. There’s some infrastructure changes that have to take place. But again, put on your time travel hat. I can see in the future where you walk up to a house and you just scan the little QR code, the house of lets you and by yourself, you walk around, you make an offer and you hit buy now. Amazon could probably roll this out today if they wanted to.

[00:36:32] That would be great.

[00:36:33] Yeah. So this is where I came into contact with blockchain. And what’s very important for people to understand is, you know, blockchain is not going to save the world. The easiest application of blockchain are cryptocurrencies. Right now you can make a cryptocurrency in about six minutes. Cryptocurrencies are really just a marketing campaign. And so, if you ignore the ‘we’re going to overthrow the government and get rid of the banks’, blockchain is just a really good way of encrypting records of data. And so…

Eve: [00:37:07] That was always my thought. I’ve always thought blockchain holds really serious possibilities because I’ve done plenty of real estate transactions, which have really looked ridiculous in the paperwork and the data and how to store it. But I’m not convinced about cryptocurrency. And I want someone to convince me.

Samson: [00:37:30] That’s not going to happen here because the challenge is money, and this is the anthropologist in me, is you have a social contract and so the social contract is we’re going to follow these sets of rules, and that’s what sets governments up. And so, right now the biggest thing that I caution people with cryptocurrencies, is so long as you have to work to earn said cryptocurrency, it doesn’t matter if you get paid in pesos, rubles, dollars, bitcoin or doge, you still have to work for it. And so, in which case, now we have to have a larger conversation about what is a living wage, because I don’t care what your wage is denominated in, you still have to work for it. Does your wage include health insurance, childcare, affordable housing? What is affordable housing? And then, when you have that conversation with crypto, with bitcoin maxis, bitcoin maximalists, or cryptocurrency enthusiasts, they’re like, oh, I’m like, yes, that digital thingamajiggy you’re referring to as currency, it doesn’t actually solve any of the social issues with, you know, our modern society and how a largely unchecked capitalism has shaped our world around us.

Eve: [00:38:48] Well, said, Samson. Yeah.

Samson: [00:38:49] This is why that doesn’t work out so well, at least in my opinion.

Eve: [00:38:53] And in fact, it’s creating a problem because we have an energy crisis and bitcoin consumes a huge amount of energy. And I’m sort of really stunned that people don’t pay more attention to that. Where is that going?

Samson: [00:39:11] Part of it is we never had a, this isn’t in defense of Bitcoin, but we never looked at the carbon footprint of our banking infrastructure or our credit card processing.

Eve: [00:39:21] Oh, that’s an interesting thought.

Samson: [00:39:23] Because we just never, was like, oh, yeah, it’s a point-of-sale machine. Like, I have no idea what the carbon footprint of all the point-of-sale machines are. But now there’s that conversation. And so it’s not that cryptocurrencies don’t have a role because we have so much money going … if you, quote unquote, invested in an ICO between 2016 and 2018, you really funded 26.2 billion dollars of research and design. That’s what you did, because that money that flooded into the cryptocurrency market, it went for faster processing, for chips, for Nvidia. And when you got people interested in cryptology and math, people who had to actually learn about what is money. And so this is where the benefit of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency is. It’s brought a whole new class of education, a whole new interest for people to figure out. This system, I call Bitcoin a flashlight. This system, does it work? Now, we have highlighted, pointed out, its inefficient, it doesn’t work. What’s the solution? Ninety nine percent of the time, the solution is not Bitcoin or blockchain. But now that we know it’s broke, or now that we can publicly acknowledge it doesn’t work as it should, how can we fix this? And so, this is where blockchain and Bitcoin, it’s not all bad because it has spurred some innovation, and I will put an asterisk into this to say that when we talk about the space economy, when we talk about machine to machine payments, micro payments, we are talking about some type of digital currency. It won’t be bitcoin. It won’t be a cryptocurrency. It will be a government issued. But then we have to have a larger conversation about, oh man, Eve, you’ve got me on this rant, because it ends up with when we have to talk about the universal basic income and privacy rights. In the sense that, if you have a central banked, issued, digital currency, the challenge with programmable money is, I can say that any product that has more than x percent of sugar or fructose in it, you can’t purchase it with this product. So that creates an immediate black market. You might not care about that until you think about, hey, if we have these digital currencies that are issued by the Fed, or it might be that the currencies pay themselves, pay taxes automatically. It might be that you can’t make end-of-life decisions because you can’t pay for your particular medical procedures because that’s not authorized. Because, again, this is programmable money. So, it opens up an ethical debate, not necessarily a technological one, because if you ask me, right, yeah, we can build it for you, you know, it might take about 20 minutes to do. But just because you can do it, it doesn’t mean that you should do it.

Eve: [00:42:25] Sounds like you need a philosopher on your team, next.

Samson: [00:42:27] 100 percent. Yeah.

Eve: [00:42:29] I’ve got one of those in-house. Samson, I have one more question for you, and that is, what’s next for you?

Samson: [00:42:39] So I didn’t actually answer your question at the beginning of this podcast. You said, why are you president of the Crowdfunding Professional Association? So, one, I don’t mind being president. I actually love it because I have a bias for action coming from crisis management. We’re going to have a discussion, we’re going to make a decision then we’re going to execute. Often enough, people, they discuss something then they get stuck in analysis paralysis. And I’m like, we’re not doing that. And so, with the Crowdfunding Professional Association I liken it, very similar to when David Stern took over the NBA in the early 80s. The NBA was bankrupt, and it had no viewership. The games were rowdy. And he transitioned that league into the NBA we know now. And so, when I’m thinking about the Crowdfunding Professional Association, I’m really thinking about, we are going to have, by 2022, we’re going to have between 150 and 200 funding portals. We’re going to have between 150 and 200 small business owners who don’t have the bandwidth to advocate on the Hill, to advocate at the local level for intrastate crowdfunding. And they need a voice. And so, when I look at where the Crowdfunding Professional Association is going in the future, it’s on par with the National Association of Realtors. It’s on par with the Mortgage Bankers Association, because what we do, what the Crowdfunding Professional Association does, what Small Change does, you create jobs. When you have a real estate project that hits your social change index, you not only change society you also create hyper local jobs.

Samson: [00:44:27] And so, this is why I’m super passionate about crowdfunding, because I do want to live in a better society. I want to live in a better world. And we achieve that when we invest locally, when we invest in people who we know, when we invest in our community. And so last year, crowdfunding raised, Reg CF, raised 214 million, which is a lot, total, but it was 105 percent increase over 2019. This year, already in 2021, you have to double check this with Woody Neiss, we’re on track to do a little over 450 million dollars raised as an industry. Next year, we’re going to blow past a billion. And so, when you fast forward to 2030 and you say, alright Samson what’s a reasonable amount a number that the Reg CF industry raises every year by 2030? Conservatively, I’m putting that number around 12 and a half billion dollars a year. And it’s like, how is that possible, right? It’s a change, it’s a fundamental change and something I will fight on this field forever, customers have more money than VCs. And so, it’s like, VCs use entrepreneurs and founders to tap into customer pockets. And so, when we’re talking about crowdfunding, particularly the retail revolution, we’re saying technology is going to provide greater transparency and access to early stage investing that has traditionally been held by the one percent, by the elite. And so this is where I see crowdfunding going as a whole. And this is why I get so excited about it.

Eve: [00:46:07] Well, Samson, I really appreciate you taking the time to talk to me today. You are a great leader. And I’m going to be a forever member of the Crowdfunding Professional Association, at least as long as you’re leading it.

Samson: [00:46:20] No, no, there’s, trust me, I am just the loudest one. All the brain power, it comes from Sara Hanks, it comes Maureen Murat, it comes from Jenny Kassan, it comes from Devin Thorpe. I just happen to be the loud one because they’re out executing. They’re out building relationships. And so, I just happened to have the pom poms out. So, I encourage everyone, if you’re listening, join the CfPA, because part of it is, if you’re a small business owner who happens to run a funding portal, tell us what your pain points are. We’re that’s what we’re there for. We’re going to go try to figure them out. It can be like, hey, what’s up with the insurance? Is like, that’s a good point. Let’s go find that out. Or it could be like, hey, we want to change, right now, we’re working with the Florida Office of Financial Regulations to improve the intrastate rules for Florida. Again, for me, it’s how do we create local jobs? People need jobs. And so that’s what we’re doing.

Eve: [00:47:21] Thank you so much, Samson.

Samson: [00:47:23] Awesome. Thank you very much Eve.

Eve: [00:47:41] That was Samson Williams, an altogether energetic person. He’s watching the crowdfunding industry evolve from the front seat as president of the Crowdfunding Professional Association. And here’s what he’s seeing. Media companies will drive investment in the future. All eyes will be on crowdfunding platforms with a niche, like Small Change. And finally, content will be king.

Eve: [00:48:16] You can find out more about this episode or others you might have missed on the show notes page at rethinkrealestateforgood.co or you can support us at patreon.com/rethinkrealestate for the price of a cup of coffee. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Samson Williams

One year. 41 more conversations.

July 28, 2021

41 amazing people. 41 inspiring conversations.

Cynthia Muller. Richard Rothstein. Andre Perry. Charmaine Curtis. Lyneir Richardson. Darryl Scipio. Libby Seifel. Beth Silverman. Patrick Quinton. Daniel Parolek. Charles Durrett. Heather Hood. Diana Lind. Scott Flynn. Atticus LeBlanc. Sam Ruben. Andrew Luong. Stephanie Gripne. Shannon Mudd. Ken Weinstein. Garry Gilliam. Andy Williams. Daniel Dus. Patrice Frey. Bruce Katz. Christopher Leinberger. David Peter Alan. Annie Donovan. Michael Shuman. Dan Miller. Scott Ehlert. Katie Faulkner. A-P Hurd. Max Levine. Brian Dally. Jonny Price. Michael Lee. Kevin Cavenaugh.

These are the rockstars of my show.

Season Three starts soon …

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:14] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the final episode of Rethink Real Estate. For Good, season 2.

My name is Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. Real estate can help to solve climate change, can house people affordably, can create beautiful streetscapes, unify neighborhoods and enliven cities. 

You can learn more about me at my website, rethinkrealestateforgood.co, or visit my real estate crowdfunding platform, SmallChange.co. Our projects offer impact, solve housing problems, invest in neighborhoods and give everyone the opportunity to invest and build wealth for as little as $500.

[00:01:12] Today marks the second anniversary of this podcast. Two years ago, I didn’t know that our audience would grow as it has. In fact, two years ago I wasn’t sure we would have an audience at all. Now 10,000 people download episodes every month. That’s 10,000 people who care about thoughtful and impactful real estate solutions.  Wow!  I am humbled that all of you want to listen in.

This second year has been an opportunity to learn from yet another class of extraordinary leaders and innovators in real estate. My guests are working on housing solutions, policy issues, manufacturing, in fintech, on preservation, on developing new technologies and on providing real estate metrics, on mobility issues, as architects, on sustainable development, on community capital, on equity for women and equity for minorities and in many other niches, pushing the boundaries of the built environment to be better for everyone. 

The range of work that is being accomplished is quite awe-inspiring.

[00:02:25] Perhaps the most important theme this year was equity.

Cynthia Muller, director of Mission Driven Investments at the Kellogg Foundation. has been described as a “thought leader of the impact investing ecosystem and a trailblazer in the field.” In No guilt. Just Action. she reminds us that every time there has been an opportunity for black and brown people to build an asset, to build wealth, it’s been taken away from them. Let’s change that. 

Richard Rothstein and Andre Perry have written about these inequities.In The Color of Law Richard argues for a national civil rights movement to ensure that we all get to reap the economic benefits of living in this rich and diverse country. And In Know your price, Andre share findings that homes are underpriced by 23 percent, or $48,000 per home, in majority black neighborhoods. That’s $156 billion in lost equity.

[00:03:31] Charmain Curtis, Lyneir Richardson and Darryl Scipio are a new breed of black developers. Charmain has built a successful career as a developer despite being a black woman. She didn’t realize what she was up against until she was in her 30s. In Spread the Wealth she ponders how wealth could be distributed equitably to everyone.

In Building Generational Wealth, Lyneir describes his plan to buy 100 community shopping centers with 100 community members, all focused in majority black neighborhoods. He provided the first opportunity to 140 investors on Small Change early this year.

[00:04:17] Justice runs deep with Darryl.  In Turning renters into homeowners he describes his latest passion project, Savers Village.  He aims to help every tenant save enough for a down payment on a home.

And Libby Seifel is focused on women.  In Women building collective muscle, she describes the network of women leaders in real estate she has built. After more than 30 years in the industry, she is no longer the only woman in the room, and that some of the biggest new projects in the Bay Area are being driven by women.

[00:04:56] Housing solutions are importantly getting a lot of attention.

Perhaps the boldest of these is Beth Silverman’s Lotus Project. In Radical in its Simplicity she tells us how ,for just $800, her organization can successfully house a homeless family and change the trajectory of their lives forever.

We learn about accessory dwelling units as an affordable housing solution in Yes! In My Backyard! Patrick Quinton has developed a manufactured solution that drops a 32×14 foot ADU into a typical 50-by-100-foot lot in Portland, Oregon without hitting the setbacks and without requiring city design review. And he’s raising money for this project on Smallchange.co

[00:05:48] On the west coast, Daniel Parolek, architect, coined the phrase, The Missing Middle just as the critical absence of affordable housing was becoming a major planning issue for cities nationwide. He explains what the missing middle is, why it is important and how we can build more of it. 

Charles Durrett brought co-housing from Copenhagen to the US many years ago and wrote a book about it. He explains why he’s spent a career in co-housing and how it can make people’s lives better in It takes a Village.

[00:06:27] In Northern California, Heather Hood oversees efforts for the Enterprise Community Partners that ensure low- and moderate-income residents have access to affordable, quality housing. We talk about the enormous size of this problem in The elephant in the region.

And Diana Lind wraps it up for us in Lets be Brave. She’s written a book called Brave New Home in which she argues that the single-family home is at least partly to blame for our current housing woes.

[00:07:01] Technology is rapidly transforming the real estate industry in many different ways as well.

Some of my guests, like Patrick Quinton and Scott Flynn in Manufacturing change, are focused on manufacturing affordable homes in factories. Scott’s company, IndieDwell, manufactures smaller, sustainable and affordable homes at the pace of 10 homes per week and growing.

But others are pursuing new ideas.  Atticus LeBlanc tells us about PadSplit in One Room at a time.. He wants to dramatically change how we address affordable housing by using space that is now under-used in everyday homes.

[00:07:46] Or Sam Ruben in 3D-printing, robotics and automation, oh my! His company is printing buildings and hopes to create affordable and sustainable homes with their new technology.

And finally, Andrew Luoung who has deconstructed the often lengthy and confusing process of small scale real estate investment, making it accessible to everyone.  In Andrew loves real estate he describes the online turnkey service that he has developed into Doorvest.

[00:08:20] Some guests are focused on fertilizing tranches of future impact investors and leaders.

None is more passionate than Dr. Stephanie Gripne. In The impact accelerator, she tells us about founding the Impact Finance Center with a mission to identify, train and activate philanthropists and investors to become impact investors. Her big, hairy audacious goal is to move a trillion dollars into impact investing.

Dr. Shannon Mudd is right behind her, teaching students how to invest $50,000 of real money for maximum social impact. His Young Angels are carrying this knowledge into their professional careers.

[00:09:09] Others want to pay it forward.

Like Ken Weinstein, a highly successful Philly developer whose career was inspired by his landlady in Germantown. He’s created a boot-camp for aspiring developers called Jumpstart Germantown and describes the program in Jumpstarting a community.

[00:09:32] Garry Gilliam may be best known for playing in the NFL. Today he has a second career as an impact real estate developer. He tells about his first project in The Bridge. It came about as a joint effort with Garry’s friends from the Hershey School, a philanthropic school for low-income children. That school gave them all a leg up and now they want to give back to their community. 

Or Andy Williams, a former Marine who was determined to secure his future through real estate. He’s built a substantial portfolio of homes, a real estate development business focused on larger projects, and now, a program that seeks to turn veterans into entrepreneurs just like himself.  

[00:10:23] Some guests, like Daniel Dus and Patrice Frey, are focused on building on what’s already there. Learn how Daniel is planning to redevelop the dramatically underutilized historic luxury estates of the Berkshires for the shared economy in Everything old is new again.  And in Saving Places, Patrice explains the role of the National Main Street Center in servicing the revitalization of commercial main streets in big cities and small towns alike.

Bruce Katz moves the focus back to metro areas in Cities are networks. As a foremost policy expert, Bruce argues that cities must knit together solutions. It’s an imperative. And he calls this the new localism.

Christopher Leinberger is thinking along the same lines in Back to the Future. As a renowned urban strategist, teacher, developer, researcher and author Chris thinks “Back to the Future” got it right.

[00:11:30] While David Peter Alan enchanted me in I’ve been working on the railroad with his singular passion for the country’s railway system. He has ridden the entire Amtrak system and about 300 transit providers in the U.S. and in Canada.

Annie Donovan and Michael Shuman are focused on alternative finance. Michael thinks we have it Totally backwards. Local owned businesses make up 60 to 80 percent of the private marketplace in the average U.S. community. But economic developers and subsidies almost always overlook them. And Annie believes that disruptive capital is critical for solving thorny problems. She describes her pursuit of fairness in economics and finance in The world beyond banks.

[00:12:27] A handful of guests are diversely focussed on sustainability in the built environment.  Perhaps the most interesting is Dan Miller, who has launched a platform that connects everyday investors with farmers who need loans. He’s Stewarding the Future of Farming with investments as low as $100.

Scott Ehlert and Katie Faulkner are mass timber experts.  Katie as an architect with an eye on sustainability in From here to there.  In Mass timber for the masses, Scott tells us about the installation and cost benefits of a proprietary hollow core mass timber system he is designing that uses 50% less wood fiber. And, as if that is not enough, Scott is also designing a robotic fabrication facility to anchor a new wood product innovation campus, in California.

While A-P Hurd remains focused on building Livable and delightful communities.

[00:13:28] This class of guests would not be complete without my colleagues in the crowdfunding industry.

Some like Max Levine and Brian Dally are focused on real estate.

In Hello, Neighbor we learn about Max’s Neighborhood Investment Company, which has a mission “to localize wealth creation and broaden access to neighborhood equity.”  While in Get in on the ground floor,  Brian describes the platform that he has built into the go-to funding platform if you want to fix’n flip property.

Jonny Price, previously with Kiva and now with Wefunder, is focused on Filling the “crazy” gap. There’s a common theme for Johnny – financially excluded and socially impactful businesses.And Michael Lee is Building Virtual Communities using blockchain. Instead of using blockchain for crypto, he’s using it as an organizing tool to democratize the power of data.

[00:14:31] Finally, what better way to end than with Kevin Cavenaugh a developer in a class of his own. In I do a bunch of weird stuff, you can tap into this unique developer. Left brain, right brain, head and heart all come to bear on his wildly creative buildings. “I’m tired of mocha-colored, vinyl-windowed boring. I can’t change the fact that the streets are gray, and the sky is gray. But the buildings?” says Kevin.

Phew. That’s a lot of podcasts.  I’ve enjoyed every interview with every person.  I’m in awe of them all.   But it’s time to take some time off to recharge and get ready for Season Three. We’ll be back refreshed in September with many more amazing people for you to listen to and for me to learn from.

Thank you so much for joining me.  Now go forth, invest a little in your community and make some change!

Filling the “crazy gap”.

June 30, 2021

Jonny Price has spent most of his working life in the world of microfinance, first at the nonprofit, Kiva, and now with the crowdfunding platform, Wefunder.

He started his journey from management consultant to crowdfunding guru in 2009, as a volunteer with Kiva, on an externship from his consulting job. He made the full leap over in 2011, to lead the Kiva Zip pilot project, which later became Kiva U.S. And a couple of years ago, he transitioned to Wefunder, a crowdfunding platform where everyone over the age of 18 can invest as little as $100. 

Kiva and Wefunder have a common theme for Jonny – they are aimed at  “financially excluded and socially impactful businesses.” He talks about the “crazy gap” between bank loans for established businesses, and venture capital for a select few.

Jonny is squarely in the small business corner.  He’s spending his life building alternative financing systems for businesses seeking to launch or grow – businesses that simply don’t meet the rigid criteria of our traditional financial institutions. Some of these are tiny, and some are big. But they have one thing in common – while they hold little interest for banks or venture capitalists, they certainly can add a lot of value to our economy by innovating and creating jobs.


Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:03] Hi there, thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. Real estate can help to solve climate change, can house people affordably, can create beautiful streetscapes, unify neighborhoods and enliven cities. So I’m on a journey to find the most creative thinkers and doers out there. I’m not the only one who wants to rethink real estate. You can learn more about me at EvePicker.com or you can find me at SmallChange.co, a real estate crowdfunding platform with impact real estate investment opportunities open for investment right now. And if you want to support this podcast, please join me at Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate, where there are special opportunities for my friends and followers.

Eve: [00:01:07] Today, I’m talking with Jonny Price, V.P. of Fundraising for Wefunder. Jonny Price, who spent most of his working life in the world of microfinance, first at the nonprofit Kiva and now with the crowdfunding platform, Wefunder. He started his journey from management consultant to crowdfunding guru in 2009 as a volunteer with Kiva. He made the full leap over to Kiva in 2011 to lead the Kiva Zip pilot project. This later became Kiva U.S. and a couple of years ago he transitioned to Wefunder, a crowdfunding platform where everyone over the age of 18 can invest as little as 100 dollars. Kiva and Wefunder have a common theme for Jonny. They are aimed at financially excluded and socially impactful businesses. Jonny talks about the crazy gap between bank loans for established businesses and venture capital for a select few. Venture capitalists almost exclusively focused on potential unicorns. A lot of businesses in the middle fall in between the cracks, and Jonny thinks that crowdfunding might serve them well. If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast or go to Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate to learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers and subscribe if you can.

Eve: [00:02:49] Hi, Jonny. I’m delighted to talk to you today.

Jonny Price: [00:02:52] Thank you, Eve. I’m delighted to talk with you, too.

Eve: [00:02:55] I think I’m especially delighted because you have an accent closer to the mine.

Jonny: [00:02:59] My accent actually sounds pretty Australian these days after 10 years in America. It’s becoming more and more diluted, polluted by the day.

Eve: [00:03:10] I think I’m stuck somewhere between the two, yeah. OK, so I wanted to start by asking you how someone with a degree from Cambridge in history, economics and Italian ended up at Wefunder?

Jonny: [00:03:25] Yes.

Eve: [00:03:26] Take me on the journey.

Jonny: [00:03:27] The meandering journey. Yeah. So, when I graduated from university, which was, I think 2005, I didn’t really know what I wanted to do with my history degree. And the economics and Italian, are kind of embellishments for the LinkedIn profile to impress people like you. But really, it was a history degree. So even less useful, I think you know, than having the economics. And so I didn’t really know what I wanted to do and was just kind of looking for jobs. And the management consulting guys gave out really good wine and kind of looked at their recruiting event and sold a good story of, you know, fly around the world and advise, you know, senior executives of big companies on their strategy. And so I kind of fell into that a little bit and worked for a firm called Oliver Wyman in their London office, which kind of looking back on that, I kind of maybe think I would have enjoyed my 20s if I started my career in startups and entrepreneurship. But at the time I actually really enjoyed it. A lot of people don’t like it and leave after a couple of years, but I actually kind of liked it and I decent with some good skills that it taught me. And then four years into working for Oliver Wyman, I took a what’s called a non-profit fellowship. They had this awesome scheme where you could go and volunteer for a non-profit for a few months and they actually paid you part of your salary while you were there. And so I flew to San Francisco and worked for a non-profit called Kiva.org in their San Francisco office for five months. And you probably, do you know Kiva?

Eve: [00:05:15] Oh, yeah.

Jonny: [00:05:16] So as someone in the crowdfunding, a maven of crowdfunding, you probably would. So they are, as you know, crowd funded microloans for entrepreneurs all around the world. And they kind of really burst onto the scene in 2005. When they were founded, they were on Oprah’s favorite things. Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize for microfinance. Crowdfunding was a new thing. And so, in 2009, I went to volunteer there for a few months, kind of fell in love with the mission, the team and also a girl called Ali, who is now my wife. So she’s a big part of the story because after that five months was up, I went back to London, back to Oliver Wyman. We were dating long distance. Then I got Oliver Wyman to transfer me to their San Francisco office so we could be in the same city. Then we got married and then she was like, actually, you know, you flying to Toronto on Sunday nights and flying back on Thursday nights with this management consulting thing isn’t really working for me. So how about you leave consulting? And so that was 2011. And so then I was looking for what was next. After Oliver Wyman and the guys at Kiva were looking at launching this new pilot program at the time called Kiva Zip. And they knew me from when I was volunteering there. And so it was kind of perfect timing. And I got into that in 2011. Ran that team for seven years. We can get into my exit story from Kiva if you want. And since early 2018 I have been leading the business development team at Wefunder. Sorry, that was really long-winded.

Eve: [00:06:47] No, it’s great. So, you know, I remember when Kiva came to Pittsburgh when you launched in the U.S., it was a really big deal.

Jonny: [00:06:58] Yeah. So the Kiva Zip pilot that I kind of founded back in 2011 at the time we were in both the U.S. and Kenya. After a few years, we ended up kind of winding down the Kenyan side, which is a whole other question that we can get into. Basically, it was resource constraints of trying to with very, very limited bandwidth, trying to build for small business owners in Nairobi and Pittsburgh is quite hot.

Eve: [00:07:30] Oh, yes, very, very much so.

Jonny: [00:07:32] Peter tells of bison zero to one rate while he talks about kind of starting with a very targeted customer base. We didn’t really do that on Kiva Zip. So that’s why we kind of ended up winding down the Kenyan side and then we focused on the U.S. So over time, Kiva Zip came to be known as Kiva U.S., and we brought this international microfinance model that Kiva had pioneered and crowdfunded microfinance and then brought it to entrepreneurs in the U.S. And I think we launched in Pittsburgh I want to say maybe early 2015. And I think since then we funded well over 100 small business owners and probably coming up in 200 now in Pittsburgh.

Eve: [00:08:09] Just in Pittsburgh alone. And what about in the U.S.?

Jonny: [00:08:13] When I left, we had funded 5,000 entrepreneurs. That was in the first seven years, and we did 1,500 the last year I was there and it was growing at about 30 or 40 percent a year. I think it has slowed down in the last couple of years, unfortunately. But yeah, at the time I left we had done 5,000.

Eve: [00:08:35] So what does it mean to be funded by Kiva for people who don’t know about Kiva?

Jonny: [00:08:41] So in the U.S. model, Kiva does zero percent interest crowdfunded microloans, and when I left, they were up to 25 K, although the average was just 5 K. So, if you have a barbershop or a small farm, then you know, and you need 10,000 dollars for a specific purpose rather than getting that money from a bank. I mean, banks are just not lending to small businesses these days or a conventional community development financial institution or a credit card or on deck or whatever the other options are. You could go to your customers or the Wefunder lender base. What was interesting about Kiva, unlike most crowdfunding platforms, is 80 percent of the capital is coming from Kiva’s lender base and they’re not getting an interest rate on the loans. It’s all zero interest, no fees. So they’re just lending to help entrepreneurs maybe like invest in this business, in their community or, you know, they like the story and then they just want to help. And they have money in their account, and it’s being paid to them back. And then they just relend it and it keeps cycling over and over again. So, so that was the model. So for entrepreneurs and we were we were lending to people that no one else would lend to start-up businesses, low credit scores, you know, low income entrepreneurs, two thirds actually more of the loans we made were to women entrepreneurs, 70 percent were to entrepreneurs of color. The median household income was 42,000 dollars. So we were really extending loans to small businesses that no one else was touching. And instead of them paying exorbitant punitive interest rates, they were paying zero percent. It was very kind of fun to just buck that open economic paradigm in that way.

Eve: [00:10:25] I’ll bet. Yes, yes. And then, and then Wefunder seduced you away.

Jonny: [00:10:32] Kind of. Yeah. So I, there was a new CEO who came in at Kiva in late 2017. And he basically wanted to take their program in a different direction. He didn’t think the growth rate was fast enough was what he told me. And so he asked me to step down from running it in early 2018, which was quite a shock to me. I thought things had been going very, very well. And I think he maybe and some people in the Kiva board were kind of used to kind of venture capital backed growth rates and were looking for the hockey stick, which we suddenly weren’t delivering a hockey stick. Our growth rate, as I mentioned, was like 30 or 40 percent. So, yeah, he asked me to step down, which caused me to to move away from Kiva. And thankfully, I found Wefunder. And when I left Kiva, I kind of seen a couple of big challenges with the Kiva model. Firstly, Kiva wasn’t really earning any money from making these loans. We weren’t charging an interest rate or a fee to borrowers and say the model wasn’t very economically sustainable. Kiva, as a non-profit, was reliant on grant funding, which was challenging then for us to scale. And we weren’t able to attract venture capital funding, for example, to grow very quickly. And so the growth was a little more linear. So the economic sustainability of the Kiva side was one challenge. And then the other challenge was that the lenders, because they weren’t offered a potential rates of return, the capital that they were willing to deploy was also very limited. So I think we made 25,000,000 dollars of loans when I was there. 5,000 loans and 5,000 dollars average loan. But, you know, it wasn’t like two and a half billion.

Eve: [00:12:25] And I mean, in that period of time, how much venture capital was deployed to businesses?

Jonny: [00:12:29] Exactly.

Eve: [00:12:29] Like seriously, how much? What was the number? Compared to… billions and billions.

Jonny: [00:12:35] Right. So then at Wefunder we’re charging founders a fee to raise on the platform like Kickstarter does or any crowdfunding platform apart from Kiva. And then we are offering investors, is the hope of return. And obviously investing in start-ups is super risky. A lot of them will go to zero, but some of them might hit it really big. We do loans as well on the platform where you’re getting an interest rate back on the loan and so the Wefunder model, solved the two biggest challenges I’d seen with the Kiva model and so and got to know the team and was just very, very impressed and inspired with both the mission and the caliber of the people. And it’s really been a match made in heaven and it’s been a very, very exciting and fun three and a half years.

Eve: [00:13:22] Wow. So what’s your role at Wefunder?

Jonny: [00:13:25] So my title is VP of Fundraising, and I’m basically responsible for leading a team that is focused on getting founders fundraising on the Wefunder platform. So, you know, we are investing in tech start-ups and breweries and coffee shops and movies, and we really have a pretty eclectic portfolio. But, you know, finding those founders, developing relationships with accelerators or incubators or small business development centers and then, you know, talking to those founders, explaining to them the pros and cons of regulation crowdfunding, which is what we do, and then hopefully working with them and say as they launch on the platform.

Eve: [00:14:12] So, as you know, I’m also in the regulation crowdfunding industry.

Jonny: [00:14:18] Yeah.

Eve: [00:14:19] What excites you most about crowdfunding and regulation crowdfunding in particular. What’s the potential that you think it holds?

Jonny: [00:14:30] Yeah, many things. I’ll maybe highlight three. Firstly, getting more capital flowing to found this. So, I think both in aggregate and then kind of disaggregated. So, what I mean by that is I believe that, you know, one of the reasons why entrepreneurial activity has been on the decline for decades in America is that this kind of you know, it’s harder to raise capital for early stage businesses. VCs have been going later. You know, banks are just not lending to small businesses or start-up businesses. So it’s harder and harder to raise capital. So if you read Wefunder’s, Public Benefit Corporation Charter, one of the things we’re trying to do is, you know, use democracy and use the crowd to get more capital in aggregate flowing to start-up founders and early stage entrepreneurs in America, period. And I think that’s really cool. I think there’s a lot of positive social externalities that come from people starting businesses and funding businesses. So, I’m excited about that in aggregate. And then to disaggregate right now, one percent of VC goes to black founders and three percent goes to female only founding teams versus 80 percent to male only founding teams. And 77 percent of venture capital goes to three states, California, New York and Massachusetts. I live in Nashville, Tennessee now. I moved here about a year ago from San Francisco. And it’s pretty striking to me how hard it is for families to access capital here in the heartland. I was chatting to one founder. He said, you can’t get in front of angels here until you have a million dollars in ARR, which is just insane.

Eve: [00:16:15] Yes.

Jonny: [00:16:15] And so not just more capital flowing to founders in aggregate. If the investors, you know, kind of look like the women of color in Baltimore or Nashville rather than just a lot of kind of conventional investors being kind of white men on the coasts, then hopefully we can get more equitable allocations of capital happening as well. So that’s on the founder side. And then on the investor side, basically, it’s simple, right? Why should only rich people get to participate in investing in start-ups? There’s a lot of wealth that’s being created by start-ups like imagine if the people that benefited from Uber’s IPO, the people that made like five thousand X on Uber’s IPO from that investment in the seed round instead of being a bunch of millionaires. If that had been middle class people, I just think that can be a powerful vehicle for wealth creation, kind of socio-economic mobility. And then the third point is like, and we’ve really experienced this on our own rates recently, we’ve only just raised five million dollars on for using regulation crowdfunding ourselves in partnership with a platform called Honeycomb, who you know who based in Pittsburgh.

Eve: [00:17:25] Yes, also Pittsburgh. Yes.

Jonny: [00:17:26] So Wefunder raised five million on Honeycomb from the crowd. And you see some of the messages that investors write about how they’ve been involved with Wefunder this since 2012 when we were founded, and they’re so inspired by our mission, and they’re really excited about what we’re doing. And it’s you read those comments and it’s just truly inspiring. And the point, that this third point is that trying to forge connections and, you know, tissue between founders and investors, I think can do really good things for start-ups. So obviously, consumer facing businesses, it’s probably the easiest to see if a consumer facing business raises a million dollars from a thousand people. That’s a thousand super loyal customers, brand ambassadors, champions that can help them grow the business and are now, you know, involved, and have a front row seat, you know, for the for the growth of that company. So those are the things I’m most excited about with this kind of democratic approach to raising capital.

Eve: [00:18:30] So have you seen an increase in minority or women business owners over the last year or two?

Jonny: [00:18:39] I don’t know if we’ve seen one over the last year or two. I think kind of from the outset Wefunder is always over indexed. You know whether you look at the three lenses I mentioned earlier, gender, ethnicity, geography, I think we’ve kind of over indexed versus conventional venture capital, angel investing. But on both sides of the marketplace. Right. Like working capital, flowing to underrepresented founders, but also 85 percent of angel investors in a stat I found online, I don’t know if it’s accurate, but this stat said 85 percent of angels are men, 15 percent are women.

Eve: [00:19:11] That’s, I think, that’s actually surprisingly.

Jonny: [00:19:14] Probably generous.

Eve: [00:19:14] The number’s so high for women actually.

Jonny: [00:19:17] On Wefunder it’s 70-30. Right. So we’ve still got work to do.

Eve: [00:19:20] It’s pretty good.

Jonny: [00:19:20] It’s not 50-50, but it’s, and the same on the founder side. We’re not at a level playing field yet, I would say, but suddenly we’re doing much, much better than conventional.

Eve: [00:19:31] I think real estate’s even harder. Very difficult to find female developers. And we’ve seen a rise of minority developers over the last year, which is really amazingly encouraging. But the number of women that invest in real estate is just startlingly low. I can’t believe it. I just like I. Yeah, there’s a lot of education that has to happen.

Jonny: [00:19:57] Mm hmm.

Eve: [00:19:58] It’s interesting.

Jonny: [00:20:01] Yeah, well, it’s good to be good to be working in the same space space as you as trying to, trying to move things in the right direction.

Eve: [00:20:10] Ok, let’s talk about the regulation, because, as you know, I love regulation crowdfunding, too. But it’s not a panacea. It doesn’t fix all things. What you know, what do you think are its warts and how could it be better?

Jonny: [00:20:24] Yeah, I mean, honestly, the recent changes that the SEC made, I think are very good. So, as you know, March 15th of this year, 2021, the SEC brought up some changes, some of the highlights. The headline was that, you know, the maximum amount a founder could raise increased from 1.07 million to 5 million. And that has meant that the quality of companies that are interested in raising from the crowd has increased. Which is kind of our paradigm on how we’ve got to make this industry work long term. I think one of the biggest criticisms probably valid over the last five years since the rollout of Reg CF in May 2016 has been that there is an adverse selection effect. And, you know, the best companies are going to go the conventional route of VCs. And, you know, so regulation crowdfunding is for companies that can’t raise money from real investors. And so what we are really trying hard to do as a company at Wefunder is to make that not true. And I am optimistic, but in large part because of our team, Nick Tommarello, our CEO, Greg Belote our CTO, just very, very brilliant, inspiring people that are thinking about this very, very strategically. But we are desperately trying to get to that world. And since the five million cap increase, we’ve had 30 Y Combinator companies launched on Wefunder. We had Rome Research raise a million dollars in a day. I think they oversubscribed to nine million dollars and had to turn eight million dollars of investors away.

Eve: [00:22:15] Wow.

Jonny: [00:22:15] We’ve raised five million dollars ourselves. Gumroad raised on Republik. So, you know, there really is, I think, an increase in that kind of caliber of companies that are looking at and happy to raise through regulation crowdfunding. And SPVs was another aspect of the March 15th rule changes, so enabling founders to raise through one on the table using a special purpose vehicle, which is how, you know, normal companies raise using Reg V funding. So there’s a, there’s more to do. And I think over time, like, you know, as there are more success stories. And the key for me is going back to the third thing I mentioned, I’m excited about. If the value that an early-stage founder gets from raising money on Wefunder through regulation crowdfunding, if the value that they get from this army of champions and customers and ambassadors is so strong that, like. And obviously, it doesn’t need to be an either/or thing you can raise from VCs and also from the crowd, and if the value that you’re getting from that crowd to really compliment the value that you’re getting from institutional investors, I think that will be the moment. And when it’s like, well, why the hell would you not do this as an early stage, you know, start-up? And you’re kind of putting yourself at a competitive disadvantage if you’re not recruiting this army of champions in the early, fragile days of your business. So that’s the world we’re shooting for. And probably not there yet. But we try.

Eve: [00:23:51] No, I don’t think we are there yet.  I think we, I think we’re very much the underdog, like in real estate. When I see the things that developers have to deal with because they want to do crowdfunding and because their large institutional investors don’t want to be next to small investors. It makes me want to cry. Like does small mean fraudulent? I don’t understand it, but yeah, you shouldn’t…

Jonny: [00:24:18] Do you see it moving in the right direction in real estate? Because, especially with this March 15th thing, but also the pandemic, I think accelerated this as well for us, because especially in the early days of the pandemic, I spoke to a lot of families who, you know, we’re talking to angels and basically had their rounds fall apart. And, you know, so then they were like, OK, we need a different option. And then they came. And so it’s been growing. And the kind of the caliber of founders I think has been increasing for a year or so. But that’s really accelerated in the last couple of months. So I see it moving in the right direction in the kind of start-up side. What about in the real estate side?

Eve: [00:24:55] Yeah, I’ve been doing a number of things that have sort of changed direction slightly towards higher quality developers. So we’re absolutely seeing it. And I think the most gratifying thing that I’ve seen over the last year during the pandemic is the number of minority developers who have emerged and are raising funds on this site. And I really, I’m just so excited to be able to provide that opportunity, because if you talk to any of them and ask them what help do you need, they say access to capital.

Jonny: [00:25:32] Yeah. And hopefully that will also translate to returns. So I had this stat the other day. I can’t remember the exact number, but it was something along the lines of where an investor invests in someone that went to their school. The returns are worse because of the school connection. That kind of buddy buddy, you know, kind of…

Eve: [00:25:54] Empathy I’ll put up with anything.

Jonny: [00:25:56] They’ll kind of, you know, make slightly worse investment decisions because there’s some subjectivity that creeps in. Right. And I don’t know how robust the kind of statistical analysis that went into this was. But I mean, it’s intuitive to me that it would be true. I’d never heard something like that before in that black and white terms. But when you hear that, it’s like, well, then obviously, you know, if you have kind of a bunch of, you know, investors that look the same, investing in founders that look the same as them, then, you know, if you can…

Eve: [00:26:32] Yes.

Jonny: [00:26:32] Kind of get more diversity of investments happening by recruiting more diverse army of investors, then that should all other things being equal, kind of improved returns, which is kind of encouraging for us.

Eve: [00:26:45] Little bit different with real estate, because, you know, we’re really all about supporting projects that wouldn’t normally happen or have difficulty raising funds because they are you know, it’s the same thing as a small business. They’re innovative. They’re creative. They’re new. They’re in underserved neighborhoods that do not have a strong market yet. And so banks don’t want to lend to them. Or if they do, they have an equity requirement that’s very difficult for these developers to fill. Right. So they’re looking at needing to find 40 percent equity for a real estate project that’s maybe 10 million dollars because the bank won’t lend them more than 60 percent. And so because banks lend based on tried and true.

Jonny: [00:27:31] Right.

Eve: [00:27:31] And understand, you know, that’s what an appraisal is all about. Three like things that have happened before that can almost assure them that they’re going to get their return. But if you have a neighborhood or a developer who’s never done that before, that’s difficult for a bank to finance. And but you know them often. These projects are in poor neighborhoods where the neighbors who care and want it the most may not have the finances to support even a small amount of the crowd fund raised. So it becomes a little more difficult.

Jonny: [00:28:08] Well, when you said not a panacea before that, that’s usually one of the things that I think about. The downsides of crowdfunding democratic investment, you know, with respect to leveling the playing field. Yeah, exactly as you say, right. If if black household. Last time I saw the stat black median household wealth was I think it was 10,000 dollars.

Eve: [00:28:32] And it’s less than that, I think is the last time I saw the stat.

Jonny: [00:28:36] White median household wealth was 170 or something like that.

Eve: [00:28:40] Yes.

Jonny: [00:28:41] And so where does that discrepancy. Right. If a black founder launches on Wefunder and is going to that community, it’s going to be harder for them to…

Eve: [00:28:49] Much harder. Yeah.

Jonny: [00:28:50] So it’s definitely not a panacea. On the regulation side, I mean, going back to your question, which I kind of didn’t really answer. What could be improved on the legislation? The one thing the reason I started talking about the big game for us as a company is like trying to get the best companies to choose to go with the crowd as well as or even instead of the conventional VC. So that’s a big aim for us. One of the ways that I think the legislation could change to move us in that direction would be carried interest. So, we have this principle of lead investors and Wefunder, where there’s like, let’s say, a well-respected angel investor who, you know, has experience in that sector where the start-up is operating and that lead investor will kind of, you know, validate the terms of the deal. OK, this the valuation cap on this convertible note of five million makes sense. I’m putting in 50 K of my money in this deal, and that’s a great kind of signal to the crowd. And they actually vote for the shares of the individual investors who have protection and representation in the SPV. But the lead investor is fighting for the shares. So it’s kind of good, good for investors. But the lead investor we’ve been told recently by the SEC, pretty explicitly, cannot earn any carried interest on the Wefunder the round as they can in an AngelList syndicate in the regulation D world. So if a syndicate lead on AngelList raises a million dollars to invest in a company, that syndicate lead can earn, I think it’s 10 percent, maybe 20 percent carried interest.

Eve: [00:30:27] It’s usually 20, 20 percent.

Jonny: [00:30:27] On the profits from the million dollars. And that can’t happen in regulation crowdfunding. And so, then those syndicate leads will be more likely to put that high quality deal flow on AngelList versus Wefunder, which again, will be a force for kind of, you know, making it harder for the best quality deal flow to go on Wefunder. So it’s kind of a little in the weeds, but that’s certainly one area where we, I think, would want the legislation to go in the future, potentially. I mean, there’s reasons why the S.E.C., you know, didn’t want to move it in that direction. Good reasons, but that’s something we were we were advocating for that didn’t happen with the March 15th rule changes.

Eve: [00:31:09] And while we’re in the weeds…

Jonny: [00:31:13] Yeah, sorry. Have you listened to that podcast In the Weeds. Or The Weeds, I think it’s called by Vox, but yeah. So sorry.

Eve: [00:31:21] No, no. Don’t apologize. I like it.

Jonny: [00:31:23] We’re diving deep. We’re rummaging around in the undergrowth, Eve.

Eve: [00:31:26] The beautiful thing with a podcast is that the listeners can turn it off if they’re bored. But, you know, the thing I really, I find difficult and dislike is that we, the crowdfunding portals are not permitted to invest in these deals. And this is after we’ve spent zillions of hours with them making sure their disclosure packets are good and ready to go. And we have a really good sense of the project. You know, my employees, my spouse might like to invest and we’re not permitted to. And I, I really kind of don’t get that, do you?

Jonny: [00:32:04] Yeah. I mean, you can charge a part of your fee.

Eve: [00:32:07] You can charge a part of your, a part of your fee, but you, but that doesn’t really help. Like, I’ve been told by my attorney that my husband may as well be me, in terms of this rule. He can’t invest.

Jonny: [00:32:20] Yeah, it has been, it has been frustrating to especially our founders down the years. You know, they’ve seen some very, very awesome companies come and go on Wefunder and not being able to invest in them has been personally frustrating for them.

Eve: [00:32:37] Yeah.

Jonny: [00:32:37] Yeah, I agree.

Eve: [00:32:38] It’s a weird one.

Jonny: [00:32:38] I think that’s where we would seem to align incentives.

Eve: [00:32:42] Ok, so what keeps you up at night?

Jonny: [00:32:46] Yeah, that’s a good question. I think probably investor returns. So I think the reason why unaccredited investors being able to invest in early stage private companies was illegal from the 1930s until 2016 was, you know, kind of, are retail investors able to make sophisticated investment decisions, firstly. And then secondly, do they have enough kind of, you know, money to kind of sustain the losses that they might incur? Because investing in start-ups is super risky. Right.

Eve: [00:33:30] Right.

Jonny: [00:33:31] And so I welcome, the SEC has put limits around how much people can invest so everyone can invest 2,200 dollars per year. And then there’s a formula for how much people can invest. And if you’re accredited, you can invest an unlimited amount, which actually another thing that changed with these March 15th rules.

Eve: [00:33:49] Yes, that’s a nice thing.

Jonny: [00:33:50] Harmonized with Reg D. But, you know, the point is like, yeah, like investor returns is the thing that keeps me up at night. So if in aggregate in 10 years’ time, you know, Wefunder  investors have, you know, lost a bunch of money by investing in start-ups and Wefunder then I will be sad. And so, again, this is going that I mean, in venture capital investing. Right. Like there’s a power lure effect where if you get into Airbnb. If you get into Uber, it returns a whole fund and say there’s a risk with which kind of start-up investing from the crowd that if the hottest companies in the 2021 batch of companies, you know, don’t raise on Wefunder, that they raise through conventional venture capital, then, you know, in aggregate the portfolio of Wefunder investors is kind of negative returns. And so, trying to ensure that we are, you know, returning money to investors is probably the biggest concern that I have. And again, it’s if we can get the best quality founders, the best deal flow up on Wefunder for us, that is like the North Star in terms of how we prevent that that concern from coming true.

Eve: [00:35:13] Yeah, I think I’m with you. I’m with you on that. It breaks my heart if investors lose money. And breaks my heart more for those ones who’ve invested 500 dollars. And I know, I know it was a meaningful 500 dollars for them.

Jonny: [00:35:28] Yeah. And look, democracy is complicated, right.

Eve: [00:35:32] Yes. And not always fair.

Jonny: [00:35:33] Not always fair. Everyone has different motivations when they are investing.

Eve: [00:35:34] Yes.

Jonny: [00:35:36] So I invested 125 dollars in Chattanooga Football Club, which is a soccer club that raised close to a million dollars on Wefunder a couple of years ago and now my name is on their jersey, you know, and I didn’t look at the financials. I didn’t I didn’t care about making a return on that $125. I just thought it was really cool to be a part owner of a soccer club, you know, in Tennessee. And so the point is that, you know, some investors on Wefunder, it’s a mother investing in her son. Right. Or it’s someone investing in this company up there now that’s curing cancer in dogs. And you see some of the comments and the investors who had a dog that died of cancer and they love to be a part of maybe coming up with a cure for that, you know, so. And then there’s people that are like really diving deep into the financials and thinking about, you know, that kind of IRR. Right. But we’re trying to we’re trying to capture kind of all investors and their motivations. And so that makes this question of kind of investor returns, I think, even more complicated.

Eve: [00:36:50] Yeah, I totally agree with you and even, you know, and then there’s also I think the education that they’ve probably been exposed to is, quite frankly, one of, I think, immense greed. You know, investors in real estate who don’t want to look at anything unless it offers 25 percent internal rate of return. Well, you can’t do that when you’re building an affordable housing project. And what you know at what point is that okay?

Jonny: [00:37:20] Absolutely.

Eve: [00:37:20] You know, like 10 percent seems pretty good to me, you know, but yeah, it’s a weird world.

Jonny: [00:37:27] Yeah. One of the things we try to do on Wefunder is to reject that greed-based education or communication. So we talk a lot about investing start-ups is risky. You look in the money up, don’t invest more than you can afford to lose. Our CEO had a phrase, a socially good lottery ticket.

Eve: [00:37:49] Yes.

Jonny: [00:37:50] Which I say we talk about that in our FAQs. I really, I really like that. But we really do try to flag that this is risks. And a tagline is: invest in start-ups you love. So that’s the brand that we’re going for. Invest in start-ups because you love what they’re doing. You believe in the founder. You know, you think it’s really cool. You want to be a part of it as opposed to invest in start-ups to earn a 25 percent IRR.

Eve: [00:38:19] Yes. Yeah. So then I have to ask a big question. What does impact investing mean to you then?

Jonny: [00:38:28] Mm hmm. Yeah, that’s, that’s a good question. And same thing on the other side, I would say, what is what a social enterprise mean? I thought about this a lot, both at Kiva, which was a non-profit, and then Wefunder, which is a public benefit corporation and a B corp. So I guess kind of technically a social enterprise and quite and this is kind of go back to the democracy part, right? Like, I think a lot of investors on Wefunder, individual investors on Wefunder that would call themselves or most people would say are impact investors, right? When I made $125 investment in Chattanooga F.C., that was, I don’t know if it’s impact…

Eve: [00:39:06] It impacts, yeah.

Jonny: [00:39:06] Community or kind of feel good. Right. As opposed to kind of financially based. But then there’s a bunch of other investors that you would say are not impact investors. And tell us in our email inbox right. I didn’t care about the impact. I just like, where’s my money? So, again, democracy kind of has to accommodate all different motivations. And sometimes people have hybrid motivations. But I don’t know both the Kiva and Wefunder. I see it as a spectrum, honestly. And, you know, it kind of having some line for like what is an impact investment and what is not an impact investment, I think gets pretty messy.

Eve: [00:39:49] It is messy. I totally agree.

Jonny: [00:39:51] And so, you know, I, I tend not to use those words, actually. And, you know, kind of I like it when people are thinking about, you know, holistic impacts and, you know, societal community like impacts on people as well as like what is my financial IRR. But I think there’s like a bunch of ways that you can do that. And so, I don’t really like to kind of get tied down to definitions. I would say, like when we’re at Kiva, you know, the kind of outcomes assessment was always quite bizarre to me. So we were like a tiny team, super resource strapped, trying desperately to grow this program that was making zero percent interest loans to low income small business owners. Right. And so and by the way, the last month I was there, the net promoter score from our borrowers was a hundred. Everyone that filled in the survey gave us a 9 or 10.

Eve: [00:40:50] Oh, wow.

Jonny: [00:40:50] In terms of what they recommend to a friend. Everyone. And so, did I believe that this was having a positive impact in the world? 100 percent like, you know. Was I able to kind of, you know, figure out through some survey or some other methodology that a randomized control trial meant that, you know, the Kiva loans led to a 12 percent increase in borrower household income or jobs created or business profits? No, but, you know, it’s kind of it’s tough to kind of pin it down, but I was just very confident we were kind of moving in that direction and had trust in our team. So I guess kind of same thing with like outcomes assessment and and analysis at Kiva. And that kind of definition of impact investing. I’m a little bit kind of more vague in hand, wavy versus kind of civic definition.

Eve: [00:41:45] Well, you know, we created our own index because we had our own ideas about it. And I looked at a lot of different ways to score impact. And I just felt like they were first of all, they weren’t easy for the everyday person to understand. And if you’re going to get everyday investors, you you’ve got to make it easy for those everyday investors. And secondly, I didn’t understand most of them.

Jonny: [00:42:08] Well it’s also it’s also very hard to collect the data. And then like at Kiva, if we were doing surveys to small business owners on jobs created, it kind of imposed an additional burden on them after the fact. So, yeah, it’s complicated.

Eve: [00:42:23] It’s complicated. OK, just a couple more questions. I want to know what your big, hairy, audacious goal is?

Jonny: [00:42:32] Yeah. I honestly, I don’t think we really have a kind of…

Eve: [00:42:38] Well, let me ask a different question.

Jonny: [00:42:40] Yeah.

Eve: [00:42:42] You know what are the sort of projects that would exemplify how you’d like to leave your mark on the world?

Jonny: [00:42:50] Yeah, so I think a few things. You know, firstly, again, getting much more capital flowing to underrepresented founders to level the playing field a little. I think I’ve always been pretty passionate about the kind of economic justice, why I went to work for Kiva in the first place. Why I went to Zambia for eight months on a gap year before going to the university. And so, yeah, trying to level the playing field as in terms of solid founders raising capital as one tool to try to address this worsening economic inequality in America that we’ve seen now for many, many decades. Right where the top one percent control more and more of the wealth. And so that’s kind of at base a big part of it for me, you know, enabling kind of investors throughout the country and throughout the economic spectrum to benefit from the wealth that start-ups are creating rather than just rich people getting to play. So obviously, there you, kind of, you need some returns. Right. And some companies like going big. And then probably another thing which we haven’t really touched on as much as kind of you’re getting this a little with the impact investing question. But, you know, I love it when I see things like the curing cancer in dogs company LEAH Labs, raising on Wefunder or companies that are tackling climate change. And that’s another thing, another lens where I hope a more democratic approach that funding companies can lead to better outcomes for society. I don’t have any data on this one. But if you look at sectors that are being funded by VCs, for example, I think you probably over index to, you know, consumer tech start-ups like Uber or Doordash.

Eve: [00:44:54] Um hmm.

Jonny: [00:44:54] Right. Versus I mean, you know, health care or climate change or education. Like inflation of, you know, consumer products. Look at Amazon. Right. It’s a massive deflation. Right. Everything’s kind of cheaper for consumers. Right. But health care and education are the inflation there is just massively higher. Right. And probably a part of the reason for that is our allocation of capital to those industries, to start-ups. Disrupting and improving those industries has been too low as a society. And so, again, with democracy, maybe we can kind of get more capital flow into those sectors. And again, to the point earlier that we were talking about, like probably the returns where there’s like a kind of a bias against doing something because, you know, all the investors went to Harvard and so they invest in the Harvard founders. And this that’s like a slightly worse economic decision, like hopefully also kind of investing in sectors that have been under invested in might also be good for financial returns as well as like benefits of society. And that’s like a really, really important one for me, is like if we can get, you know, more and more of Wefunder capital flowing to businesses that are very obviously good for society. I’ve actually been thinking about that this year. Is like with my time, like, how can I spend more of my time trying to find what you would conventionally term, you know, social entrepreneurs or entrepreneurs tackling the biggest challenges that would improve our society and to get a higher and higher share of founders on Wefunder kind of in that sector.

Eve: [00:46:47] Well, on that fantastic note, I think you and I agree, and it’s just been delightful talking to you, and I hope we can continue the conversation.

Jonny: [00:46:56] Likewise, Eve. This was a really fun conversation, it’s great to chat about these issues with someone that really knows this stuff inside out. And I think thinks along very similar lines to how I do. So, yeah, great talking as always and we’ll speak soon.

Eve: [00:47:15] That was Jonny Price. Jonny is squarely in the small business corner. First at Kiva and now with Wefunder. He’s spending his life building alternative finance systems for businesses seeking to launch or grow. Businesses that simply don’t meet the rigid criteria of our traditional financial institutions. Some of these businesses are tiny and some are big. But they have one thing in common, they hold little interest for banks or venture capitalists, but they certainly can add a lot of value to our economy by innovating and creating jobs. You can find out more about this episode on the show notes page at EvePicker.com, or you can find other episodes you might have missed or you can show your support at Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate, where you can learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Jonny Price, Wefunder.

Stewarding the future of farming.

June 9, 2021

After a decade of building a career in real estate finance, from a pre-college stint as an analyst for an established D.C. development firm all the way to co-founding (with his brother, Ben) the first real estate crowdfunding platform, Fundrise, Dan Miller changed lanes.

Sort of.

In 2016, he founded Steward, a private commercial lender which enables people to help fund the growth of sustainable farms. In a way, it wasn’t such a shift from Fundrise, which used an online funding platform to connect developers and investors. Think farmers instead of real estate developers.

When Dan’s real estate work led him to cross paths with a local D.C. chef, and as he learned of the financial difficulties facing independent farmers that supplied his restaurant, Dan connected the dots. “This generation of regenerative farmers has more opportunities than they’ve ever had. The demand is exploding. They really have a chance to grow sales and revenue but they can’t get funding.” So he set out to solve that problem.

Steward is a B Corp, which allows individual lenders to pick specific farm-based agricultural projects to back. The loans vary in interest, often 5 – 8%, a reasonable rate for business owners who cannot find financing anywhere else. “I always saw finance as a way to open up access to new groups of people,” says Dan, and true to his word, one can join in for as little as $100.

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:08] Hi there, thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. Real estate can help to solve climate change, can house people affordably, can create beautiful streetscapes, unify neighborhoods and enliven cities. So I’m on a journey to find the most creative thinkers and doers out there. I’m not the only one who wants to rethink real estate. You can learn more about me at rethinkrealestateforgood.co or you can find me at smallchange.co, a real estate crowdfunding platform with impact real estate investment opportunities open for investment right now. And if you want to support this podcast, please join me at Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate where there are special opportunities for my friends and followers.

Eve: [00:01:08] Today, I’m talking with Dan Miller, who co-founded Fundrise, the first real estate crowdfunding platform to emerge in the U.S. and which has now raised over 500 million dollars. Those early years Fundrise were a slog, but that hasn’t stopped Dan from starting over. He’s changed lanes. Sort of. In 2016, he founded Steward, an online platform which raises loan funds for sustainable farms from the crowd. In a way, it wasn’t such a shift from Fundrise, which used an online funding platform to connect developers to investors. Think farmers instead of real estate developers and loans instead of equity. How did this happen? When Dan’s real estate work led him to cross paths with a local Washington, D.C. chef, and as he learned of the financial difficulties facing independent farmers that supplied his restaurant, Dan connected the dots. This generation of regenerative farmers has more opportunities than they’ve ever had, says Dan. The demand is exploding. They really have a chance to grow sales and revenue, but they can’t get funding. So he set out to solve that problem. You’ll want to listen in to learn more.

Eve: [00:02:33] If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast or go to Patreon.com/rethinkrealestate to learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers and subscribe if you can.

Eve: [00:02:56] Hello, Dan, I’m so happy to talk to you today.

Dan Miller: [00:02:58] Happy to be here, thanks Eve

Eve: [00:03:01] So I have followed you since the early Fundrise days and now you have GoSteward, a very different type of enterprise. So I wanted to start by just understanding what is GoSteward?

Dan: [00:03:16] Steward is a funding platform for regenerative agriculture, and I began meeting regenerative farmers in my real estate days in the past through chefs I knew, and these types of farmers, diversified, direct sale, smaller scale, generally have very little access to capital. So it’s meant to be a platform that lets farmers raise money and lets individuals provide capital to them that they can’t fund otherwise.

Eve: [00:03:43] So, but why did you start it?

Dan: [00:03:45] I started in 2016. There was a well-known chef in the D.C. area that I had been working with from real estate projects there. And through him, I started to meet all these farmers growing amazing products with great stories, selling them at well-known restaurants and farmer’s markets. And then in those conversations, it was clear that that none of them had access to capital, which was surprising because they’re selling products that everyone wants, you think they’d be able to get access to funds. And this was in the early days of when I was working on Fundrise, so 2010. When Fundrise was launched was when I started to meet some of these farmers. So I shoved the idea for a bunch of years and then it kind of kept coming back to me and then I eventually read the Wendell Berry ‘The Unsettling of America’, one of the kind of iconic foundational texts around agriculture and the challenges and issues of modern agriculture. And that just put me on, I would say, the path and obsession of this type of agriculture and then the positive impacts that it has through land use and ecology and health and wellness. And you, kind of, once you get into it, I find that people, they tend to not be able to stop.

Eve: [00:04:54] So how does it actually work? How does the platform work?

Dan: [00:04:58] So farmers come to our platform through insurance, through referrals, through direct relationships. They apply for funding through the traditional application process, telling their background and their experience, what products they’re growing, so we can learn more about their farm. We do due diligence, we vet them. We have a farmer on our team who does the agricultural diligence, understanding their operation, their bottlenecks or challenges, their farming practices too to make sure they align with the principles of regenerative agriculture. Then we do the credit underwriting the classic financial stuff that’s not as sexy, but it is critical for any viability of any platform. And then the loans are put on the platform so that people are buying loan participations, and they’re buying slice of the loans that were making, and then they earn the interest and return on that loan. So it’s essentially a way to connect farmers who need capital, they need credit with individuals, whether high worth family offices or small retail funders, and give them the chance to lend money to these farmers.

Eve: [00:06:04] There’s always an issue with finding loans for anything that is really standard, right? And I feel like that’s partly why we’re in the predicament we’re in. Like, banks are really focused on lending to, sort of, tried and true things that they know will guarantee a return for them.

Dan: [00:06:25] And that’s, I think, the broader theme of the work I’ve done through Fundrise or now Steward, that most funding is looking for safe and traditional and corporate and reliable. And so, when you see that, what businesses are able to access capital, it’s the larger ones that have a lot of assets and are more predictable. But money needs to go to small businesses and entrepreneurs across the spectrum, whether that’s in agriculture or real estate or small business. And the way that the funding system is set up is, it’s just not built for that. So, creating these decentralized models where smaller dollar contributors can participate and entrepreneurs can tell their story and raise funding, I think is fundamental to really unlocking more capital, which gives more opportunity to people. So I see parallels in the, kind of, the different sectors, but in the need to bring different types of funding to the end result.

Eve: [00:07:20] Well, you know, I wholeheartedly agree so, you know, in real estate, it’s exactly the same problem as in business. So it’s always the same old, same old that gets funded and that’s, that doesn’t really encourage innovation and moving forward, does it? It just staying where you are?

Dan: [00:07:40] Not at all. And I think I found a lot of similarities in agriculture to real estate. The focus on credit tenants, the focus on the users of the space being well-capitalized corporate users, forces a certain type of development with chain stores and large corporations. And similarly, in agriculture, they’re focusing on large commodity producers, huge operators with just tried and true grain, corn, soy, whereas anyone that’s doing anything a little different is just not worth the effort. They’re just left out, completely left out. Part by design, I think, but part just because it takes more time, which is basically harder to assess.

Eve: [00:08:20] It takes more time. Yeah, but damn, it’s so much more exciting!

Dan: [00:08:26] I can’t, I can’t do it because I just have no motivation. So there’s no option for me.

Eve: [00:08:33] No, I’m not wired that way either. Like, you know, I’m just not. So where did you start your operations? What were the first farms?

Dan: [00:08:41] Yeah, I began in 2016-17 working on Steward. The first farms that we funded were two urban farms in Detroit. You know, I had left Fundrise, I had started speaking to farmers through many different connections and actually found a lot of real estate people I had met around the country. I asked them if they knew agriculture and was connected to a lot of local farmers. So, there were two urban farms in Detroit. One is called Fisheye Farms, one is called Acre Detroit. They were farming on small lots, a tenth of an acre lot and they were hoping to buy land from the city. The city owns ten thousand acres of vacant land but was hesitant to sell them to farmers because, I don’t know what they’re waiting for. So we stepped in, provided funding for these farmers to buy two acres of land each. The original loans I personally provided as I was building the platform and figuring out the regulatory infrastructure. And just as an example of the kind of growth and opportunity of these overlooked farms, Fisheye farms went from ten thousand of revenue to one-hundred-twenty-thousand revenue in the three years since they were able to buy that land, so…

Eve: [00:09:49] So how much was the loan? Like, how much was it?

Dan: [00:09:54] That was a hundred-thousand-dollar loan, so, I mean, relatively small,

Eve: [00:09:56] Relatively small.

Dan: [00:09:59] And it shows the demand for those products. You know, people really want to buy wholesome food and they want to connect with where their food’s coming from. And so, in a city like Detroit, they’re in a food desert, they have fresh food that they can sell locally, and people are thrilled to do so. So, I think there’s a lot of misnomers around the viability of these types of farms. The reality is they are viable, but they’ve been under-capitalized. It’s hard to get to viability when they can’t access funding but when they are able to access funding, we see the same story of really rapid revenue growth. So, we started with urban farms in Detroit. I thought we would be a niche business. I thought most regenerative farms were funded well and maybe urban farms and other niche farms struggled. And I soon realized that it’s a global problem. Any non-traditional farm struggles with capital and so that kind of broadened from urban farms to really all types of farms now.

Eve: [00:10:54] How many farms if you help to date with loans?

Dan: [00:10:58] Over 70 now. That’s about one or two new farms a week so it’s really picked up. Just some recent farms as an example, we’ve a livestock branch in Western Oregon, right near Astoria, Oregon. We have a urban farm in Detroit with a Black farmer who’s about to raise funding. And we had an Amish dairy farmer in Pennsylvania raise funding to do value added processing for fluid milk. We had a fisheries project with just line-caught tuna and line-caught local fisheries that are then processed and sold direct. So, I think the narrative that’s similar is farmers are people that are obsessed with the quality of the product. They’re obsessed with the traceability of it. They’re obsessed with taking care of the natural resource, whether that’s land or the watershed. And they have customers that are along for the journey that want to support them. And they need money for equipment, infrastructure, land, you know, operating capital. So it’s a fairly simple business plan. They have demand and they need more production to meet the demand. But because they’re non-traditional, they’re just ignored.

Eve: [00:12:05] So you say they have customers who want to support them. Do those customers also invest?

Dan: [00:12:09] Yes, those customers do fund the loans. We actually have the first 20 percent of every loan gets funded through the network of that farmer. So, they share it at the farm stand they share it through social media. And that gives a chance for their community to be engaged and connected to the farm. And it also provides social validation of, if those people are engaged in supporting the farm, then I think it provides us confidence, too, that there’s really a community to support them. If you have customers that love your product, you’re in good shape as a farm and those are the types of farms we support. They’ve established their markets, have established their products. They know what they can produce. They know where they can sell it, and now they need to grow. And whether they’re a small farm or a larger farm, they have that same kind of demand, they’re unfulfilled.

Eve: [00:12:55] So, I think you’ve said this is not a crowdfunding platform, but this sure sounds like crowdfunding. So what’s the regulatory structure that you’re using?

Dan: [00:13:04] Yes. So, you know, crowdfunding and the general term of raising money online from many people, but ever since regulation crowdfunding came out, then that’s kind of narrowly defined crowdfunding.

Eve: [00:13:15] Really? I don’t think of it that way.

Dan: [00:13:16] In terms of fundraising, introspective. So, yeah. So, I think in broad brushstrokes it meets the premise of crowdfunding, of raising it online in smaller, larger amounts and people telling their story. We’re providing loans so we work under a framework of syndicated or participated loans. So, Steward is a private commercial lender. We provide the loan for the lender record and then we sell the participations to qualified basically members of our platform. There was a recent legal ruling over the summer, last summer, in 2020 around commercial syndicated loans not being considered securities. So there’s always been a discussion around the determination of when is a loan a security or not a security?

Eve: [00:14:02] Oh interesting.

Dan: [00:14:03] And so under that premise, we’ve kind of designed our business. So basically, we’re just providing credit, providing loans and giving the people the chance to participate in those loans.

Eve: [00:14:13] That’s really fascinating. What’s the typical loan size and what’s the rate?

Dan: [00:14:19] So most of the loans, I would say, as small as ten thousand. Average loan, probably fifty to one hundred thousand. The largest we’ve done is seven hundred thousand. Larger loans tend to be for mortgage, for property purchase. The midsize tends to be for equipment and isome nfrastructure. And then smaller ones are often quick bursts of operating capital.

Eve: [00:14:41] I mean, it’s really sad that a farm can’t get a ten-thousand-dollar loan from a bank, like…

Dan: [00:14:46] Well, the sad thing is it’s easier to get a ten-million-dollar loan as a big soy farm than a fifty- or ten-thousand-dollar loan from a bank. So, it’s kind of this strange circumstance you probably see in real estate that the bigger, formulaic deals can raise money and smaller deals that can’t get it.

Eve: [00:15:01] Exactly what we see on Small Change, and yet, I mean, I really think that if you’re really going to support that change in real estate and growing experience with people who’ve never had the opportunity before, that’s exactly what has to happen. Smaller loan sizes, smaller equity needs. Like, smaller.

Dan: [00:15:18] Yeah, you need a pathway to viability. Right now, the system’s set up that only if you’re inheriting large amounts of farmland can you get credit because you need big assets and big dollars. But a lot of the farmers we support didn’t grow up farming. I mean, it’s, I think the real sea change that’s happening in this type of regenerative agriculture. People of non-farm background, often college educated, going into farming, which certainly never happened in the past, at least not consistently. How are they going to get on the ladder? How are they going to be vetted and able to support? So a ten, twenty-five fifty K loan helps them get started. And then eventually they buy land and grow as a business. In terms of rates, most of the loans are between five to eight percent. So, I think very fair rates.

Eve: [00:15:59] That’s really reasonable.

Dan: [00:16:01] Very reasonable rates. We found that the funders are comfortable with those. Five is secured mortgage, solid cash flow. Eight is equipment with an earlier stage business. The highest we’ve done is 10, which is kind of a scrappy year one, year two farm where they’re early in their days and they just need funding to help grow. And so that’s what we’re really trying to do, create a capital market for regenerative agriculture. At what rates are people willing to lend the money? At what rates can farmers afford to borrow the money? And connect the two. Which is surprisingly uncommon in agriculture because the entirety market, most of the market is government funding. And so, there’s very little private capital market in agriculture, pretty much all USDA and government loans. And so what we’re trying to do is create an alternative of private capital that’s a different option for these farms.

Eve: [00:16:55] What about vertical farms? Have you helped any vertical farms ’cause that’s all the rage, right?

Dan: [00:16:59] It’s all the rage. I’m sceptical of vertical farms. We’ve helped urban farms, we’ve done greenhouses, hoop houses. The thing I struggle with, with vertical farms as the concept is, they are only needed in certain places. Generally, land is not that expensive in most places that you would need to produce vertically. And I struggle with the capital costs. A million dollars into some infrastructure to grow greens, you know, when you can go not too far outside the city and buy a piece of land for ten thousand dollars and grow greens there. And so, the economics of overhead of a million, or overhead of twenty-five-thousand,

Eve: [00:17:35] It doesn’t make sense to you. That’s really interesting.

Dan: [00:17:36] I just, I struggle with that as a credit provider. That you basically have, you know, the thing I’ve learned in agriculture is you want to keep your overhead low. You want it to have as little debt to service as possible. And so loading huge infrastructure costs for the vertical ag just kind of breaks that mold. Farmers, I think, do find it frustrating that a startup in Silicon Valley that’s doing vertical farming can raise one-hundred-million dollars, but they’re doing livestock in Missouri, and they can’t raise 50 K. And it’s just like, why do we keep throwing money into the non-sensical billion-dollar thing when there’s just good people out there who are doing farming the right way and just need a little bit of money to get to take the next step.

Eve: [00:18:19] Dan, you really like to support the underdog,

Dan: [00:18:22] Always, always. I don’t know how that…

Eve: [00:18:26] You’re a man after my own heart.

Dan: [00:18:29] And with these farmers, I mean, they’re persevering. They’re sacrificing, they’re doing whatever they can, most of them have off-farm jobs. One of the farms we funded in Detroit was washing dishes at the restaurant he was selling to, I mean, whatever it takes. And so, the ability to get them more resources and help them grow, it does, it is meaningful. I find it more meaningful than my work in real estate. But not all real estate developers, I would say, have the best ethic. But these farmers are really values-oriented people.

Eve: [00:19:01] Interesting. So, but you have to keep the doors open. How to Go Steward make money?

Dan: [00:19:06] Yes, you do have to. And that’s part of our proposition, that it’s a commercial platform. You’re paying rates of return that are reasonable but fair to lenders. We charge a loan origination fee. So, we charge roughly between two to three percent of the loan amount. And that’s a success paid at closing of the loan. So, when they go through the lending process that fee is added to the loan balance. And we’re also working on some other revenue streams. We’re providing services, support to some farmers, such as bookkeeping or helping with branding a website. So, I think over time a lot of the kind of business functions of these farms we could help and streamline. And then we’re also providing our technology infrastructure. And one of the farms now is using our software to raise a round of equity capital for their business in a private syndication. So they’re using our software to do that, and we have other firms. So, I think over time, this kind of value of this system we’re building, the kind of decentralized financial platform and then its application is to agriculture. And I think over time there’s ways to monetize both of those. But we’re in our early days and I mean we’re, we obviously have a long way to go. There’s a lot of growth and demand and interest from both sides of the market. So I definitely see the viability. I’ve seen it before from before with Fundraise from the beginning. How will this business ever work? But if the right market forces and trends are behind you, you can surprisingly get to scale. And I see the same thing here where just the interest in regenerative agriculture is exploding. The kind of viability and demand for these products is exploding and the need for alternative capital credit is becoming more aware. So, those kind of all weave together, that there’s more farmers that need funding, more people that want to fund them, and that the winds of ESG and climate and kind of the policy support is going is going in the right direction.

Eve: [00:20:59] Right, right.. Interesting. So how do you hope to scale?

Dan: [00:21:05] For us, it’s just more farms, I mean, we started making loans originally smaller, 50 K, 100 K. Recently we funded a project that was seven-hundred-thousand. So we’re now starting to work with more mid-sized farms that our hundreds of thousands revenue, really solid operations starting to grow. So, by being able to provide more capital, we can support operations that have more capacity to grow. So, I think, just expanding both sides of the market. The more farms we have, the more capital, the stronger the platform. The more capital on a platform, the more interest there is from farms. So we’re seeing that symbiotic kind of viral effect of each side of the market strengthening the overall platform, which is what you always hear about, but it’s nice to see it in action, that, kind of, the more the business grows, the more it can offer.

Eve: [00:21:56] Yeah. Yeah. So, you know, you said you started in Detroit. Where are you lending now?

Dan: [00:22:02] We’re lending all around the country. Right now, we’re US focused. We’ve had a lot of interest from non-US farms, that’s definitely on the horizon. But in terms of the US, Oregon has been our biggest market. Our HQ is in Portland, though our team’s remote. So just amazing farmers and farmland in Oregon, really knowledgable and thoughtful consumers, a lot of them hoping to also put their money to work in local food systems. And we just made a loan to a farmer in Hudson Valley. We funded a bunch of farms in Louisiana. So, I think we’re now at probably around 30 of the 50 states in the US. So it’s by no means limited to big coastal cities. We’ve got farmers in all parts of the country. And the business model depends, you know, you’re closer to a city you often have produce, if you have livestock that tend to be farther from a city because you need more space. And it all varies. But we’ll support any type of farmer anywhere in the country and hopefully soon the world, as long as they’re following the right practices and can have the knowledge and experience they need.

Eve: [00:23:06] So do you have investors who invest across all farms?

Dan: [00:23:11] That’s what we found. That’s one of the most promising aspects. We have over half of the people that have funded a farm fund, fund another farm, and I think we found that there we’re building a category of, well, I’ve funded this one farm and now here is another farm. It’s a similar story and a similar profile, maybe in a different location and a different product. But I, I see their challenges. I believe in them, and their kind of values focus. So, I think we’re finding that people who want to support regenerative farms have very few options. And if they’ve come to support one farm, maybe they’re a CSA member of a farm and they heard about the opportunity to help fund it and they have. Now they see another farm, and they fund it. We have people who funded 10 or 15 farms, even. Some are putting ten, twenty-five thousand dollars into every farm. So, I think that kind of stickiness of the customer on the funding side has been very positive because that’s not always the case with platforms. Sometimes people come in and do one deal and that’s the end of it and if you can cultivate a community, it goes a long way.

Eve: [00:24:09] Yeah, we’re actually finding the same thing. We definitely have a community of investors who come back again and again and again for particular themes. I think those people are truly impact investors. They really, they really care about an issue like a farm. It’s great. It’s really great to see. So just shifting gears a little bit, the common theme in your life has been crowdfunding, at least for the last 10 years, right? You launched Fundrise, which looks more like a mutual fund now than a crowdfunding platform. And now back to sort of a very organic crowdfunding platform, helping farms. What else do you think crowdfunding might be applied to that could be really successful besides real estate and farms?

Dan: [00:24:55] Yeah, I’ve always felt there’s so many broader applications and I think people haven’t been creative enough, you know by developing Fundrise, I just again saw so many people go into real estate and it like, there are other verticals to be done.

Eve: [00:25:08] There are other things, right?

Dan: [00:25:09] And so I, I felt it was a lot of like, kind of, me too. Well, what’s the narrative? Why does it matter? And I think in reality, that type of passion shows the purpose behind the platform, not just sector, but the purpose behind it. So I think real estate still presents opportunities. I think a lot of, you know, you talk about green building and other aspects, I think there’s still a ways to go to push the envelope in real estate in terms of how the built environment is done. You know, agriculture obviously, now is my big focus. Parallel to agriculture where I think there’s an opportunity is also in forestry. And I think that’s a great way to build as a good asset, but also as a natural resource to be preserved. I’m seeing more interest in alternative energy. It’s something that we’ve even worked with farms who are planning to do solar on their farm. So I think ultimately more decentralized local funding for alternative energy can go a long way. In small business, I feel like there’s still a lot of gaps for small businesses that are looking for funding. I look at so many funding platforms and it feels like there’s a lot that are real estate, there’s a lot that are tech startups, you know, and that’s pretty much it. And the reality is there’s so many other enterprises that need the support.

Dan: [00:26:26] But where I tend to think the interest and ,demand is, is if you can back it with some sort of fixed asset, I think it always helps the viability of the business and the ability to take capital where you can be more confident that people can earn a return. And I think having a forward-facing business where they’re engaged with their customers goes a long way. So, I think if you have an audience of people that want to support you, I think it’s good to bring them in. So, yeah, I’ve always been interested in crowdfunding from the perspective of a different type of capital that thinks differently and is more aligned with the end project that Fundrise was originally developed around. Me and my brother doing real estate development projects that were non-traditional and finding that traditional funding didn’t fit it. So, I’ve been on the entrepreneur side. I began on the entrepreneur side of, the frustrations of trying to find funding that meets, that is really aligned with you and so all these platforms have been, had that as the theme of how do you have more of an alignment among the entrepreneur and the capital?

Eve: [00:27:30] Yeah. So, what is your background before Fundrise?

Dan: [00:27:35] So, I started a real estate development business with my brother right out of university and my father was in real estate development in Washington, DC, so that’s where I learned real estate. Just being around it. I have tons of experience in it, but actually for years not  necessarily, just you just grow up and then see around it. So commercial real estate, I would say, applies across everything. It applies to Fundrise, with the ability to build that. It applies with Steward because at the end of the day we’re funding a lot of commercial real estate and use of land that is commercial real estate. For some reason, agriculture is not thought of as commercial real estate, but it certainly is, I would say, commercial real estate. And then my kind of interest and experience in raising money through alternative channels was built around that, of being a real estate entrepreneur, trying to figure out different types of funding and then just creating a platform to do it. Just, well, if there’s nothing out there that can serve what I need, let me help build the platform that does it. So I’ve, my whole career has almost been in being an entrepreneur and finding alternative funding and building it up. And a lot of my work with these farmers is just helping them think through funding options. Not always just saying, you know, use our funding or just, well, what’s out there that we can weave together? We now even help some of the farmers apply for grants. We help them figure out what’s out there, and what can we weave together. And I think, I think that’s what a lot of entrepreneurs struggle with. An advocate for them, helping them think about what’s there from a kind of agnostic perspective. And then obviously finding that I think I can help them through our platform but understanding that there are options out there that they just may not be familiar with.

Eve: [00:29:25] Interesting. So, I mean it’s a nascent industry, crowdfunding, if you think about crowdfunding – all of it, not just regulation crowdfunding. How could it be made easier and more acceptable? It’s definitely not mainstream.

Dan: [00:29:41] It’s, yeah, it’s still early. And that’s why I think people have a short-term perspective. I mean, most of the regulations that define the world of securities and investment were written in 1933, 1934, and that quieted down requirements for fundraising and for basically eighty years provided very few options. So, we’re really only in the first decade of loosening of those types of rules, broadening opportunities and access to capital. And a lot of the rules and regulations are still challenging and problematic to utilize and maybe probably generally over the garden some. So, I think as these rules are streamlined and improved, it will become easier for platforms and entrepreneurs to use them, which will then expand the size of the market. I also find, I think the way to really drive growth in crowdfunding and drive adoption is through narrative storytelling. And so, I find a lot of crowdfunding is pitching return and that’s fine. But I think if you’re just pitching return, there’s a lot of places that are pitching return and it doesn’t stand out. And so, I find if you’re bringing people in on an emotional narrative level, you know, that takes someone who’s not classifying themselves as someone who funds things to now funding a project. And I think to bring people mainstream, it has to go beyond the investment world. And I find that few platforms to speak people beyond return.

Eve: [00:31:06] Interesting. So, what’s the biggest challenge you’ve had in building this Go Steward?

Dan: [00:31:12] I mean, the biggest challenge was really developing the market. I mean, I started in 2016 / 17. The idea of regenerative agriculture was very kind of unknown. I didn’t grow up farming. My mother’s family has been farming since the late 1800s so I was one generation away from that, but it wasn’t my personal background. And so, understanding who are these farmer customers? Where are they? How do I find them? What can they afford to pay? How can I structure a deal? Are they viable enterprises? And just validating that there is a customer who actually is a real business that can afford and raise capital, that took a few years. And then was just very pleasantly surprised at not only by the viability of these businesses, but the growth in this sector of just all types of people entering this world and wanting to become farmers and really focused on ecology and taking care of the land. And then the second challenge was, well, who are the people who want to fund these farms? I mean, I personally funded the first portfolio because you don’t want to try to build two sides of the market at once. It’s easier just to focus on one side. And then we took these farms to market over the past year as we launched the platform publicly. And I’ve been amazed by the breadth of people who are interested in funding these types of funds.

[00:32:26] I mean, most people have never funded a farm. I mean, I’ve almost never spoken to anyone who’s funded a farm that wasn’t their own family’s farm. And so you’re having to educate them about farm, farming as an asset class, regenerative agriculture as a subset of that of a different type of agriculture, and then, you know, the stories of these farms. And so, I think people, when I was saying the kind of narrative emotional level, they connect with these people. They’ve all bought food, they’ve all have that experience of being at a farmers-market of hearing a farmer and understanding their passion and their interest. So, if you can connect with who that person is and their challenges and their struggles and the importance of the funding, the other aspects of collateral security sector, I think, they can get comfort on the fact that that’s what we’re focused on and that’s our goal to make that simple and easy. So now we have both sides of the market working. Farms raising funding, funding happening very quickly. And now it’s growing the business. That part’s easier to me. It’s still a challenge but you at least know that there’s viability on both sides, whereas the first few years was kind of a lot of questions around who even is the market going to be?

Eve: [00:33:38] And are these real collateralized loans? I mean, what happens if someone defaults?

Dan: [00:33:43] Yes, so they’re all secured loans. Some are secured by real properties, some by mortgages or deed of trust, some real estate and some are secured by personal property which basically means equipment, infrastructure. So, they’re all secured. Some farms have better collateral than others. So that the interest rate depends on that. The five percent loans are the more secure lower risk loans, the higher rates are businesses with less assets or collateral. But that’s our sole business of vetting farms, helping farmers figure out what type of funding is needed and what amounts, helping them drive growth their business through other means. And then we service all the loans ourselves. So if there is a challenge, we’ll work with the farmer. Most of time if there’s a challenge, it’s a timing challenge. That there is an issue with the market or a customer or a job. So it’s not a fundamental problem. It’s OK, I just need a little more time or this customer drops so I’m now launching this, or I’m waiting on an inspection for my grade A milk, which happened when Covid hit and now it’s six months later, you know, just the reality. So rescheduling the payments is the most important. But if a farmer really can’t do it anymore, they just need to give up and move on, then we would step in. And our first scenario would be to bring in another farmer because we have a huge network of farmers who would love nothing more than to take over a operation that exists and is properly capitalized. And it’s ready to go.

Eve: [00:35:06] Interesting.

Dan: [00:35:07] So that’s our view. It’s not a type of business where you can just passively just auction off the assets and expect to get recovery. You have to be engaged in it. All we do is fund small-and mid-sized generative farmers all day, every day. And so that expertise gives us confidence that if situations do arise where there are challenges, that we can step in and resolve them. And I mention that team member who’s a farmer himself. I mean, he can literally show up at the farm if he has to and help them figure out the bottlenecks and the challenges that they’re facing.

Eve: [00:35:37] Oh wow! So then, what’s your big, hairy, audacious goal?

Dan: [00:35:41] I’ve, you know, I came into this with the view that there is a need for a fundamental transformation in our agricultural system. The reason why I support regenerative agriculture is because of the importance of taking care of the land and people and helping them all. All of those positive benefits are needed in part of our agricultural system. Instead, the system we have now has huge negative externalities with run-off, with low wages, with low quality food, with difficult access to food. So I think what we’re trying to prove is there’s a viable alternative of how you can do agriculture that is in alignment with ecosystems that provides health and wellness and opportunity for people. And I think if that can be shown to be viable and it doesn’t need to be subsidized and it can operate on its own, you can show that there is a different way and a different path forward. So many, I think, of the current modern challenges we face around societal economic, health challenges, find a root in agriculture, at least are impacted by agriculture in terms of climate or obesity or exploitation, labor exploitation. And so, it is one of those sectors that touches upon everything and each story, each farm has their own impact, which is direct and tangible, which then becomes part of a broader movement. So I think we’re in a historical kind of sea change of doing one hundred years of industrial agriculture with really negative results, misguided maybe by design or not, but the end result is not serving the interests of most people. And so, our goal is to really lead the transition to an agricultural system that is for the benefit of many and does provide opportunity for people.

Eve: [00:37:29] Well, Dan, it’s really interesting and I’m so glad you could talk to me and I wish you all the best success. It sounds like you’re well on the way.

Dan: [00:37:38] Well, thank you. Really nice to chat. And I appreciate all the work that you’ve done, also in building impact and focusing on storytelling and engaging people around funding things that are different. And I think more of that is always needed.

Eve: [00:37:52] Thank you. That was Dan Miller, founder of Steward, an online investment platform raising funds for sustainable farmers. Everything about Steward and Dan checks a box for me. With Steward Dan is serving an under-represented group of people, farmers who can’t get loans elsewhere. He’s non-discriminating in accepting investors. You can invest for as little as one hundred dollars. And he’s keenly focused on making a difference in everything that he does. I’m looking forward to seeing how Steward grows.

Eve: [00:38:45] You can find out more about this episode on the show notes page at rethinkrealestateforgood.co or you can find other episodes you might have missed. Or you can show your support at patreon.com/rethinkrealestate where you can learn about special opportunities for my friends and followers. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Images courtesy of Dan Miller, Steward

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