Rethink Real Estate. For Good.

Impact

Reimagining the role of real estate development.

The affordable housing crisis in the United States is affecting more people than you might think.

For many Americans, across many income spectrums, a modest apartment is a cost burden and out of reach. There are multiple factors that have contributed to this affordability crisis. Wages have not kept up with rents, fiscal policy has favored homeowners, cars and transport are expensive and take up valuable real estate space and then there’s the rising cost of building affordable housing.

Experiments are being conducted to grapple with this problem in cities around the globe. Berlin is freezing rents, Minneapolis is working towards more affordable housing through updated zoning regulations, New York wants to produce quality affordable housing through careful design, California has passed a law permitting the construction of ADUs (Accessory Dwelling Units ) and many cities, including San Francisco, Boston and Milwaukee, are recapturing highways to provide more land for housing close in. All of this is leading to affordable housing innovation.

Entrepreneurs are working hard to make a difference too. Thibault Manekin founded Seawall Development, a real estate development company, focused on a particular housing niche – affordable housing for teachers. Seawall’s first project, the $20 million Center for Educational Excellence, is an adaptive reuse of a 100,000 square foot vacant factory building. In its reimagined form, the building houses 40 apartments for teachers along with 30,000 square feet of collaborative office space for a variety of non-profits that underpin the success of the school system. Seawall approached the development process collaboratively. They saw this as an opportunity to listen to educators and provide them with affordable, well located housing, shared with like-minded people. And bringing them together with education focused non-profits allowed for further collaboration and sharing of resources. The teachers provided design input for their apartments, chose the amenities for the shared resource center and even chose their own rents based on salaries.

“Everything that we’ve ever done has been built inside out” says Thibault “And what we mean by that is that we start with the end users, the people that are going to be living and working in our buildings. It’s important for us that they have a sense of pride, of authorship and ownership in what’s being created.”

Listen to my interview with Thibault to hear more about Seawall Development’s unusual and wholistic approach to real estate development.

Union Craft Brewing, Baltimore, courtesy of Seawall Development.

Saving places.

Patrice Frey is President and CEO of the National Main Street Center, where she oversees the Center’s work. Patrice and her team offer programs and guidance on placemaking, local entrepreneurship, facade improvements, crowdfunding and green rehabs to their network of approximately 1,800 members, all in service of revitalizing commercial main streets in both big cities and small towns alike.

Based in Chicago, Illinois, the National Main Street Center is a subsidiary of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and has participated in the renewal of more than 2,000 older commercial districts during its 30-year history. Before joining the National Main Street Center in May 2013, Patrice served as the Director of Sustainability at the National Trust for Historic Preservation, where she oversaw the National Trust’s efforts to promote the reuse and greening of older and historic buildings, including research and policy development work through the Seattle-based Preservation Green Lab.

Patrice worked for several years in the field of community development and urban research before joining the National Trust. She is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania’s program in historic preservation, where she received a master’s degree in preservation planning and a certificate in real estate design and development through the Penn School of Design and Wharton Business School. Patrice completed her master’s thesis on the application of the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards to historic buildings. Patrice also worked for the City of Goleta, California, where she coordinated the acquisition and preservation of coastal open space, as well as a number of community development related programs. Prior to her time in Goleta, Patrice worked for the Brookings Institution’s Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy in Washington, D.C., where she served as the executive assistant to the center director. She received her bachelor’s degree in politics and international relations from Scripps College in Claremont, California.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Main streets are the heart of their community.
  • They are often the single biggest asset that a neighborhood or small town has.
  • And Patrice sees them as entrepreneurial eco-systems.
  • Two main streets that Patrice loves are in Edenton, North Carolina and Emporia, Kansas.

Information and Links

  • Patrice finds this Roadmap to Recovery a great source of inspiration. She especially loves the community response map at the bottom of the page.
  • The National Trust for Historic preservation wants your help finding 1,000 places where women have made their mark. Submit your entry!
  • Follow this reddit thread for serious lego and creativity talent. Patrice has been collecting since she was eight and her favorite sets date back to the 1980’s.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:10] Hi there. Thanks, so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing.

Eve: [00:00:18] My guest today is Patrice Frey, the president and CEO of the National Main Street Center. Through the Center, Patrice and her team offer programs and guidance on placemaking, local entrepreneurship, facade improvements, crowdfunding and green habs, all in service of revitalizing commercial main streets in both big cities and small towns alike. Their network is very big with eighteen hundred members. If you want to hear why main streets matter, listen into our conversation.

Eve: [00:01:04] Be sure to go to rethinkrealestateforgood.co to find out more about Patrice on the show notes page for this episode. And be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small change.

Eve: [00:01:35] Good morning, Patrice. I’m really looking forward to our conversation today.

Patrice Frey: [00:01:39] Hi, Eve. Thanks for having me. I’m looking forward to it.

Eve: [00:01:42] Good. You have a pretty big job. The National Main Street Center now has eighteen hundred members. Is that right?

Patrice: [00:01:50] It is, yeah. Eighteen hundred members all across the country. Every state in the union, I think, except maybe saving Hawaii.

Eve: [00:01:59] Ok. That’s pretty big. How has it grown under your watch? You’ve been there since 2013, is that right?

Patrice: [00:02:09] Yeah, I have. We launched as a subsidiary of the National Trust in 2013. Before then, we had been a program embedded at the National Trust for Historic Preservation and we have been very fortunate to see a strong membership growth in the last, in the last seven years or so. You know, those 18 hundred members are located all across the country. It’s a really good mix of rural programs and more mid-sized and then quite a bit of representation in some larger cities as well. When we took over in 2013, the team had a real focus on reaching out to folks that had been members in the past and maybe they had lapsed. And we’ve also just put a tremendous focus on developing new content and new resources that have helped to, I think, attract people, attract people to the organization. Yeah. So, it’s been really gratifying. We’re so proud to have such a large and strong membership.

Eve: [00:03:10] So I have to ask, I suppose the main question is why Main Streets?

Patrice: [00:03:16] Well, great question. You know, Main Street is important, I think, in at least two ways. The first is they truly are in the heart of a community and people tend to feel about their town, the way they feel about their downtown, which is to say you’ve got a healthy, vibrant, thriving downtown. I think that’s a real sense of pride, provides a real sense of pride and helps shape the identity, a positive identity for a community. And the reverse is true as well, where if you look at downtown and there’s nothing happening, I think that can help sort of create a sense of distress and incredibly challenged. So, psychologically, we know main streets are extraordinarily important. They’re really important for the quality of life factor, you know, providing restaurants, dynamic shopping experiences, all of that good stuff. But we also know that they’re key to economic competitiveness, right? Because as the economy, we’ve seen these seismic changes in the economy in the last 10, 20 years, we know that people are more mobile and they’re often picking where they live and then choosing a job. And that means for those employers, for local leaders, it’s extraordinarily important that there are high quality places in those communities and downtowns have those qualities in abundance.

Eve: [00:04:40] So that’s what’s going to be my next question. Why is it important to save them? So, one reason is that it offers an option for people. But what if they didn’t have that option? Why is it really important to save main streets?

Patrice: [00:04:54] A couple of reasons come to mind. The first is that often if you’re looking in some of our more stressed areas, cross country, whether that’s in rural or urban areas, other than the people, that commercial quarter is often the single greatest asset that that community has, right? It tends to be affordable, stay flexible, it’s adaptable, it’s walkable and we know more and more people are really appreciating the benefits of walkability. So, it really is an approach to asset based economic development that leverages what you already have. The other thing is main streets, particularly those, you know, those truly that were built like before the 1950s, you have just such a beautiful sense of character. They really reflect the local culture. They were built in a human scale. They’re super, and I’ve already talked about adaptability, but that is extremely important, 5the fact that you can adapt these places, you know, you can do like light manufacturing, you can do a restaurant, you can do standard office. You can, you know, turn upstairs into apartments or condos. So, it’s important and for many communities, this is the single biggest asset they’ve got.

Eve: [00:06:13] Yeah, I always find when I go to a small town or borough with a charming main street, I feel very comfortable with the scale. It’s kind of very easy to relate to, which is a bit of a relief sometimes, I think.

Patrice: [00:06:28] It is, it is. And it’s so funny because, you know, with Covid I’ve been spending a lot of time at home and I have a four-year-old son and we had checked out a book from the library on Roman design, Roman construction. And it’s just, you know, looking at the sketches was just reminded that, you know, this is an urban form that has existed for millennia. And I think it’s existed for a reason. It’s certainly existed for purposes of transacting commerce, but it’s also been a place that people go to connect with each other. And I think Covid is making us realize how much we appreciate having places to go.

Eve: [00:07:09] Yeah, and how much we miss it, right?

Patrice: [00:07:11] Yeah.

Eve: [00:07:12] So a hard question. How do we bring equity to small towns? This is the other pandemic, right?

Patrice: [00:07:21] Yeah, no, no, no. And yes, equally as concerning, if not more so. I think the first thing is acknowledging the problem for what it is and speaking openly about it. You know, in many communities, there is a legacy of African Americans being excluded that dates back to Jim Crow where African Americans were really only allowed downtown on certain days, during certain times to complete their shopping. So, I think some of it is really just acknowledging that in many ways main streets were, just have extraordinary histories of exclusion. And my own thinking is you only fix that by a truly intensive community engagement process where you are committed to reaching audiences and meeting members that you haven’t had traditionally part of downtown and then programming in a way in which those communities, particularly African-American community, feels supported. We, at the Center, do a lot of work on entrepreneurial ecosystems, and we’re taking a fresh look at that in terms of really understanding and helping communities embed within their work practices that really create for more diverse representation downtown.

Eve: [00:08:53] Yeah, I think exciting time about this moment is everyone I am talking to is really thinking about this issue very constructively. And I’m not sure that’s ever happened before. It’s going to be really wonderful to see, you know, what a year of thinking brings, right?

Patrice: [00:09:11] Yeah, it will. And I think now we’ve got to do the work, right? It’s getting past the talking and acknowledging that, yeah, that we have a problem. And, you know, we’re certainly, I personally am really committed to it, and then the organization, Main Street America, are very committed to it as well. You know, I think we’re going to have more tools and resources, support our communities in this conversation in the coming months and I would also say, you know, we’re eager to intensively engage in places where they’re ready to have this conversation and, you know, they want to make some changes.

Eve: [00:09:50] Yeah. Yeah. What are the primary activities of the Main Street Center? How do you help communities?

Patrice: [00:09:57] So, we’re the leading national revitalization organization nationally. So that means we can provide training, technical assistance, grants, networking opportunities. All of that good stuff. But we’re probably best known for something called the Main Street approach, or the four point approach, which is a revitalization strategy that’s been used now by about 2000 communities to help them really identify their values, identify their vision for downtown, and then program in a way to really make that happen. It’s a very comprehensive approach. A lot of times what we see in economic development is, you know, kind of the  one-shot wonder where you build the stadium, or you build the museum or a baseball park, and expect that that will automatically transform an area. That is very rarely the case. Instead, what we know makes a big change, big differences, is small steps, incremental change over time in a way that really takes into consideration the design of the place, economic vitality, the strategies, how you’re, what kind of place you’re actually trying to create and how you are attractor helping those businesses. And of course, promoting it, marketing, marketing it, all that good stuff.

Eve: [00:11:19] Right now, what communities have you been working on?

Patrice: [00:11:24] Well, we do a lot of work in communities. Up until Covid, right?

Eve: [00:11:28] Yes. Yeah, yeah.

Patrice: [00:11:29] We have our field services team that I think was in 200 communities…

Eve: [00:11:35] You know, Covid19, I’m just astonished at the trickle-down effect. Every time I talk to someone there’s another impact I haven’t thought about.

Patrice: [00:11:45] Yeah, yeah. So, our field services typically visits, will visit at least 200 communities a year. And we have transitioned a lot of those services online. But particularly when you’re talking about place, it’s really tough work to do. Place and relationship building. It’s really tough to do.

Eve: [00:12:11] Impossible remotely, right?

Patrice: [00:12:13] I won’t say it’s all impossible. I will say a lot of it is extremely difficult. Yeah.

Eve: [00:12:19] Yeah. I mean, you can only go so far.

Patrice: [00:12:22] Yeah. Exactly. So, you know, it’s hard for me to pick a place where we’re doing work, but, we’re in so many places, but Ohio, we’re doing some really exciting work there in a few of the heavily coal-impacted areas in terms of supporting the development of entrepreneurial ecosystems in that place. And I would say that work is almost certainly shifting off, because of Covid, to be focused on recovery as well.

Eve: [00:12:54] I suppose the question is, you know, how are you shifting your thinking because of this pandemic?

Patrice: [00:13:01] Well, yeah. So, I actually have great hope for main streets on the other side of all of this. I think the reason I’m so hopeful is because I think they, you know, like we talked about, they’re so adaptable. And even though I think we’re going to see the marketplace change a little bit, I think the space to sort of inherently, you know, we can do it, right Eve?

Eve: [00:13:33] Well, you know, I think main streets have a future because I think there are going to be a lot of people who want the calm, peace and space in places that have small main streets. Unfortunately, I think we’re going to go through a period of time where downtowns in larger cities might be scary for some people. And that could be to the advantage of smaller communities.

Patrice: [00:13:59] Well, I think that’s right. And I think we are also seeing where so many of our big cities were reaching peak unaffordability.

Eve: [00:14:07] Oh, yeah, there that too.

Patrice: [00:14:09] Yeah, that combined with the dynamic of, you know, people wanting a little bit more space and realizing that they can work from anywhere. I do think that bodes well for rural towns. I just feel like Americans have reconnected with the value of walkability in recent years. And, you know, I think that persists on the other side of this as well. Even though the economic impacts are going to be severe, we’re going to have vacancies, storefront vacancies that we’re, you know, going to be challenged by, overall, I think, we come out for the better.

Eve: [00:14:44] Yeah. So, storefront vacancies were happening before the pandemic, right? Because retail was really shifting dramatically.

Patrice: [00:14:52] Yeah. Because we’re so massively overbuilt in terms of commercial space especially.

Eve: [00:14:57] And I think because retail activities have changed so much in the last few years.

Patrice: [00:15:02] Absolutely.

Eve: [00:15:02] So, what does that mean for main streets? I mean, hasn’t it changed so much in small places? I mean, I like having my groceries delivered from Whole Foods or Costco or somewhere, but I don’t know if that’s possible in a small town, so…

Patrice: [00:15:17] Yeah, yeah. From what I’ve seen, probably not. I guess maybe there have been some changes. Maybe there will be some changes. We are seeing where, particularly larger retailer vacancies, were really starting to be a problem. My impression is that those tended to be in places, maybe central business district downtown, the malls, the lifestyle centers, et cetera. But I don’t tend to see those national retailers concentrated quite so heavily on our main streets, at least in the type of communities that we’re working with. So, I’m a little bit, you know, less concerned about that dynamic there, because we were seeing, people were really being extraordinarily creative in creating an experience at customers. And whether that was a restaurant or retail. Yeah. And so, again, I think, you know, none of the fundamentals have changed. And so, I see that continuing on the other side.

Eve: [00:16:18] Yeah. So, it’s maybe a shift towards slightly different retail types. Which is kind of exciting to think about.

Patrice: [00:16:26] Yes, it is, it is. I mean, I don’t know about you, but I, I am sick of like trying to online shop for clothes.

Eve: [00:16:34] Oh, I hate it.

Patrice: [00:16:36] I want somewhere I can look at them, you know, like touch them, feel them, like, you know that sort of human want, you know. I think that it’s real and doesn’t go away.

Eve: [00:16:48] So, I’d love to hear about, like, an accomplishment you’re really proud of or a project that you thought sort of exemplified what you do at the Main Street Center, something that’s, that you love.

Patrice: [00:17:01] Yeah. Well, I love that you ask that question, thank you. We are working on an advocacy campaign right now to ask for congressional support for, I mean through organizations, and so, I have been so heartened and just thrilled to see the way that our network has really rallied behind this cause. Unfortunately, state and local Main Street Programs are in peril. We know fiscal budgets, which are a big source of funding for these programs, are badly endangered. And so, we have been rallying and approaching Congress about what sounds like a large number to me, but I’m told is actually a small number. We’ve been rallying around a 100 million dollar ask to ensure that we can sustain these main street programs when small businesses need them most. You know, these Main Street Programs, the leaders of these programs are the folks on the ground who are helping the small businesses with their PPP application or they’re directing them to local community foundations for grants or making sure they understand what might be available through the state. They’re also sometimes in the room negotiating with landlords for rent forgiveness or forbearance. In this moment, what I’m most excited about, most proud of, is the way that folks have rallied to Main Street’s defence. And I’m pleased that Congress seems to be listening. We have a long way to go yet, but I’m feeling good about it.

Eve: [00:18:44] Awesome, that sounds fantastic. So, I’m just shifting a little bit to you. What’s your background and how did you, what led you to this role?

Patrice: [00:18:54] Well, it was a meandering path. So

Eve: [00:18:57] They’re always the good ones.

Patrice: [00:19:00] Well, you know, some people, some people know. Like my husband, you know, knew in third grade what he wanted to do and he’s doing it today. So, I, to make a long story short, I ended up at Brookings Institution. That was the Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy at that point. And right after, soon after college, because I just love cities and, you know, I was sort of leaning towards the idea of a planning degree. And then I ended up on a tour in downtown Tacoma, Washington, with my dad. And, you know, we had this tour guide. Michael Sullivan, very well known locally, who captured my ardent attention. He just took us down, through downtown, telling the stories of the buildings. And I thought, OK, well, this is what I want to do. So, from there I, because I had really been interested in policy and really interested in architecture, and so I figured, OK, this is preservation is really a melding of those two things. So, from there, I took my time, but I ended up in grad school at Penn for preservation in the Design School. And I did my thesis actually on the greening of older historic buildings and ended up at the National Trust working as their research director. And then it’s it was a lot, I had so much fun in that job working on sustainability and older buildings. And then Main Street came along and I thought, well, you know, there are a lot of parallels between, a lot of threads, between sustainability and main streets. And so, I threw my name in the hat and here I am.

Eve: [00:20:50] That’s fabulous. So, you get to run this really pretty unique organization.

Patrice: [00:20:56] I love it.

Eve: [00:20:57] And spend time on main streets.

Patrice: [00:20:59] When times are normal, I get to see some of the most beautiful, most special places that I think people often never see. So, I am really grateful for that.

Eve: [00:21:11] So what’s one of the most beautiful, most special places you’ve seen?

Patrice: [00:21:17] So, a couple come to mind immediately. One is Emporia, Kansas. And I wouldn’t say it’s like beautiful in the way that, you know, you might think about a landscape or something. But it’s a city of, I think it’s twenty-five thousand, it’s near nothing, right, which is to say, I think Kansas City is a good two and a half, three hours away. And they have done such an extraordinary job of nurturing entrepreneurship there and have had just like success story after success story. I want to say that the Main Street Program has helped to support something like 70 or 80 new business starts there. They will allow good stuff with housing downtown. Just extraordinarily dynamic leadership. Great community. Yeah, just, just…

Eve: [00:22:11] In an unexpected place, right?

Patrice: [00:22:13] Yeah. Yeah. And then, you know, the other thing that I realize is, well the other, to one of the other key lessons I’ve learned, it’s from place called Edenton, North Carolina, and it’s an absolutely charming downtown. But sometimes with the preservation lens you can look at a place and say like, “oh, that facade isn’t”, you know, “that facade isn’t quite right”, “those windows…”, etc., etc.. And there’s a lot of what I would describe as imperfect preservation there, but I say that with no judgment. The thing I realized is, you know, it’s really not about the way it looks, it’s about what’s happening at 2:00 p.m. on a Tuesday afternoon, which is: Is this vibrant? Are people using this space? Are they getting what they need? And, you know, Edenton is absolutely just incredible.

Eve: [00:23:06] Oh, I’m going to have to put them on my bucket list.

Patrice: [00:23:08] Yeah, it is right on the water. It’s a beautiful, beautiful place. I’m probably getting my history wrong, but I think it was very briefly the capital of North Carolina.

Eve: [00:23:18] Fabulous. So, do you think socially responsible real estate is necessary in today’s development landscape?

Patrice: [00:23:26] I think it’s absolutely essential. I’m pleased to see that, you know, there is a bit more attention on it than perhaps in the past. My two big concerns when it comes to real estate are, well really three, building in a way that truly supports the community, is in line with the community’s vision. The second is building with time in mind. Meaning, I think so much of what gets constructed today is just utter crap.

Eve: [00:23:57] Oh, yeah, I agree.

Patrice: [00:23:58] And it will, it will not stand the stand the test of time either design wise or, you know, the fundamentals, the physical structures are so poorly constructed. And then the third thing that is, again, just kind of how I look at the world, is the reuse factor. You know, I tend to really gravitate to projects, you know appreciate projects, that are making use of an old building in some form or some fashion because they, the research I did early on in my career regarding the carbon impacts associated with new construction, was kind of formative in my thinking about this. I mean, there are just massive, massive impacts associated with constructing new buildings and tearing down old ones. And it’s just critically important that we’re giving that our full attention as we’re designing these places.

Eve: [00:24:52] Yeah, and, you know, I’ve done a lot of reuse projects and I find people really love the idea that they’re living in or occupying something that has a history. So, it’s a shame to eradicate it. It’s useful today.

Patrice: [00:25:09] Yeah. And Eve, you are a hero, a true champion among the development community for the work you’ve done on.

Eve: [00:25:19] Oh, thank you.

Patrice: [00:25:19] Yeah, and reuse. I think you’re right. I mean, I do think there’s an element of the human psyche that finds it very important to connect to elements of the past. And that’s what building reuse allows us to do. I mean, unfortunately, so much of what is being constructed today, you know, has so little value that, yeah, it’s hard to imagine 50 years from now that people are going to be fighting to save those places.

Eve: [00:25:46] Yes. Yep. Shifting gears again, what community engagement tools have you seen that have worked best? I know you talked about going further with them in the future, but I’m just wondering what works?

Patrice: [00:26:02] Yeah. So, I mean, there’s certainly the you hold a meeting and you see who shows up and you create the space for them to, for everyone to have a voice and to talk. And that’s very important. But there are two engagement tools in particular that we’ve had some success within recent years. One are surveys. I mean, obviously, that’s a little bit different and limited because you’re not having a dynamic conversation with someone. But that can be extraordinarily helpful in reaching a larger community group about and engaging them in terms of how they want to see their downtown evolve. And the second, and this is really important, is going to where they are, right? So, which is to say, if you have groups that just tend to not engage downtown and yet, you know, there’s a festival happening or there’s some sort of gathering, churches, what have you. That can be a great place to go and engage directly, you know, hand somebody a survey and talk to them at the same time. That’s been extraordinarily valuable.

Eve: [00:27:04] Oh, interesting. And then I have to ask this question. Do you think equity crowdfunding can play a role in building main streets? I’m hoping the answer is yes.

Patrice: [00:27:15] Money? Absolutely. Absolutely. And I think that crowdfunding, is probably the most exciting thing I’ve seen come along and real estate, I’d say full stop. Precisely because I think it creates a foundation for better community engagement, literally community buy-in.

Eve: [00:27:35] Yes. Yeah, that’s the important bit. Yeah.

Patrice: [00:27:37] Yeah. And that is, you know, that’s what it’s all about.

Eve: [00:27:42] Yeah, so they get to vote with their dollars. I mean, they also get to see the upside.

Patrice: [00:27:49] They do. They do. Yeah.

Eve: [00:27:51] Yeah. That’s what I love about it. So final question, what’s next for the Center and what’s next for you if you’re looking five years ahead, like what are the big goals?

Patrice: [00:28:03] Oh boy, I can answer the one for the Center pretty easily.

Eve: [00:28:07] Well, the 100 million for sure, right. That’s a really big goal.

Patrice: [00:28:10] After we get our 100 million and I go on vacation…I will not go on vacation. In terms of what’s next for the Center it is a renewed focus on diversity, equity and inclusion. You know, we’ve recently been doing some strategic planning that we’ve completely, I think, rethought our strategic plan to be aligned with goals of enhancing equity on main streets. I don’t want to be Pollyanna-ish about this and say, you know, we’re going to be able to snap our fingers and massive changes overnight but I do think we’re going to focus on creating tools and partnerships that will really support communities who want to have this conversation, are committed to creating a more diverse representation downtown. So, you’re going to see more resources come from the Center focused on the diversity issue. You know, the five-year question, Eve, is a really hard one because I’m spending all the time with Main Street. So, every year sort of presents a new challenge and you never know what’s coming down the road for you. I hope that, you know, five years from now, we’ve got double the membership and that we honestly have really engaged on the diversity issue in a really meaningful way.

Eve: [00:29:38] Yeah, I think that’s a good goal. And I hope there’s quite a few more main streets with less vacant storefronts.

Patrice: [00:29:45] That’s a good hope as well.

Eve: [00:29:48] Well, thank you very much for talking to me today. And I’m really looking forward to seeing what else, what else happens.

Patrice: [00:29:54] Thanks Eve, great to talk to you as well.

Eve: [00:30:08] That was Patrice Frey, the president and CEO of The National Main Street Center. Patrice impressed on me the importance of main streets. These commercial corridors are often the single biggest asset that a neighborhood or small town has. They are the center of commercial activity, often full of well-built, historic buildings, and they are the heart of their community. It’s important that they thrive. It’s important that they are saved and reused in ways that befit the way we live today.

Eve: [00:30:47] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website, rethinkrealestateforgood.co. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities.

Eve: [00:31:04] Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Patrice, for sharing your thoughts with me. We’ll talk again soon but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Patrice Frey

Equity and parking requirements.

Zoning, which dictates minimum off-street parking requirements for new and old buildings alike, has led to over 30% of our cities being given over to parking lots. While these parking requirements make for better parking, they make everything else worse.

There is no science to parking requirements. Every city adopts its own zoning rules and parking requirements. If you ask a planner how a parking requirement was set in any particular city, they would have no idea where the number came from.

What we do know is that parking requirements do a lot of damage. By favouring the car, cities have sprawled out of shape to make room for cars. And that spread has discriminated against those with lower incomes as housing close in becomes more and more expensive because of the lack of land. It’s made it harder and harder for those who really need to live close to where they work, to be able to afford to live close. If someone needs to buy a car to get to work because they can’t afford the housing that is close to their job, they also have to be able to afford all the associated costs of owning a car. It’s a vicious circle.

A 2016 study found that the median net wealth of Black families hovered at around $17,000, or 10 percent of the net worth of a typical white family. But some cities require two parking spaces per residence for apartments for low income families, and these are often Black families. How can they afford two cars? Since each space could easily cost more than $17,000 to build, wouldn’t it make more sense to put that cost towards higher-quality housing closer to their work? 

Dr Donald Shoup, a research professor at the Department of Urban Planning at UCLA, has spent his career deeply immersed in parking and land economics. His book, Parking in the City, shows that parking reforms can improve urban metro areas both economically and environmentally. It’s difficult to reform zoning for parking piecemeal says Donald.

“I recommend that cities should just remove off-street parking requirements.”

Many cities are following his recommendations and looking closely at parking requirement reforms and how this will make that valuable land available for much-development housing development instead. Houston recently increased its no parking requirements to cover a larger portion of the city and San Francisco, Buffalo, Hartford, London and Mexico City have already removed their off-street parking requirements completely. Expect to see more cities follow suit very soon.

Donald and I talk parking in this podcast. Listen in.

Image from pxhere

Cities are networks.

Over the last 25 years, Bruce Katz has established himself as one of the foremost policy experts working on urban and metro areas. He founded the Metropolitan Policy Program at the Brookings Institution, whose work has helped to reshape and revitalize several cities in the U.S. He is currently a Distinguished Fellow at Drexel University, heading their Nowak Metro Finance Lab. Bruce has also co-written two books on the challenges and opportunities of global urbanization: The New Localism: How Cities Can Thrive in the Age of Populism (2018), and The Metropolitan Revolution: How Cities and Metros are Fixing Our Broken Politics and Fragile Economy (2013).

Bruce’s recent work includes investigating how ‘clusters’ or regional innovation districts helped the resurgence of certain regions, both in the U.S. and abroad, as well as exploring how cities can thrive in the age of populism – what he calls The New Localism. He writes, “Power is drifting downward from the nation-state to cities and metropolitan communities, horizontally from government to networks of public, private, and civic actors, and globally along transnational circuits of capital, trade, and innovation.” It is this ‘new’ framework of governance and economics that drives his current work.

Bruce began his career as senior counsel, then staff director, for the Senate Subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs, then served as chief of staff to Henry Cisneros, former Secretary of Housing and Urban Development. He also co-led the Obama administration’s housing and urban transition team.

Insights and Inspirations

  • Cities are networks. They must knit together solutions.
  • It’s an imperative. We need a different model in the U.S. for growth so that it is sustainable and inclusive.
  • Transforming our cities requires long term thinking. It will take a 20 to 40-year cycle.
  • Improving the quantity and quality of affordable housing in the U.S. will take a radical systemic change.

Information and Links

  • Bruce and colleagues are thinking (and writing) about the Covid19 crisis and business recovery for minority owned businesses.
  • Bruce’s books are available here.
  • Research and briefs on The New Localism are available here.
Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:07] Hi there. Thanks so much for joining me today for the latest episode of Impact Real Estate Investing.

Eve: [00:00:13] My guest today is Bruce Katz, co-founder of New Localism Advisors. Over the last 25 years, Bruce has established himself as one of the foremost policy experts working on urban and metro areas. He founded the Metro Policy Program at the Brookings Institution and is credited with reshaping and revitalizing several cities in the U.S. More recently, he co-wrote several books shifting his thinking to how cities can thrive in the age of populism, what he calls the new localism.

Eve: [00:00:52] Be sure to go to rethinkrealestateforgood.co to find out more about Bruce on the show notes page for this episode. And be sure to sign up for my newsletter so you can access information about impact real estate investing and get the latest news about the exciting projects on my crowdfunding platform, Small change.

Eve: [00:01:13] Hello, Bruce. I’m so pleased you could join me today.

Bruce Katz: [00:01:16] Well, thanks for having me.

[00:01:18] Yeah, it’s really a pleasure. So, I would really love to talk about your current work and what you call the new localism. And first, I just wanted to know what that means.

Bruce: [00:01:29] Well, I think the new localism is the way we solve problems in the world today. Cities are networks of public, private, civic, community institutions, intermediaries. They’re not governments. And I think the kinds of challenges we have today require multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral solutions. And so, cities have become the places where you can do that. Whether it’s around transportation or housing or small business or any number of other significant challenges we have today.

Eve: [00:02:10] How do you see this trend emerging?

Bruce: [00:02:12] Well, I think it’s been emerging for quite some time. In the United States it’s emerged partly to fill the vacuum left by a dysfunctional and erratic federal government. In many states, also, which have ceased to function in any effective and efficient manner. I mean, obviously, you’ve seen this play out during the Covid crisis in the United States. So, I think what has happened is governments at the higher levels, quote unquote, of our societies have become hijacked by partisanship and have been divided by ideological polarization. And so, the only place where pragmatism and problem solving is the order of the day is the local, is the city level or county or metropolitan level, because that’s where you have different stakeholders who come together to collaborate to compete and collaborate to solve problems. So I think this is partly as a response to the growing partisanship in the United States and around the world, and partly just because 21st century solutions, which are enormously complex, require multi-sectoral horizontal solutions rather than one agency, one bureaucracy, which is more the way government is organized, resolving the issue.

Eve: [00:03:38] So, yeah, I’m not sure whether I find that comforting or scary. So, if the federal government is letting us down, we have to rely on each other locally that could be really good in a way that that could really promote innovation and entrepreneurism that’s probably impossible at the federal government level.

Bruce: [00:03:59] Well, I think for, you know, the mid 20th century is when we saw national governments balloon up in the United States. It happened in the aftermath of the Second World War. And there’s a purpose with national governments. They play a very important role around the safety net, around, obviously, universal health care and, you know, other essential supports for families. They obviously, the defence role they play around the military and so forth. I mean, there are certain things that a national government does that local networks can’t do, and they should do that job well. But they are not the full sum of a nation, you know, and the United States is a federal republic with enormous amount of power and capacity and resources distributed and decentralized. And so, really what the new localism is about is about harnessing and leveraging all this incredible, innovative power that we have in our country to solve problems and push forward. And the national government can be a platform for that and be a participant in it. But we shouldn’t be looking to that level to solve issues that, at the end of the day, require so much local interaction and local networks.

Eve: [00:05:33] That makes a lot of sense. So, I mean, what does this mean pragmatically then, for cities and metropolitan areas, at least in the way they are organized and might reorganize themselves moving forward?

Bruce: [00:05:48] Well, first is recognition that cities are not governments and metropolitan areas are not government, so you shouldn’t be thinking the way we think about government. When we think about government, we say, well, what’s the Department of Transportation going to do? Or what’s the Department of Housing going to do? Very bureaucratic, very vertical, very hierarchical. Cities are networks so we should be thinking about, if we’re going to solve our congestion problem or solve our housing affordability problem or grow Black- and brown-owned business. What’s the network way of doing that? How do we knit together different kinds of sectors, different ways of thinking, different sources of capital? It’s more likely that those solutions that are horizontal rather than vertical will be more sustained over time.

Bruce: [00:06:37] So, you know, thinking through network governance, right? Not just who do we elect to be mayor or county executive, which is very important, but really, how does universities and health care systems and corporations and entrepreneurs and the public sector philanthropies, how do these work together around solving specific concrete, tangible solutions or problems? I mean, what I’m trying to basically put forward with the new localism, which I co-wrote with a close friend of mine, Jeremy Nowak, is a completely different way of thinking about how we solve problems in the 21st century. And it’s to get away from 20th century thinking about government and silos and compartments as a way to do that.

Eve: [00:07:29] So, you know, I have I have a couple of questions around that and one is what brought you to this thinking?

Bruce: [00:07:36] Well, I spent my professional career moving from the federal level to the local level. I was chief of staff at HUD, the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development in the United States. I was chief of staff, staff director of a U.S. Senate subcommittee on Housing and Urban Affairs. So, I, I spent 10 years in the federal government working on issues of importance to cities but coming at it from a top down perspective. Then I left to start a city think tank at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., and really spent the next two decades working with cities all over the U.S. and around the world and beginning to work out a different theory around bottom-up nation building, essentially.

Bruce: [00:08:24] And so I’ve traveled a pretty long circle here of starting at the federal level, wanting to work on cities, but then really trying to work with cities and think through different mechanisms, different approaches and fundamentally different, more transformational outcomes that we’re trying to achieve. So, you know, we’re in an odd moment now because of these multiple pandemics that we’re facing in the United States and beyond. The health pandemic, the race pandemic. But at the end of the day, I think success will occur ultimately when communities, cities, counties, metropolitan areas are able to operate in this in a very radically different way than they’ve operated in the past.

Eve: [00:09:13] Interesting. So, you know, are there some cities that have emerged that are shining examples of this new power shift or new localism?

Bruce: [00:09:24] I think many cities actually have, and the crises that we’re going through have forced more collaboration across multiple sectors. In the book, The New Localism, we wrote a lot about Pittsburgh, which is sort of an informal network of philanthropies, universities, hospitals, corporations, government, community, to sort of lift Pittsburgh from the depths of a industrial collapse, which happened back in the late 1970s. Pittsburgh today is seen as that incredible vanguard of the innovative economy, partly because of…..

Eve: [00:10:04] I have to, I have to say full disclosure. You’re not just saying that because I’m in Pittsburgh, right?

Bruce: [00:10:10] No, not at all. I didn’t even know you were, but.

Eve: [00:10:12] I’m in Pittsburgh, so I’ve seen that transformation firsthand. It was pretty interesting and mind blowing to watch. But please, please go on.

Bruce: [00:10:24] Pittsburgh was a normal older industrial city in the United States. It would have been left for dead. I mean, most were, right? I mean, the comeback of Pittsburgh is because of local leaders understanding their distinctive advantages, investing in them for decades without any significant returns. And now, as the economy restructures and we move to the next generation of technologies, Pittsburgh has the ability not just to be a competitive city, but to be an inclusive city. So, Pittsburgh has an informal network that has been operating for decades. Indianapolis, which we also talk about has a more formal structure where the corporations and the universities and the philanthropies came together and set up an entity called the Central Indiana Corporate Partnership to literally help steward the economy for several decades. And what distinguishes Pittsburgh and Indianapolis is the ability to think long term. The US is a very short-term culture. Someone once said to me their idea of planning was lunch. We have a culture that looks at, you know, the corporations look at quarterly returns. You know, people watch stock market gyrations on a daily basis. The key here is to think in these 20, 25, 40-year cycles, just that’s how long it takes to really restructure economies and to have them have full inclusive effect.

Eve: [00:12:01] That’s really interesting. So, you know, I’ve actually seen that myself as I invested in properties in Pittsburgh maybe two decades ago. And now the city is, I don’t know if I would say booming, but it’s certainly in a very different place. But, you know, one of the things that we haven’t done well here in Pittsburgh and I’m sure is probably mimicked in other places, is the race issue where I think Black people have been left behind for a whole multitude of reasons. And, you know, the affordable housing which affects every city certainly becomes worse when a city gains more value. So, are local leaders really thinking about that well enough in advance?

Bruce: [00:12:48] Well, I think this is a, you know, this is an interesting thing about the United States and the other story we tell of the new localism is around Copenhagen. And how Copenhagen was able to move from an older industrial city where manufacturing collapsed to really one of the wealthiest cities of the world in a 30-year cycle. They did that because they established a public asset corporation that was able to use the land and the buildings that were owned by the public sector to basically grow a very different kind of economy and then to generate revenues as the economy grew so that they were able to reinvest in infrastructure. So, there was a public benefit to growth. In the US, the benefit to growth only accrues to the private sector, right? In Northern Europe, in Germany and the Netherlands and in Denmark and the Nordics there is a public benefit. The public has a piece of the pie, so to speak. So, as the pie grows, you’re able to generate revenues that can benefit a much broader segment of the population.

Eve: [00:14:00] That’s interesting. Yeah, the other place I’ve been watching with interest is Australia, because I’ve been gone from there for a long time, but they really lack an affordable housing policy and they’re…. it’s a very wealthy country. And from what I’ve seen, they’ve done a very poor job of transferring any of that wealth for public benefit. So, I don’t think the US is the only place with this issue. Don’t know if I’m right, but that’s my guess.

Bruce: [00:14:31] Well, I think it’s, again, I think of the US. The US as quite odd because in the United States we tend to localize education policy and to some extent, nationalize housing policy. The rest of the world operates in a completely different way. They tend to natutionalize education policy and localize housing policy, right? So, the reason why Hamburg and Copenhagen and Stockholm are able to grow very robust economies but continually invest in affordable housing is because it’s localized in these places. They’re not looking to their national governments to somehow solve the housing problem. They’re basically baking in affordability in the way they grow. And so, a lot of what really applies to cities is to think at a system level but to also think at a global level, because somewhere in the world there’s a city that’s cracking the code on whatever the issue that bedevils you. And that means that there’s just a very broad sort of pool of cities to draw from.

Eve: [00:15:42] Yeah, interesting. Do you know of any cities in the US cracking the affordable housing code, so to speak?

Bruce: [00:15:50] I think they’re mostly sort of at the edges of the affordable housing problem because I think it’ll take a radical systemic change. I mean, I think it’ll take what essentially is more of a German or Danish model and applying it here. We’re doing bits of that, but we’re not doing it at the scale they’re doing it. So, I think we haven’t quite broken out of our own failed system to tell you the truth. You know, on the other hand, you know, the Germans and the Danes and others could learn a lot from our innovation ecosystem, right? The US is hard wired around technological innovation and the rest of the world, you know, some parts of the world are obviously very competitive with us, but we have basically built the very unique U.S. innovation ecosystem. Built, by the way, on federal research and development like at Carnegie Mellon or Pitt, or etc. But we’re quite good at that and we’re quite terrible at these other things.

Eve: [00:17:00] Yeah. So, and then, how do you think this pandemic, the health pandemic, might change the trajectory for these rising cities, the cities that are actually doing a good job of new localism?

Bruce: [00:17:15] Well, personally, it just depends how long this going to go on for?

Eve: [00:17:20] A yeah, we know it’s going to go for a little while, right?

Bruce: [00:17:22] I’m very concerned as we keep cycling through this. So this is a moment where you really do need the national government to step in and sort of catch everyone if they fall, catch people through unemployment insurance, catch small businesses through capital that’s fit to purpose, catch local and county and state governments because of the loss of fiscal revenue. This is the role the federal government, right? This is why we have a federal government. They play this role during natural disasters like hurricanes or floods. Well, this is a hurricane happening everywhere, for an uncertain period of time. And what we really don’t have at the national level at this stage, curbing the spread of the virus or responding to its economic effects, is any kind of functional, predictable, reliable partner. It’s just partisanship. We’re know nothing-ism, you know, on steroids. So, I am worried that the aftermath of this pandemic is going to be with us for a long period of time because of the centrally federal malpractice. Other countries have already come out of the pandemic like the Nordics, and they were smarter about how they supported their workers, their companies and their cities during the entire process. So, I’m very worried about the decade long effect of the corona virus. And on top of it now, we have civil unrest following the death, the murder of George Floyd and we need systems change in the US. And that’s the only way that we’re going to accelerate any kind of inclusive growth recovery. And it’s going to require some real soul searching about why the economic performance and prosperity we had pre-covid was not shared by large segments of our population. So, there’s no return to normal here. And normal was not getting us the kind of outcomes we wanted in the first place.

Eve: [00:19:39] Yeah, exactly. No more is not getting us the outcomes. You know, the question I have is how, there’s so many answers to this, how do you make cities more equitable places for everyone? Because they are inequitable in a thousand and one ways. And yeah, I could see that networks of people are perhaps the only way to solve it. I don’t know. It’s a very big problem.

Bruce: [00:20:05] Well, we do take what we’re good at. We’re very good at innovation in the US. It’s partly because we have an ecosystem in every major city. Take Pittsburgh, we have advanced research. We have the companies. We have start-ups and scale-ups. We have capital to commercialize research, you know, with angel loans, seed money, series A’s, Series B, we have incubators we have accelerators. We have an ecosystem. If you move that over to, how do we grow Black-owned business or Latino-owned business or even women-owned businesses. There frankly is no ecosystem.

Eve: [00:20:40] No, there’s no ecosystem.

Bruce: [00:20:41] We have a, we have sets of goals. Sometimes we have set asides, but we don’t really have this deep infrastructure, intermediaries and different kinds of capital that fit the purpose. So, I think that’s what has to happen. We should take what we’re good at and begin to apply it more broadly. We’re never going to be the Danes or the Germans or the Israelis or someone else. I mean, we need to take what is exceptionally American, this network of sectors that tend to come together and collaborate to compete globally, we need to build on that because that is what makes us highly distinctive in the world.

Eve: [00:21:24] Yeah. On a slightly different track. Do you think there are any current trends in real estate development that are important to the future of cities? Keeping in mind the pandemic as well, I think about this a lot. And, you know, I own real estate with restaurant tenants, and we talk about whether they will survive or not and what it’s going to look like.

Bruce: [00:21:49] Well, to some extent, what you’re describing is that a lot of landlords in the US are really small business, so…

Eve: [00:21:56] Oh yeah, they are. Absolutely.

Bruce: [00:21:57] So, there’s a domino effect to this crisis as we just shut down the economy. The first that were affected were the face-to-face businesses like restaurants and bars and hair salons. But all of those businesses are ecosystems unto themselves. They have lenders, they have landlords, they have suppliers, they have workers, they have customers. So, this whole crisis has exposed the intricacy and the complexity of our economies. I’ve been working on this idea about a new kind of intermediary that we’re calling regenerators, you know, in our main streets, where many of our face serving businesses are co-located and concentrated. And over the course of the next several years, I think what we need to do is have entities that can refill vacant buildings quickly, maybe pop-ups that can provide master leases. So that we don’t see a collapse in the real estate sector, essentially looking for an intermediary that can stabilize important cadres and business districts and main streets in our cities until we really begin to see businessman come back to where it needs to be. So, I think part of the issue here is just the need for different kinds of business models. If we think that every small business is going to snap back by itself, I think we’re delusional. I think we need more collaborative, cooperative models, particularly around retail and particularly around these business districts in which a lot of enterprises co-locate. And real estate’s a big part of that.

Eve: [00:23:47] Yeah, it is.

Bruce: [00:23:47] Another cost of the equation.

Eve: [00:23:50] Yeah, definitely. I am also very worried. But I’m pretty sure we’re going to get through it one way or another. So, what what’s your hope for cities and metros maybe in the next five or 10 years?

Bruce: [00:24:06] You know the imperative, I think at this point, is that cities and metros begin to grow in very different ways, right? The kind of growth that we had in the US pre-crises was not sustainable and was not inclusive. I mean, the US was not making the kind of transition to a carbon neutral future that needs to be made. Copenhagen is, Stockholm is. But our cities were not. At the same time our cities were not really growing income or wealth for large portions of their populations due to a whole complex set of reasons, some deeply rooted in our history. So, we need a different growth model in the US. And there’s a lot of commitment to, quote unquote, inclusive growth and quote unquote, sustainable growth. But those are slippery terms. They’re vague terms. So my hope in the next year or so is that U.S. cities and metropolitan areas commit to some audacious goals for the next decade and then use this period to sort of back cast the kind of more ambitious initiatives and system change that’s necessary so that they can achieve those goals. And if the federal government can be a partner, fantastic, they should be. If states can be partners, great. But the vision for what our future should look like should be essentially designed locally.

Eve: [00:25:46] Oh, I can’t wait to see that.

Bruce: [00:25:47] These are systems or communities with radically different pasts and different priorities, and they should, so, every major city in Metro of the US should be going through this kind of process.

Eve: [00:26:01] It’s an exciting thought. And so, final question, what’s next for you? You said you’re very busy.

Bruce: [00:26:09] I’ve been spending a lot of time thinking about this question about, and, you know, first of all, looking at the current set of data that we have in the US around Black-owned business, brown-owned business, and trying to think through what would be a step change. You know, only two percent of employer firms in the US are owned by Blacks today. They’re 14 percent of our population. There’s a whole set of reasons around that. So, the question is, if over the next decade we were going to double that share or triple that share and also have Black-owned businesses participate in sectors of the economy which tends to pay higher wages, have higher benefits, higher revenues. What would that take? And I think that’s the kind of system building that I’m really interested in working on, perhaps with the next administration, should that come to pass in this election, but also really growing from the local level on up. So, intensely focused on building what I call community wealth in the US as a antidote to the kind of deep racial and ethnic disparities on income, health and wealth we have today.

Eve: [00:27:31] Well, I, I really can’t wait to see what comes of it and I really appreciate the time you’ve taken today. Thank you so much.

Bruce: [00:27:38] No, thanks for having me. I really appreciate the.

Eve: [00:28:00] That was Bruce Katz. Bruce thinks we should stop thinking about cities as governments and instead think of them as networks. The question is, how can we knit together lasting solutions to improve our cities from a network of leaders, both public and private? Transforming our cities requires long term thinking. It will take a 20 to 40-year cycle. But Bruce believes this is an imperative. We need a different model in the U.S. for growth so that it is sustainable and inclusive.

Eve: [00:28:40] You can find out more about impact real estate investing and access the show notes for today’s episode at my website EvePicker.com. While you’re there, sign up for my newsletter to find out more about how to make money in real estate while building better cities.

Eve: [00:28:58] Thank you so much for spending your time with me today. And thank you, Bruce, for sharing your thoughts. We’ll talk again soon. But for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Bruce Katz

The high cost of free parking.

Various studies indicate that approximately 30 percent of city land in the United States is allocated to parking. The Department of Urban Planning has estimated that New York City alone has approximately three million on-street parking spaces. Interestingly, only 3 percent of them have meters.

Let’s get this straight. While housing costs are rising, often because of the cost of land, we’re giving away free parking, which takes up a lot of land. At the same time, all of this free parking leads to traffic congestion which in turn leads to air pollution, fuel waste and global warming.

Perhaps we have our priorities all wrong. Dr. Donald Shoup certainly thinks so.

Dr. Shoup is a distinguished research professor at the Department of Urban Planning at the University of California, LA. His book, The High Cost of Free Parking, turned an otherwise academic topic into a significant policy issue. In it he suggests some radical (or perhaps not so radical) ideas. He believes that cities should charge for curb parking. This means there would be no shortage of parking but, like real estate that’s valuable, it won’t be free. And with advances in technology, payment for parking can easily be cashless and frictionless. Mobile phone payments are already possible and soon in-car apps will guide you to available parking, will provide you with the cost of that space and will automatically stop charging you when you leave. 

He suggests too that it’s important that people see the direct benefits of paying for parking. The revenue could be spent in the immediate vicinity of parking space, on added public services such as cleaning and fixing sidewalks, planting street trees and adding lighting and security. Or perhaps the revenue for the best spaces could go to a local charity. If the spaces near the front door of a grocery store gave their revenue to charity and the rest of the lot were free, people might choose to support that charity for the convenience of parking close to the front door.

“It’s like putting a cash register out at the curb” says Donald. Hear more in my interview with Donald.

Image by Mad Ennok from Pixabay