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PropTech

Garage ADUs.

September 14, 2022

Want to know about project management? Meet Rebecca Möller, the founder and CEO of Symbihom, a company in the San Francisco Bay area that has designed unique, prefabricated garage to ADU conversion kit, hoping to aid the problem of affordable housing with units that take less than 4 weeks to install.

In 2008, prior to founding Symbihom, Rebecca founded R Möller & Associates, Inc.,a project and construction management company based in Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and San Jose. At R Möller & Associates, she worked with many (very) large companies. A few projects include the development of data and call centers for IBM, Verizon and General Electric, the development of Hershey corporate headquarters, the Penn Medicine MRI Suite, and the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, NBA Seventy-Sixers training facility and student activity center.

Previously, between 1997 and 2007, Rebecca was the owner and CEO of Probity, Inc – also a project management firm. Overall, Rebecca has overseen more than 22 million square feet of commercial real estate worth over $10 billion in construction projects nationally. That’s a lot.

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:06] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. For Good. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors, those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo, in order to build better for everyone.

Eve: [00:00:42] Rebecca Möller has managed very big construction projects for her entire career. In fact, she’s overseen more than 22 million square feet of commercial real estate, worth over $10 billion in construction projects nationally. That’s a lot. But now she’s tackling an even bigger problem, the housing crisis in California. Recognizing the need for a scalable solution, Rebecca has designed and is manufacturing and deploying a garage conversion kit. Buy the kit, and your contractor can convert your garage into an affordable and income producing accessory dwelling unit in a matter of weeks. You’ll want to hear more. If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do, share this podcast and go to rethinkrealestateforgood.co, where you can subscribe to be the first to hear about my podcasts, blog posts and other goodies.

Eve: [00:01:55] Hi, Rebecca. Thanks so much for joining me. This promises to be a very fun interview.

Rebecca Möller: [00:02:00] Yeah, it does. I’m glad to be here Eve.

Eve: [00:02:03] So, you’ve been in real estate project and construction management for quite a long time, one of a rare breed of women in the real estate industry. How did you become involved in real estate? What’s your background?

Rebecca: [00:02:18] Well, I come from a family of artists and I’m not one. My oldest sister became an architect. I had a dad who’s really doesn’t carry any or didn’t carry any gender bias. And I like math and science, so I decided to go to engineering. And so, that kind of put me in a realm of construction and I went to, I was in Dallas Fort Worth, I went to work for a global cost consulting firm, was my first stop, and I learned how to estimate in all trades, was certified as an estimator in quantity survey and we were tied to the UK, so when I went to work for the largest general contractor in Dallas, I knew how to do conceptual estimating. So, my early project, 55 story buildings, I was putting the whole projects together by the age of 22. And so, after Dallas, I went to Philadelphia and work for the largest construction there and was working on data centers and ops centers and hospitals. And then I started my own project management company to oversee the interests of Fortune 500 companies. So, I did that for 20 years.

Eve: [00:03:27] So you started with a boom.

Rebecca: [00:03:29] Yeah, I did. I have a modeling mind. And so, it’s really helpful because I understand costs and choices and most people in the design capacity don’t understand that correlation. And so, it’s made it very easy for me to model solutions. And I think with what I’m doing now, it was the ability to see a replicable, scalable model that got me excited about a solution.

Eve: [00:03:58] So, with this successful career behind you, you’ve launched a startup called Symbihom, which is a pretty interesting concept. What prompted you to launch, to start over again, really. It’s starting over again.

Rebecca: [00:04:12] Yeah, it’s a new career because it’s actually like home residential venue instead of large commercial construction. But I’ve been in charge of like Herculean tasks and done them successfully. And so, I’ve been in the market in Silicon Valley. I came to oversee a couple of high rise, actually four high rise residential projects. The Chinese developer had bought them. They bought pro formas were actually not true. So, I was one of the first people to explain to them what the real numbers were. And after two years of being in the marketplace and really for us to not be able to get anything to work, I realized that the billboards wouldn’t pencil because I’m a construction cost expert. And so, they’ve aggregated property re entitled it and is driving the land cost. And so, there’s tons of billboards, but there’s no housing being built, no shovels in the ground. And another aspect of this is when you have affordable, even though the city may make you have an inclusionary fee, a lot of times the fee will be paid because it’s less expensive to do that than build the affordable. But when they do build the affordable, the only way to access it is through lottery. So there are no waiting lists here for affordable housing.

Eve: [00:05:36] So hold on, back up a minute. You got involved with a developer who was doing residential housing, which gave you a window into the residential housing market.

Rebecca: [00:05:46] On the commercial front.

Eve: [00:05:48] Like large buildings multi. Yeah. Yeah. And that made you realize that nothing’s really penciling out.

Rebecca: [00:05:56] Nothing, I did a feasibility study for a college here, a university. The CFO hired me. The state had given them an office building a block away from their campus, and he said, Rebecca, what can I do with it? So, I modeled two scenarios. One was taking a garage next door so that I had a bigger footprint. I had three 25 story towers in one scenario and two 25 story towers. We had done a demand study on campus. We knew that 800 people would be interested in living in these towers, and the three towers came in at 1.2 billion, which equates to million dollars a unit. You can’t build affordable, there’s not enough market, like market rate in it. And we’re limited in San Jose because we have a flight pattern going into the airport. So, the stories is as tall as I could go, but it also gets down to the bonding of the college, and it was like $600 million under, so.

Eve: [00:06:56] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:06:56] I also was privy to, because we did the demand study, I was privy to all salaries. And I think that was the ‘aha’ moment for me, because I looked at the salaries and everybody but the executives are in the affordable housing range. The average median income here is 150,000. So, when you see they can only pay $85,000 to an incoming professor, how can you attract and retain talent? And that’s a real challenge systemically.

Eve: [00:07:23] So, the rule of thumb is for rent, like, if you have an income of 100,000, you shouldn’t spend more than a third of that on your housing costs, including utilities. Right. And what I’ve been reading is in California and many other places, it’s often over 50%.

Rebecca: [00:07:41] Correct. And it’s gotten worse since the pandemic. I saw some statistics from a low-income housing non-profit, and they were comparing how much the rents went up percent wise last year compared to this year, dollar wise. And it was like $32 last year and it was $137 this year. That’s a 500% increase.

Eve: [00:08:04] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:08:05] In the rent. And so, we all know that, well maybe we don’t all know, but real estate went out the ceiling to the low interest rates. And now the housing is slowing because builders aren’t getting asked to build at a higher interest rate. And so, we just continue to compound. Before the pandemic, when I started this company, it was in January of 2020. And at that point we were 3 million homes shy of what we needed in projections for California. And even though people have moved, people still come in. You go where opportunity resides. And then when people want to find a place to live that’s affordable, they have to drive 2 hours. And so, what I’m really pitching at an institutional level and a city level is really going to have to provide housing for these people if you want someone to come, especially young professionals, they can’t afford to live here and we need them.

Eve: [00:09:01] Right.

Rebecca: [00:09:02] And then we’ve got an aging out. So, we want people to age in place. And I think with my solution, it’s very, because a person could age in place if they need income. And I know in Santa Clara County, 50% of our seniors are not doing well and 50% are. And so, you have a population that would benefit from an income stream. So, if they wanted to build the unit, live in it fully accessible or live in their house and you rent the unit, it’s a means for an income and also solving a community problem.

Eve: [00:09:33] Then there’s kids who can’t afford to buy their own home yet. Right. There’s a lot of people with children who are residing with them unexpectedly.

Rebecca: [00:09:42] Yeah, exactly. So, this is a really multifaceted solution. You can have a caregiver because you want to age in place, and you can afford to have a caregiver and have a place for them to live. If your child needs to be at home, you can build something that makes them have privacy, and you have privacy. Which really you know, it makes it where you can maintain the relationship.

Eve: [00:10:06] Right.

Rebecca: [00:10:06] Or you have aging parents, and you want to have them live with you. I had one had one family. They sold their house in San Francisco and they moved to San Jose with their grandparents. Move with their son and their children, and they did a multigenerational solution, and the garage was the solution.

Eve: [00:10:27] So, let’s go back to that, because I’m realizing we skipped over that whole thing. So, Symbihom is, your company basically is working on a scale solution for converting garages into accessory dwelling units. Not everyone who’s listening even knows what an accessory dwelling unit is. But I think in the state of California now, every household is permitted to have an extra unit on their properties.

Rebecca: [00:10:56] Actually, a number of units. You can have a junior ADU, which I can make a junior ADU at the garage because the junior ADU communicates with the house. My junior 80 who has a full bath and kitchen. Most junior ADUS do not. An extra room in the house. And then I think we’re up to having two ADUs and one junior ADU. And then another law was passed, SB10, that allows you to bifurcate a residential property and build two units on each side, so you can build up to four units on one lot.

Eve: [00:11:28] Right. So, this is California’s answer to this problem is to play with zoning laws, to allow densification where there’s already infrastructure and buses and everything that people need to live and work comfortably. Right?

Rebecca: [00:11:44] Yeah. And also sustain a stable workforce. And whether they have kids going to school, those children in the community getting educated and having teachers that have time for them is important to you. It’s important to the health and well-being of community. I just want to step back too and tell you where the name came from, Symbihom. So, it came from the SEM, which is a, it’s a preface. It’s like the before, it’s the habitat and the biome, and it was a microbiome. You know, if the microbiome is not diverse, it’s not healthy. And so, it was really a play on that. So, that’s where the name Symbihom came from. It’s bringing health back and reconstituting our communities. So that we can live and breathe and not have to stress our force.

Eve: [00:12:37] So, let’s talk about what you actually produce, which is, you’re working on converting garages into ADUs, and what goes into that in terms of approvals or thinking about utilities or finishes. Because garages are pretty raw spaces. How do you make that conversion affordable to the homeowner?

Rebecca: [00:12:58] Well, I’ve made a replicable model. So, my unit will fit in any size garage. I mean, it probably wouldn’t in 12 feet with a full bath, but I might be able to work something out. Usually it’s at least 13 feet wide. Single car garage.

Eve: [00:13:13] This is the artist in you.

Rebecca: [00:13:14] You know, and it’s got to have at least a seven and a half foot ceiling. But what I’m experiencing here, actually, yesterday I saw close to a ten-foot ceiling in one garage, but it’s a recently built house. In my model, the video that is on the site, it’s shy of an eight-foot ceiling because I have to level the floor. But I want to step back and say, you know, I make the garage sexy, when people say garage they go, oh, ugly.

Eve: [00:13:43] You should have named it Sexy Garages instead of Symbihom.

Rebecca: [00:13:46] Yeah. But there’s no one that has walked in the model that hasn’t said, wow, this was a garage? So, it’s really a conversion of underutilized space. And with the garage, it’s really a lot more private than having an accessory dwelling unit in the middle of your backyard, which is what the backyard ADU is about. And I don’t do the backyard ADU, I am re utilizing existing space, and it means that my unit costs half of what the backyard costs. And it also is a secure investment for a homeowner. But because I go from a construction background, I know how to do the assessment, I know how to put numbers together, and I can make sure that owner the knows how much it is before they say yes. I’m aligned with, the State of California has included me in their preferred ADU provider list.

Eve: [00:14:36] So, what goes into converting a garage into an ADU? I’m sure there has to be a lot of approvals and consideration with utilities and finishes, just a whole lot of stuff to think about.

Rebecca: [00:14:50] You know, there is, and most people look at it as being daunting. What I’ve done is spent a whole lot of time with building inspectors and in the city of San Jose. And I actually have master permits there now, so that I just have to come in with the site-specific information. But you need to know, and this really starts with the assessment, you need to understand what the load capacity is of the house for electric. You need to understand where the sewer is connected and how large it is. Because here you can only put three water closets or toilets on a three-inch line, so you have to have a four-inch line. That’s changing in January. And, you know, the water source. And so, when I do the assessment, I do a load calc on the house, make sure that we have enough power. The unit can use gas because we’re conversion. All new construction here has to use electric. So, I don’t, it’s not mandatory for me, in most cases, to have to do anything with utility upgrade. And that saves a lot of time.

Eve: [00:15:56] So, you’re saying that these ADUs are actually extensions of the house, so they’re using the same electrical panel?

Rebecca: [00:16:03] Yes.

Eve: [00:16:04] I see.

Rebecca: [00:16:05] I don’t have to go do any connections in the street or get a new service coming in or anything. I can feed off of the house because it’s the conversion of the existing space. And so, what I’ve done is I’ve created a product that will fit in any size garage. So I’ll go in and I’ll assess, what’s the available space? My model had a laundry room in the garage, so I made a laundry room in the closet and lined it up. So, it made it where it was a little bit shallower, but it still worked. So, the available space dictates what it’s going to be and how wide the garage is going to dictate what it’s going to be. So, if it’s under 22 feet, generally, it’s going to be a studio. If it’s 22 feet or wider, it can be a one bedroom. When it gets to 26 feet, it turns into a two bedroom, but that’s predicated on it being at least 22 feet deep. So, there’s some magic with respect to the dimensions that kind of tell the story. And so, what I’ve done is I’ve got a fabricator. I’ve made it where all the electric is inside my kit, inside my panels and the plumbing. I have one wet wall that the kitchen and bath attach to. And so, I really just have to do the rough end. And I do that while we’re waiting for the permits, because I know I’m already code compliant, so it’s really more about getting the city comfortable with my product because it’s a hybrid between commercial, because I use light gauge steel studs, I don’t use wood. With the lumber market going crazy, I found somebody that actually stamps his own studs, and that’s the business he was in originally. So, this is not new it’s just adding to. And so, that’s pretty much it. So, I’m able to do the estimate on what it’s going to cost, go over it with homeowner, give them some options on what the layout would be. I have a couple of options for the front of the garage. It can have a series of windows if they’d like. What I’ve tried to do is make it more or less match the aesthetic it had before. So, it’s not going to look like an oddball in the neighborhood. And people come to the model, they hesitate because they don’t realize the garage is the ADU. They don’t recognize it. They want to go to the front door. So, that’s a good sign. But I’ve got an option that’s a series of pivot doors that mock a glass garage door. So, if you want to still, like a garage door, I can do that. And some people do. They like it to resemble what it was originally, and probably the neighbors do too.

Eve: [00:18:28] And what are they doing with their vehicles?

Rebecca: [00:18:31] They park in the driveway, which most people do. I mean, usually it’s full of junk.

Eve: [00:18:38] So, there they go home.

Rebecca: [00:18:39] And I actually have a video, another one that I don’t have published yet. So, the mayor said, you know, we just use our cars. We don’t park our cars there, we use them for junk. And so, one unit I’m working right now, we’re going to include in the cost a shed, so that she can call through what she wants. She still got a workshop. I can run some electric to it. She’s actually going to upgrade her service. So, eventually we can put some air in there. And they’re getting rid of the stuff they don’t need. That’s just really an exercise of, are you motivated?

Eve: [00:19:13] It really is really wasted space at the moment then, right?

Rebecca: [00:19:17] Oh yeah. It is.

Eve: [00:19:18] Interesting. And so, like what does it cost for the homeowner? Like, what’s the cost per square foot compared to like building in your backyard?

Rebecca: [00:19:28] Well, see, I don’t do cost per square foot because as you well know, the bathroom and kitchen are the biggest expense. And so, when you have a small unit, you have a bathroom, a kitchen, and it’s going to make the cost per square foot.

Eve: [00:19:41] That’s true. It’s true.

Rebecca: [00:19:44] It’s not really a teller. So, my studio is about 175,000. Now, keep in mind, homes here, I don’t know, they’re over $1000 a square foot. So, this is just a tiny thing. It’s a blip on the screen when you look at the whole cost of the house. So, I’m putting a unit in, and it might be 200,000 if I have to pump utilities and do some other stuff. But think about it. And the owner is putting 200,000 in a $2.2 million house. And that’s not a big house.

Eve: [00:20:16] Right. I’ve heard that one of the biggest issues for ADUs is for homeowners to come up with financing. So, what are their options?

Rebecca: [00:20:26] It has been in the past. Right now, the state has a program to, as an incentive program, it’s $40,000 for qualifying homeowners and there’s an income cap. But I think the income cap, I know the income cap in Santa Clara County is 300,000 a year. So, they’ve been reasonable. And so, in San Jose, I worked with the mayor’s office to be able to use some tax dollars to convert it, to be able to use it for ADUs. And they’re working through the mechanics of putting that in place. And when we were dialing it up, it was about $50,000. So, if you can combine those two, then you’re looking at 90,000 against what you’re building because they’re trying to incentivize.

Eve: [00:21:10] And how much rent would you get for that $90,000 unit?

Rebecca: [00:21:14] You could easily get $2,000 for a studio.

Eve: [00:21:17] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:21:18] Yeah. There’s actually a list that is published, and it tells you, like, what the income is for, and then what the rents that are allowed. So, I’ll give you an example. And our teachers are in low income, and I never use that terminology on my website because it’s a nomenclature misnomer. People think, oh, low income, or they’re homeless. But far from it. If you’re saying you can only pay a professor 85,000 a year, then that’s 80% AMI, that’s low income.

Eve: [00:21:52] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:21:53] So, with the rents that you can put on a studio for a low-income person, 80% AMI is $2061.

Eve: [00:22:04] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:22:05] A month. If you want to go to a one bedroom for somebody that’s 80% AMI, you’re at $2355. And all of these are published charts that you can look up.

Eve: [00:22:16] This is a good deal for the homeowner, and it creates more housing. So, tell me about your first models and where they were located and how many you’ve built.

Rebecca: [00:22:25] Yeah. So, my first model is in San Jose and it’s for a caregiver. It’s an 80-year-old couple. And, if you watch my vision video, you’ll see them at the end. The daughter and the mother. They were going to move into a facility before COVID happened. Then they decided, no, we’re not going to do this. So, this was a really great solution for them. And the daughters have since been using it to take their parents to hospital visits, doctor visits, the types of things they’re doing well now. And then I’ve got a second unit that’s in Burlingame, that’s in south part of San Francisco, and it’s a detached, large garage. If it had been a deeper garage, it could have been a two bedroom, but it’s a one bedroom, large one bedroom with nine foot ceilings. And it’ll probably rent for 3,000 a month easily.

Eve: [00:23:18] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:23:19] And I’ve got two more that are in play right now. It took forever to get the master permits in San Jose. I spent a whole lot of time on that. But what that does, because it’s one of the hardest cities to get permits in, is it gives me a seal of approval with every other municipality.

Eve: [00:23:35] Right.

Rebecca: [00:23:36] And I’m really just starting to ramp up my marketing and PR. To be able to protect my IP, I have a patent pending on my unit and the design and I’ve just really started to make myself known with different entities. The Casita Coalition is one that the two founders, two women, helped write the ADU laws, and they’re a real big advocate for what I’m doing.

Eve: [00:24:03] So, you’re not going to solve this problem one unit at a time? What’s the plan to scale your company?

Rebecca: [00:24:10] Well, it’s geographical scalability is what got me excited. And so, I have to train crews. And so, I have a certification program I’m putting in place so that I can train installation crews. And so, the start is in the Bay Area, but we have problems all through California. So, it’s really about being able to find those alliance partners that have high integrity that can be the builders to do the installation. And I can then teach them how to pre-qualify a house and they can start a business. So, it’s not going to be really a franchise, but it’s alliance partners. And that really could be anywhere. I just read recently that average rent in New York City is $5,000 a month. And I think, okay, northern New Jersey is a hotbed for this.

Eve: [00:25:02] Just wondering, how many garages there are in Pittsburgh I could tackle.

Rebecca: [00:25:06] Well, you’re welcome to. I’m Serious. Anything that’s underutilized, and it’s happened in every, Austin. The influx of people are, it’s a form of gentrification because the prices get so high that the average person can’t afford them, and institutions are coming up and buying up the real estate and making it a market. So, it’s not touchable for the average person to own a home, which is a real problem.

Eve: [00:25:35] It is really a big problem. What does a conversion kit look like? What do you give a contractor who comes to you and says, I want to start a business converting garages? What do they get?

Rebecca: [00:25:45] Well, first they get a background check. Because I come from construction, I don’t trust anybody in construction until they’ve been properly vetted. And gone around the block with me a couple of times. Because I know all the games. So, it’s really that’s really top of the list to me is the integrity and competency of the person, so that I can train them and make these units available for them to install. And so, it basically would be shipped to them. We’d put the orders in. I’ve got a transportation and warehouse company that is one of my investors. All of my materials go there that go inside the unit that are not the panelized system. And then it gets aggregated there. I put it in a pod in the order in which it’s needed at the job site, and the pod goes to the job site at the same time the panels do, all the panels are flat stacked, they’re prewired, they get clipped in place, they get connected, and of course all the home runs and it’s ready for those connections prior to the panels getting there. So that permit period is really a time to get all the rough ends ready and the unit ready.

Eve: [00:27:00] Wow.

Rebecca: [00:27:00] So, I’ve done everything I can to make it a kit, Eve. So, it’s like, took the construction piece out of it. This is, I need a plumber, electrician.

Eve: [00:27:11] So, it really doesn’t need to be a contractor who’s doing it at all, right?

Rebecca: [00:27:15] No, it does not. It can be somebody. I’d love, there’s a couple organizations, but I’ve seen them more in Canada and New York City. Women in construction. You know, it’s like, being able to mentor and bring people up into the trades. Because when you have to install the panels, there’s certain tools you have to use to do certain things. And I have all those scoped out and then you need to use the high level. You need to have some amount of muscle, so that you can bring these panels up and you can clip them in place. You’ve got to have a ladder in there, just basic things. And a chop saw so that you can do the trim. But eventually I’d probably have the trim cut to size, but there’s going to be variations. But to the extent that it’s…

Eve: [00:28:01] It could be my next job.

Rebecca: [00:28:03] Minimized what a person needs in the realm of tools, that it’s kind of like, when you have an assembly thing from IKEA. Mine doesn’t have as many parts as IKEA. The clips are on the panel, so you have the clips. There is a Hilti gun that you need to use to install them into the concrete. And there’s a certain hammer ratchet that you have to use to put anchors, tighten anchors, to make a stem wall. I mean, these are just, but, once you learn how to do it once, this is not a mystery, you know, it’s just a drill, a hammer.

Eve: [00:28:40] So, could the homeowner do it? Like, will you let the homeowner do it themselves or.

Rebecca: [00:28:45] You know, I think at one point I would. But it would be with stipulations and sign offs because, you know, you need to have a quality of person. These are drywall. You have to take bed pipes and get it prepped. Right. So, you need key people. But if they can line them up locally, then there’s no reason it can’t be shipped to the homeowner and the homeowner manage it. Part of my concern, if you’re a construction and construction your entire career, you know how things work. But homeowner, this is like a lot. And so, working with the city, permitting all of that stuff, I take care of that for.

Eve: [00:29:25] Yeah, that’s a lot.

Rebecca: [00:29:27] Because it was really important to me to insulate the homeowner from risk. And eventually I’d like to be able to lease the garage and have an institution pay for the installation of the unit and have the institution be able to have a place to rent for a period of time. There’s a lot of ways to play this, and I’m working with cities and institutions, working on a pilot with a major private university here. And just heard back from a board member for one of the major school districts to be able to do pilot. Let me prove to you that community can help you with your problem and you’ll be helping the community. And that really makes it where the institution being there is to help to the community rather than a pain in the butt because of the traffic or the whatever is brought to them.

Eve: [00:30:17] Right, right. Right. So, what are some of the biggest challenges you’ve been confronted with building this company from scratch?

Rebecca: [00:30:25] I’m a female founder. If I was 25, male…

Eve: [00:30:27] That was going to be my next question.

Rebecca: [00:30:32] I mean, I went out for Pre-seed round and I’ve done well, but it had not happened as fast as it would if I was a different profile.

Speaker1: [00:30:40] Well, under 3% of venture capital goes to women owned companies.

Rebecca: [00:30:47] Yeah, I’ve got one funder.

Eve: [00:30:50] That’s a pretty hard statistic to live with, right?

Rebecca: [00:30:53] If I weren’t in Silicon Valley, this wouldn’t have been possible. If I weren’t in San Jose and had done those high rises and known everybody at the city, this wouldn’t have been possible. There’s been a whole precursor of things that made it where a) I had the courage to do it. I knew I could do it, and I had the support of officials. And that’s been an interesting road because the building officials said you couldn’t use the garage, so there was a hill to get over. But I did it. And my investors are, I’ve got all men and one woman. But they get it because they’ve been in the realm of development. They understand the scalability and they get excited about it because they understand the validity of the venture. You know, I think right now getting the right PR and marketing company and the right articles and I’ve been resistant to writing articles about me. I want an article about this program and what it can do for the community, so that people can start to buy into it. And I think those are going to start to happen at a big level.

Eve: [00:31:59] So now you’re raising funds through crowdfunding?

Rebecca: [00:32:04] Mm hmm.

Eve: [00:32:05] Do you think the profile of investors might look a little different? It’ll be interesting to see.

Rebecca: [00:32:10] Yeah, I do. Just by my premise all along, there are people that care about their communities. And I was with the homeowner yesterday in Sunnyvale and by the time I was left, he goes, you know, that would be feel pretty good to be able to help a teacher. Their kids are in grade school, and it’s a community synergy because these are highly qualified people. They’re people that have been employed. They just don’t make tech dollars. And so, there’s two kinds of people and I’ve talked to both of them. Let’s just get as much rent as we can, and that’s why I’d invest. But my investors are there because they understand what I’m trying to accomplish. And so, with the crowdfund, I think it’s an opportunity for people that care about this issue to be able to help it accelerate and watch it go, you know, geographically viral.

Eve: [00:33:02] So, how big do you hope to grow?

Rebecca: [00:33:06] I think it could end up as an IPO.

Eve: [00:33:09] Well, good for you.

Rebecca: [00:33:11] Because I don’t see an end to it. California’s got some really strict environmental laws. We have seismic. There’s just things that have to be taken consideration. But I have two designs, and one of them just fastens to the slab. It’s a box on top of the box. And I ran into problems with a building official that said the garage couldn’t work. Telling me, oh, it’s a load bearing wall, now you have to put a footing in. Which was stupid because the garage floor is designed to a 3,000-pound point load and 40 pounds a square foot. And my unit uplift on a seismic event was less than 2,000 pounds. So, I know that it’ll work. And so, they’ve made here, they’ve made a lot of. My gosh, I want to say it’s SB eight, but I can’t be positive. That makes it ministerial for you to change zoning on office and retail. So, if you have under-utilized retail, you can convert it as well. And I think the boxes will be, the other design will make it even. But I could use either one.

Eve: [00:34:14] Interesting. So, do you have any words of advice for young women entering the construction industry?

Rebecca: [00:34:21] Yeah.

Eve: [00:34:23] Because it’s a fabulous, I mean, construction, building, architecture is a lot of fun. It’s a great industry to be in, but it shouldn’t be that hard for us, should it?

Rebecca: [00:34:33] No, it shouldn’t be. I think it starts with, you’ve got to find people that are not gender biased. They’re not looking at you as being a woman. They’re looking at you being a mind. And I had the benefit of growing up in that environment, and I also had aunts traveled around the world and they were, you know, single, educated, brought things back, gave us a thirst and a lust for diversity. That’s one of the reasons I love it here. But getting into construction, I think it’s finding your posse, for better term, of people, other women, that can give you a clear reflection of yourself and whatever issues you’re having, make sure they’re not like telescoping back to some other trauma and work on those things. I’m a testament to that. And persevere, I mean, perseverance.

Eve: [00:35:24] I agree.

Rebecca: [00:35:24] I just take it to the exponential. Because I’m just, because when I know that I know, then I can’t stop. I just know. And so, one way or another, I’m going to get around that problem. And ideation is a really big plus. It’s stay creative and curious, because no matter what, who says anything about you, if you’re solving problems and making things happen, they can’t dispute it. So just, it takes a while to get there, I think, because it can be. It’s different in every environment. I’ve had senior level people understand my talent and give me all kinds of responsibilities, but people are parallel or a little bit lethargic in what they’re doing. You know, I don’t make them happy because I’m raising the bar. But I just think, I think we need to teach little girls how to use tools and how to build things. So that we’re promoting that. There’s a group called Tools and Tiaras. It’s in New York City. And actually, the first gentleman was there with them, and they’ve been on the Drew Barrymore show. The woman is a plumber. She’s a person of color, and she teaches these girls how to use their tools. There’s another group that’s in Toronto that’s kick ass. And these are some young women that are kicking ass that are electricians and welders and plumbers. And, you know, they’re just owning it and being it. And I think we’re in an age where we just have to own our capability.

Eve: [00:37:00] Yeah, I agree. Well, on that note, thank you so much for joining me. I’m really excited to see where this goes. And I may be scouting out garages.

Rebecca: [00:37:10] You ought to.

Eve: [00:37:12] It’s a really fabulous idea.

Eve: [00:37:15] All you have to do is facetime with me and I can tell you.

Eve: [00:37:18] Thank you, Rebecca.

Rebecca: [00:37:20] Yeah, thank you, Eve. I appreciate it.

Eve: [00:37:31] I hope you enjoyed today’s guest and our deep dive together. You can find out more about this episode or others you might have missed on the show notes page at RethinkRealEstateforGood.co. There’s lots to listen to there. If you like what you heard, you can support this podcast by sharing it with others, posting about it on social media, or leaving a rating and review. To catch all the latest from me, you can follow me on LinkedIn. Even better, if you’re ready to dabble in some impact investing, head on over to smallchange.co, where I spend most of my time. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And a big thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon, but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Rebecca Möller

Net zero building.  It’s a boom!

May 2, 2022

“A mix of high-tech and old-fashioned energy efficiency tactics can deliver carbon-neutral buildings, right now. But the U.S. needs to pick up the pace” writes James S. Russell for Bloomberg.

Oil shortages are a hot topic since Russia invaded the Ukraine, prompting the International Energy Agency to release a 10-point-plan for cutting oil use. But the plan only focuses on transportation and overlooks substantial energy savings that might be found in the built environment. Buildings consume about 40% of our energy in the US, but reducing fossil fuels is still seen as a detrimental impact to our comfort. In reality, we could pretty quickly decarbonize by implementing some simple measures already available to us. These include better insulation, energy star appliances and more efficient heating and cooling. The technology sector has also provided us with sensors, controls, and advanced energy modelling.

Paul Schwer, is the president of PAE, an engineering firm that designs mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems for low emission buildings. He dramatically reduced the energy emissions of his own home by electrifying everything. And his company built a 58,000-square-foot net zero building in Portland through the use of natural lighting and ventilation (lots of windows that open), radiant floor heating, good exterior insulation and a solar array. Paul is convinced that the majority of buildings in the US are good candidates for retrofitting for energy reduction.

The high performing energy-efficient ‘Passiv Haus’ is the gold standard for new construction, achieving energy reductions of up to 75%. But even without following the exacting Passiv Haus methodology, energy efficiency can be accomplished through the use of freely available passive measures, such as natural daylight, sun shading, wide overhangs, sun louvers and natural ventilation.

But what about the carbon footprint or embodied energy of buildings themselves? The materials used to construct a building, such as steel, concrete and aluminum, are a large proportion of a building’s carbon footprint. KierenTimberlake, an architecture firm known for its innovative approach to energy efficiency, devised a digital tool to calculate the carbon emissions embodied in the manufacturing of an existing building’s materials which they intended to develop. When they compared it to how much carbon would be emitted by building a new net zero building, they found that it would take 186 years to reach parity. 

Embodied energy is one of the reasons that mass timber, or cross-laminated timber (CLT), has become so popular. Mass timber is more environmentally friendly as it’s made from small strips of timber, can be locally sourced and can replace carbon-heavy materials such as steel and concrete. US building codes will soon allow mass timber buildings of up to 18 stories to be built.

President Biden’s March spending bill includes $3.2 billion for retrofitting homes to make them more energy efficient. That’s a good start. But to achieve scale in the reduction of energy in the building sector will require much more. If all new buildings were net zero, as well as our transport vehicles electrified, we could cut our emissions dramatically by 2030.

Read the original article here.

Image of New US Embassy facade by Images George Rex from Flickr CC BY-NC-SA 2.0

Building efficiency.

March 23, 2022

Adrian Washington says that until he was past 30, he had never even heard the term ‘real estate developer.’ Today he is known for over two decades of experience in urban real estate development, construction and management and the startup of several companies, the most notable being Neighborhood Development Company, founded in 1999 in his hometown of Washington, D.C. 100% minority owned, NDC is a triple-bottom-line company, responsible for over 1 million sf of completed residential and commercial projects, and about 1 million sf waiting in the development pipeline. Adrian also served for 18 months as the head of the Anacostia Waterfront Corporation, charged with leading the $10 billion, 20-year redevelopment initiative of the city’s Southwest and Anacostia Waterfronts.

Having started in management consulting, Adrian shifted gears after he bought an old brownstone in a run-down, but up and coming part of town. He started fixing it up, and found that he loved the process, as well the potential impact on the neighborhood, and eventually he found himself asking, why not try doing something you’re really passionate about? He has said, “I think disrupting is almost always good for an industry,” and true to that Adrian just launched a new business, Platform, to “revolutionize the way that buildings are built.” The idea is simple – integrate all the services required to build the platform (foundation structure) of a building to provide a ‘one stop shop’’ for this critical part of any construction project. Plus, they want to leverage ‘green technologies’ and are aiming to be carbon neutral in five years. It’s ambitious and challenging, but we wouldn’t expect any less.

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:09] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. For Good. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors, those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo, in order to build better for everyone. If you haven’t already, check out all of my podcasts at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co, or you can find them at your favorite podcast station. You’ll find lots worth listening to, I’m sure.

Eve: [00:01:05] Adrian Washington is determined. A veteran developer with a pedigree that includes a Harvard MBA, Adrian became a developer out of his love of cities. He founded the Neighborhood Development Company in Washington, D.C. over 20 years ago and has built 50 projects to date. Even early on, his goal was to provide affordable housing opportunities. His deals grew from four units to 100. And then the housing crisis hit. His biggest challenge was the rapidly rising construction costs, which make the job of building affordable extremely difficult. So, in 2021, he launched another company, Platform USA, which is focused on providing efficiency and affordability for the messiest, most inefficient part of constructing a building, the platform that supports the building above. This portion of a building amounts to 25% of a building’s cost but takes up 40% of the construction time. And Adrian’s company is on a path to create much more efficiency and therefore cost savings in this critical part of the structure. You’ll want to hear more.

Eve: [00:02:45] Hello, Adrian. Thanks so much for joining me today.

Adrian Washington: [00:02:48] Good morning, Eve. Thanks for having me.

Eve: [00:02:51] So you’ve been a real estate developer for decades, one of a pretty rare breed of Black developers. And I’m just wondering, what led you to become a real estate developer?

Adrian: [00:03:02] I became a real estate developer because I loved cities, I love housing, I love the interaction of all the energy that goes on in cities. And I wanted to provide opportunities for people to have affordable options to live.

Eve: [00:03:16] Okay. So that was the biggest problem to solve back then. And it sounds like it’s bubbled up to be one of the biggest right now. And then you went on to found your own company, Neighborhood Development Company, which you’ve owned for over 20 years now. Is that right?

Adrian: [00:03:32] That’s right. We were founded in the 1999 and exactly, as you said, Eve, that back then the challenge was sort of attracting people to cities. Cities still had a bad reputation, but I think we’ve become a victim of our own success. There are so many people flocking to cities and rents have gone up. Prices have gone up. So the challenge has become a totally different challenge than the one we started with.

Eve: [00:03:54] Yeah, actually, that’s a really good perspective. I remember when the word urban was a bad word, but it’s definitely not anymore, is it?

Adrian: [00:04:02] No, no. It’s quite a desirable place to live.

Eve: [00:04:05] Yeah, what a big shift. Okay, so tell us about the projects that you typically tackle. How big are they and what type of projects?

Adrian: [00:04:15] Okay. Well, we started with very small projects and as we’ve grown over the years, we’ve progressed to much bigger ones. So back in the beginning, our projects were very small buildings, four-unit buildings, six unit buildings, and we grew to now the typical building size that we do is somewhere plus or minus 100 units of housing.

Eve: [00:04:34] That’s pretty large and only housing or they mixed use, or commercial?

Adrian: [00:04:38] It’s primarily housing, but we have done several mixed-use buildings. We really focus, in terms of mixed-use of the commercial side, on neighborhood-serving commercial properties. So, for instance, we’ve done charter schools, we’ve done exercise studios, we’ve done fresh food markets, we’re doing a farmers market sort of marketplace in one of our current projects, we’ve brought medical care, health care. So housing is our main thing, but we’ve tried to provide retail and commercial options that help serve the neighborhoods we work in.

Eve: [00:05:13] And where do you find those?

Adrian: [00:05:16] We found this all over. I mean, primarily now because of the scale of projects we do, our projects are ground up. So typically, we will find vacant land in underserved parts of cities, and we’ll take those and we’ll develop what’s there. Sometimes we have to rezone them to make them more suitable. Sometimes we can just build on what’s called a ‘as is’ basis, but we find them in a variety of ways and a variety of places.

Eve: [00:05:40] And so over the years, like, how many buildings have you developed now?

Adrian: [00:05:44] We developed over 50 projects now.

Eve: [00:05:47] Oh, that’s pretty substantial. And you know, I forgot to ask you, where are they located? I know you live in D.C., but are all your projects there, or do you go further afield?

Adrian: [00:05:57] Primarily, most of our projects are in Washington, D.C. proper. We have a couple under development now in suburban Maryland and we’re expanding to suburban Virginia for future projects. So primarily this area. We looked at other areas of the country to expand. We have some, sort of, places that we’re interested in and I think in the years ahead we’re going to be there because we see the need, not just in the D.C. area, but in other areas as well.

Eve: [00:06:22] So what’s been the greatest challenge in doing this work over the years?

Adrian: [00:06:27] I think there’s been, I wish it was just one challenge, Eve. It’s really a number of challenges. I think that the big challenge we’re seeing now is the economics. Land prices have gone up somewhat, but really its construction costs have gone up tremendously. And the cost to build a building has gone up maybe three-fold since when I started. And also, the time it takes is increased as well. So, we’re constantly looking at ways to reduce that cost and reduce that time to build.

Eve: [00:06:59] And of course, that trickles down to the tenants, doesn’t it?

Adrian: [00:07:02] It absolutely does. I mean, the economics are hard to modify. If it costs you more to build, you’ve got to charge more rent in order to pay for the building.

Eve: [00:07:13] So the affordable housing crisis seems almost impossible to solve with all of this going on. It’s a little depressing, isn’t it?

Adrian: [00:07:20] Well, I mean, it’s not impossible. It’s challenging, you know, and we’re working on different ways. So, we’ve been able to overcome those challenges and we continue to try to get better in finding new ways to do that to meet the need. And we’re not going to be deterred. We’re going to make it happen.

Eve: [00:07:35] So that brings me to your new company which you just founded last year, I believe, called Platform USA. So what is Platform?

Adrian: [00:07:46] It’s called Platform because we’re really focused on the building platform, the part of the building that you really don’t see once the beautiful vertical part is built. But the platform is an extremely important part of the building. It’s where about 25% of the cost is, and it’s about really 40% of the time it takes to build a building is in that part of the building that’s scheduled there. So, we found that there were tons of money, tons of really smart people, lots of focus on the vertical part of the building but almost no company and no company that we’ve seen has a single-minded focus on the underground part of it. So that’s where we focus Platform.

Eve: [00:08:23] What are all the things that go into that underground part? You know, what sort of skills?

Adrian: [00:08:29] Yeah, there are five or six, primarily, components or trades that go into it. There’s the excavation actually digging the hole. There’s sheeting and shoring, holding up the hole before you pour the concrete in. There’s a concrete portion of it that’s part of the structure going up to what’s called a podium. But then there are things like underground utilities, there are things like testing, there’s environmental aspects. So, there are parts that are both what you typically consider the hard cost, construction and excavation, etc. But there are all these other types of things that are in the soft cost and what Platform does uniquely, it provides a one-stop shop for all of those things.

Eve: [00:09:09] And probably a lot of engineering, too, right?

Adrian: [00:09:12] Absolutely.

Eve: [00:09:13] And so how is that handled today and how are you hoping to shift that?

Adrian: [00:09:19] I mean, it’s a mess right now today. I mean, right now it’s just a forgotten backwater of the industry. And developers and contractors they have to go out and, you know, trade by trade, company by company, discipline by discipline, you know, handle all of those individually. So, you’d go out to a geotechnical company to do your drilling. You’d go to a structural engineer to design the underpinnings. You’d go to a excavation contractor to do that. And all of these entities have conflicting desires. There’s a lot of finger-pointing, it’s really a big mess. And so, I think our key innovation in platform is that you can go to one person, one company, a one-stop shop that can deliver all of that, and there’s no finger-pointing. You give us your specification for the platform, we give you a price, and we deliver on that price. One contract, one guarantee. This is much simpler, it’s much faster and it’s much cheaper.

Eve: [00:10:15] Interesting. So how are you going to build those capabilities?

Adrian: [00:10:20] We build them in a couple of ways. In the early phases, we’ve assembled a team of specialized one, who work with us project after project. We do that. So that’s phase one. But phase two, we’re going to acquire companies because we believe that the key to really getting the savings that we need to get is to have all those elements directly under our control. So, we’re going to do acquisitions, what’s sometimes called as a roll-up strategy to acquire these different companies. We have one company right now that we’re in discussions with and we’re going to add more as we go on. So, after year two, year three, we’ll have a fully integrated company with all these components under one roof.

Eve: [00:11:00] And what’s your progress so far?

Adrian: [00:11:02] So far, we’ve started construction on our first project. We are wrapping up our contract negotiations to start in the second. We have two more that we’re slated for later this year. So, we have very aggressive growth goals and right now we’re right on track for meeting this.

Eve: [00:11:20] Interesting. So, are the projects you’re going to focus on like the projects you build?

Adrian: [00:11:25] Well, that’s one of the great advantages Platform has. I mean, we have a sister company, my real estate development company Neighbohood Development Company and platform is going to be the exclusive platform provider for that. So, we’ve got a robust pipeline in Neighborhood Development Company. And so that provides a great underpinning, no pun intended, for Platform’s growth, but we’re also going out to third parties. So, we are negotiating several third party contracts right now, and we’re going to do both NDC’s projects and a much greater volume of third-party projects.

Eve: [00:11:57] Pretty fabulous. It’s a really interesting company. It’s got to cost a bit of money to buy these companies and scale up. And full disclosure, you’ve just started a crowdfunding offering on Small Change. So what’s your plan for the financials for this company? How do you think it will grow?

Adrian: [00:12:14] Clearly, the reason that we launched our crowdfunding campaign on Small Change is to provide equity for those acquisitions. I mean, the way our economics are set up, we’re going to be profitable very early on in terms of our base business where we’re predicting profitability for 2022. So, the equity need is not to fund the base operations of the company, but it’s to fund the acquisitions that we’re going to do. And so, we’ve built it into our budget. The money that we hope to raise on Small Change will fund the first couple of acquisitions. And then as we grow, we may go back to crowdfunding or we may use institutional equity to fund that acquisition growth.

Eve: [00:12:51] So what’s the ultimate goal here, Adrian?

Adrian: [00:12:53] The ultimate goal is to change the industry. I’ve been in the industry for decades, both on the development side as well as construction side, and there’s just like a crazy lack of innovation, particularly on underground components that Platform is going to address. So, our goal is nothing less than to change the industry, to change the way that platforms are created, to make the creation of platforms better, cheaper and faster. And by doing that, to lower the cost of housing to address that critical need in housing.

Eve: [00:13:25] Well, kudos, Adrian. It’s a really fascinating company and you’re tackling a super messy problem. So, I wish you great success.

Adrian: [00:13:35] Thank you.

Eve: [00:13:35] Can’t wait to see what happens.

Adrian: [00:13:37] Me too.

Eve: [00:14:00] You can find out more about this episode or others you might have missed on the show notes page at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co. There’s lots to listen to there. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music, and thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon, but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Images courtesy of Adrian Washington, Platform USA

Next Gen recycling.

February 2, 2022

A bit of a technology ‘man for all seasons’, Harri Holopainen started his career in computer graphics on a Commodore 64. He worked on smart card payment systems, co-founded a small graphics software company, and even designed and implemented a prototype online gaming world, a subject he did his university thesis on. Upon graduating, he and his partners grew their computer graphics software company, Hybrid Graphics Oy, until NVIDIA stepped up and bought the company in 2006. Harri later struck out on his own again, as a partner at Love of Technology Strategies, and co-founder of Microtasks, a microwork company.

In 2013, Harri stepped into the world of machine learning and robotics, at ZenRobotics, a company that builds smart robots for waste sorting and recycling. Founded in 2007, they are at the cutting edge of applying AI-based (they call it “ZenBrain”) robotics to sorting all kinds of trash. Their mission is nothing less than defining Next Generation Recycling. They have two main products, a ‘fast picker’ that is aimed at traditional mixed recycling streams, and a ‘heavy picker’ that can sort construction and demolition waste materials. The latter makes up to 6900 picks per hour using multiple sensors and can be found in Scandinavia, throughout mainland Europe, China, Japan and Singapore, and even in the U.S. There is even a system running on wind power, in Sweden.

Over the last nine years, Harri has served at ZenRobotics as Robot Lab Head, Head of Technology, and now, CTO. He describes himself as a generalist, having worked on VC rounds, defined product strategies, negotiated licensing agreements with Ericsson and Nokia, headed R&D development teams, and even hand-built critical robot components. But as he notes now, “Lately I’ve also been up to my elbows in trash.”

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:09] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. For Good. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors, those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo, in order to build better for everyone. If you haven’t already, check out all of my podcasts at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co, or you can find them at your favorite podcast station. You’ll find lots worth listening to, I’m sure.

Eve: [00:00:53] Harri Holopainen has a mission. To define Next Generation recycling. A bit of a technology ‘man for all seasons’, Harri started his career in computer graphics on a Commodore 64. He moved onto smart card payment systems, co-founded a small computer graphics software company, and even designed and implemented a prototype online gaming world, a subject he did his university thesis on. But in 2013, Harry stepped into the world of machine learning and robotics at ZenRobotics, a Finnish company that built smart robots for waste sorting and recycling. And there he helped build their A.I. based ZenBrain robots, which sort all kinds of trash, first as a robot lab head and now as CTO. Harry describes himself as a generalist. He’s worked on VC rounds, defined product strategies, negotiated licensing agreements, headed R&D development teams, and even handled critical robot components. But lately, he says, “I’ve been up to my elbows in trash”. You’ll want to hear more.

Eve: [00:02:23] If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast and go to RethinkRealEstateForGood.co where you can subscribe to be the first to hear about my podcasts, blog posts and other goodies.

Eve: [00:02:55] Hi, Harri, thanks for joining me today.

Harri Holopainen: [00:02:58] Hi Eve, glad to be here.

Eve: [00:03:00] So I was really fascinated reading about your career. You did early work on a Commodore 64 and technology has defined your career. So, like everything from computer science to online gaming, I’d really love to hear about this trajectory and what the common thread is for you.

Harri: [00:03:22] Well, I think the common thread has always been in working with technologies that at some point will have an impact in everyday life and that sounded quite sort of absurd actually when we started to work with computer graphics, but then along the way came computer game consoles that started to bring home computer graphics into living rooms. And then you’ve got PCs and finally, you got mobile phones and I remember the first things, when there was a big customer asking for us that they would like to have these graphics very advanced graphics on a cell phone display that had, maybe, I don’t know, 80 times 60 black and white pixels. And we were thinking kind of like, yeah, like, what’s this is never going to go anywhere. But then again, a couple of years later, we realized that it’s the user interfaces of these mobile phones that actually will require quite sophisticated graphics. And this sort of graphics portion of my life ended in 2006. We sold the company that we founded to Nvidia, who was then and is still the number one graphics software and hardware company. And also the movie Avatar came out. And I remember seeing Avatar, and my first realisation was that, OK, so I have been in computer graphics long enough, so my work is done. Time to find something else to do.

Eve: [00:05:13] Interesting. So, you moved on to many other things and you have ended up in machine learning at ZenRobotics.

Harri: [00:05:26] Yes. And I’ve been here now for eight years, and this is, well, I would say that the primary sort of thing that comes to mind is that nobody really is against robots picking up our trash, and everybody agrees that there’s quite a lot of trahs out there and it ain’t going to recycle itself. So, it’s kind of a no brainer thing to do to apply robots there. And that’s also another kind of technology, which has been in people’s imaginations for over 100 years. But then this idea of smart robots actually doing something useful outside assembly lines, it still hasn’t quite happened. And I feel that this waste sorting is one big step towards that direction.

Eve: [00:06:24] So ZenRobotics sorts waste, all sorts of waste. And what’s your role there?

Harri: [00:06:33] My current title is CTO. The first thing that I did in the company was that I made the first prototype of the current type of robots that we currently use. Made it big for the first time. And then after that, I have been working in basically, since we are sort of a smaller company and need to move fast, so the research is very fast paced activity. So the research is the things that you think you can sell in 12 months’ time. And basically, those are the projects that I’ve been spending almost all of my time in, and it involves things like mechanisms for grouping waste and, of course, mechanisms that actually can survive in a waste plant and then also a lot of higher-level software to make the robots really earn its pay at the customer site.

Eve: [00:07:32] Let’s step back a bit. So ZenRobotics is a company that basically sorts waste using robots.

Harri: [00:07:40] Yes.

Eve: [00:07:41] And I read somewhere about the ZenBrain. What’s the ZenBrain and what are the products you’ve developed to sort waste

Harri: [00:07:52] ZenBrain is basically the collection of technologies that use a variety of sensors to look at the waste on a conveyor belt and then recognize the objects on the belt and then figure out how the robot could actually grip the objects on the belt. And then finally, the pieces of software that tell the robot to move over. So that the object from the belt actually ends up in the correct place, and the first application area was construction and demolition waste. And there are the objects can be quite large. I think we are talking about maybe 30 kilograms of maximum weight for pieces of concrete and stuff. And then the second robot that we have done is a robot designed for handling packaging and light waste. And the difference there is that that robot is much faster. But of course, it doesn’t need to lift 30 kilos because most of the things that it picks are things like hamburger cartons and plastic bottles and things like that.

Eve: [00:09:09] So they have different brains. So, what’s the problem that Zen Robotics is trying to solve? Why was the company launched?

Harri: [00:09:17] The company was founded by two old friends of mine and then some waste sorting experts. And the first slogan for the company was that’s basically “let’s do something cool with robots and A.I.” And then they try to figure out what that might be. And they actually did quite a lot of, sort of, small-time projects. I think there was discussions about going to fisheries and make a robot that picks up the dead fish from those containers before they make all the other fish sick. And that’s an interesting challenge in gripping that fish. And then there was another project done for a nuclear power company where the challenge was to, Recycling of these fuel rods that was apparently required some, some high level A.I. So then, at one point my friend, who has often trouble getting sleep in the evening, he was basically just at his home watching TV and there was Discovery Channel on showing images about these staggering piles of waste that’s, that you can find in all around the world. And then he realized that how about applying A.I. to make a robot that actually can sort waste? And it sounded very easy because, of course, you have these industrial robots, and they are not really that expensive. So that’s problem solved. And then there’s already, back then there was equipment that was used to identify materials on a conveyor belt. So, just put those two things together and we will have a robot that sorts trash. And it didn’t turn out quite, to be quite that simple.

Eve: [00:11:16] Simple, yeah, that’s what I was going to say. Sounds simple, but probably not.

Harri: [00:11:20] Yes.

Eve: [00:11:21] So I’m really fascinated by the whole construction industry and how this might impact it. And have you seen a change in approach to recycling materials over the years? And how readily is this being adopted in real estate projects or demolition projects or anything like that?

Harri: [00:11:42] Back when we started, the idea of using robots to sort construction and demolition waste was quite sort of novel. And when we were discussing people, then there was this category of people who were forward-looking. Back then they quickly realized that, actually, this makes a lot of sense and also so that it’s, it should be also quite profitable. And today we are in a situation where pretty much all the recycling industry agrees that robots are one important piece in this puzzle of getting circular economy work. So there’s quite a big, sort of, change in overall attitude. And of course, on the practical side, the waste industry is, first of all, it’s quite conservative. It’s not really the kind of an industry that immediately jumps into all the new things out there. And also the existing waste processing plants are quite large and expensive. So, even if today we would invent something completely sort of ground-breaking, then it would take quite a lot of time before the customers could actually employ it because these new breakthroughs, they don’t make any practical difference. If you have a 20 million, year old plant that you just built last year, and it’s incompatible with that. But now, actually this year, we have seen an opening of two new plants, one here in Helsinki. It’s about 30-40 million Euro plant, and it’s designed around robots. And most of all, the plant is designed to recycle waste so that none of it goes to landfill. And that’s quite a fantastic sort of starting point.

Eve: [00:13:43] That’s amazing. Yeah!

Harri: [00:13:45] And there’s also another plant in Switzerland that’s opened, also this year, and they are employing robots to recycle actually concrete and other inert materials. As you may know, cement industry is one of the biggest CO2 polluters. And the point of their plant is that they will take in concrete, stone and all the other inert mineral materials and then recycle it into something that can be used to make a concrete with less cement in it.

Eve: [00:14:18] Interesting.

Harri: [00:14:19] And that’s also a kind of plant and process that you can’t have without robots because there’s no other way to sort that kind of material.

Eve: [00:14:29] So what countries are at the forefront of this Next Gen recycling trend?

Harri: [00:14:35] I think that the waste industry itself is quite interesting because it’s especially, in C&D, it’s quite a regional industry and there’s a lot of regional differences. And that means that there is not that much competition globally. Because obviously, if you do C&D sorting in Finland, it would be completely unfathomable to just not be competing with companies in the US, for example, because you can’t transfer the waste itself, nor you can really transfer the end results of the recycling. And so, our customer, first customers ended up being the first adopters, essentially, all around the world, which is and has been quite challenging because we are a small company in Finland and our then first customers were, well, one of them was, well, a couple of them on in Central Europe, then one in the U.S., then I believe we have one in Australia and then one in, I think, Singapore or Japan.

Eve: [00:15:49] Oh, interesting. So, I’m Australian, you know, so that’s thumbs up for Australians. So, your company is in Finland, but when you say that customers, do they buy these robots from you? Is that what you’re selling?

Harri: [00:16:03] Yes, we sell the, basically the robots and then our customers are the companies that operate waste sorting facilities. And of course, we are in close cooperation with the companies that design these waste processing plants and processes and equipment.

Eve: [00:16:27] Ok. It’s really interesting. So, you have a fast picker and a heavy picker. And you describe, the heavy picker is really used for the construction industry, and the fast picture is for light boxes and things and like, what’s next? I mean, there must be other pickers in the, I’m a Picker too, but that’s not what we’re talking about. There must be other pickers in the works, right?

Harri: [00:16:58] At this point we have about, I think, maybe 60 arms around the world in production and we are currently scaling up. And it’s really no problem for us of identifying potential new use cases because there’s basically one new potential use case coming up every week. And there’s the, yeah, there’s like, for example, textile recycling is one big area where there are very few existing solutions. And then there’s obviously scrap metal and all that entails.

Eve: [00:17:38] Salvage yards, yeah.

Harri: [00:17:40] Yeah. And then recycling processes for cars and electronics. And there’s the recycling process for used batteries. Like practical problems like if you have a facility that recycles lead acid batteries, then it’s rather straightforward because you strip out the plastic shell and take out the lid and then basically, you’re done. And but then again, in that pile of batteries, you have a used lithium-ion battery, if you put that battery in that process, it may explode there, and that’s going to be a big problem for them. So that’s a typical kind of place where this added complexity of basically the everyday products out there will pose these interesting new challenges to companies that are already recycling things. And then there’s obviously, there’s a potentially very large amount of waste categories that are not really yet recycled at all because there is no economic way of doing it.

Harri: [00:18:51] And construction and demolition waste, there are other ways to do it than with robots. One thing to separate, for example, wood and light plastics from stones is to dunk them in water and then skim what floats. And that kind of works but of course, it makes everything wet, and soon that pool of water itself will be contaminated. And then, of course, there’s manual waste sorters are what are currently used in the quality control of municipal waste and also in construction and demolition waste and pretty much every sort of waste process where there is a significant sort of operation going on. And of course, one of our entries to the market has been that we will reduce the number of manual sorters required. Well, the possibilities are, of course, endless and unlimited. So that has never been our problem. So this picking and sorting is the easiest thing that makes a difference and has commercial value. But of course, after you have a robot that’s good at picking these things, why not use the robot to tear them apart as well?

Eve: [00:20:10] One thing that springs to mind, I saw a amazing show where a woman had an architect design a house for her and they used the wings of a decommissioned airplane for the roof, which was just fascinating, you know? But the fields of decommissioned airplanes are just crazy. I don’t know if anyone’s tackling those.

Harri: [00:20:30] Yeah, that’s also, and I would think that that entails a massive amount of manual labor. I guess a similar use case is decommissioning of ships, which I believe basically happened by, I don’t know, stranding them on a beach somewhere and having them [???]

Eve: [00:20:49] And then they just rust.

Harri: [00:20:51] Yeah. Or then there’s like 200 guys that come with, I don’t know, pliers and angle grinders and that, and put it into tiny pieces and.

Eve: [00:21:02] Interesting.

Harri: [00:21:03] Very, very manual, intensive, and very hazardous work.

Eve: [00:21:07] So I have to ask, what is the economics of this look like for someone who wants to deconstruct a building manually using a robot? Is it cheaper than sending out a crew?

Harri: [00:21:17] Well, I think if you have a building that needs to be decommissioned, then today I’m not really sure if our customers use the robots as a unique selling point, because the point of the robots for our customers is basically just to be able to give you a better price because there’s less, the operation has less cost. And of course, especially in the municipal waste, the regulatory bar is obviously rising constantly, and that obviously applies also to C&D sorting. That means that there are higher sort of regulations for the total operation of demolishing a building because you can’t demolish a building and then just dump it somewhere. So at the end of the day, that, at least it will mean that the prices of putting stuff in landfill, they are quite steeply rising and that forces the operators of these recycling facilities to make their processes more efficient.

Eve: [00:22:30] Interesting, so can you tell me what your team looks like? And you said you’re a small company? What does that look like?

Harri: [00:22:38] In the early, earlier days when a lot of the stuff that we had to do was quite sort of exploratory in nature, then I think I maybe had a 10-person team at that point. And I think we are about 60 persons at the moment. And then nowadays, when our focus is on delivery and maintenance and making sure that our customers get basically, professionally built and maintained equipment, then that means that the role of sort of rocket science is something that is luckily less needed today than five years back, when we still had problems in making sure that the robots actually keep working. And now, at the moment, we are focusing on making sure that our first about 50 customers are happy. And also, my team is now basically focusing on measuring and estimating the performance of the robot. And that’s actually quite a fascinating problem because one thing that people really don’t realize about waste is that waste is extremely hard to measure. The only thing that is easy to measure is to drive a truck on a weigher and notice that there’s 20 tons of waste in the truck. But then again, measuring what’s inside that container. The only known way of measuring it is actually to have some guy come over and take a peek.

Eve: [00:24:10] Interesting. That’s the manual bit, right?

Harri: [00:24:14] Yes. And that’s currently a quite a massive blocker in the waste industry, because if you think of an industrial process, it works because it’s measured. Whereas in the waste industry, it’s a bit difficult to even notice whether the process is actually working well or not. So, if you have a facility that sorts plastic, let’s assume, let’s say that this facility provides 10 tons of HTP plastic a year. So how do you know that there’s actually 10 tonnes of plastic instead of nine tons of plastic and one ton of other stuff? Well, you don’t really know. And of course, you will know if you have a process that really dislikes these contaminants, then you notice that something went wrong when you put into that HTB plastic in the process and you notice that there’s an explosion, then you notice that maybe there was a couple of these nice lithium-ion batteries inside that 10 tons of HDP. And of course, that’s too late. And in order to prevent that, there’s manual checks that are done more or less sort of consistently and the problem of this manual checking is that it’s expensive and it’s also very difficult to get a statistically relevant measure of basically a pile of waste by just a guy eyeballing it. And connection with robots is that the robots actually do look at every single object that comes under their sensors, and they take a really hard look at it and they may determine whether it should be picked or not. And that means that the robots actually can tell you quite a lot of what the customer actually had flowing in his waste process. And there are also some other sorting equipment that can tell that but they are not quite widely used yet, and they definitely are not used at the front gate of these waste processing facilities. So whatever people put in the waste basket that will at some point end up in one of these facilities, and no one really knows what the stuff is, we see one glimpse of it, and we are working in making sure that the robot can actually tell something useful of the waste itself. And over time, it may be that the knowledge of the waste itself, that might even be more valuable to the customer than the sorting result.

Eve: [00:27:00] So, yeah, I always wonder about sorting residential waste, which, I can’t imagine is an exact or efficient process, I think most people probably ignore the guidelines for recycling, and everything ends up being dumped in one place, so it feels like all that waste you’ve got to go back to the beginning.

Harri: [00:27:20] That’s an interesting question about how much people should be sorting at home. And I guess the extremes are that, especially in the US, there’s, in a lot of public places, there’s a big container where you dump everything, and it says that it’s sorted somewhere else. And then another extreme was that I was skiing in Austria some years back and that flat that we rented, it had nine garbage bins.

Eve: [00:27:50] You know, that’s very common in Germany, too. My husband has shared photos of me of these recycling bins and even more so there’s limited hours when you can put glass in them because it might disturb the neighbors.

Harri: [00:28:03] And you need to have nine of these in your kitchen. So, they’re under the sink there’s three, and I don’t know beside the sofa, there’s two and there’s a couple of in the cupboard over there and it’s just complete insanity because if you have nine categories to think of then it just, it’s ridiculous. It will just get people annoyed. And it’s also not efficient at all, because the problem is that you need to have nine different trucks visiting your home, or you have, need to have one truck that has nine compartments. And they all fill at different sort of pace,

Eve: [00:28:41] And you have to have someone who’s diligent enough to fill them properly, right? Yeah, the human element.

Harri: [00:28:46] I don’t mind that because of course, we’ll happily sell robots that fix those issues later on at the plant. But I personally, I think that there’s like, first of all, this bio stuff, leftover food and that should be kept separate because that’s really a nasty thing because it will foul up everything else. And then after that, well, I would say that glass is quite straightforward. Uh, in Finland and other European countries, at least we have this, and I guess in the US too, there’s

Eve: [00:29:26] Some places, not everywhere.

Harri: [00:29:28] Yeah. You’ll return empty bottles, and you get some money back.

Eve: [00:29:32] Yeah.

Harri: [00:29:34] And so that makes sense. And then cardboard and paper, probably. But then if you put people starting to sort of recycle different kind of plastics, then it’s just not going to work.

Eve: [00:29:48] But even the paper like, yeah, some people argue that they put the dirty pizza box in the paper recycling, but it’s dirty, it’s got food in it.

Harri: [00:29:58] Yeah, yeah there’s a lot of this. My wife has also lived in Germany, and she also lived in Switzerland for a while, and they are absolutely sort of fanatic about what the neighbors put in the trash.

Eve: [00:30:12] So recycling is a really big business, and maybe your robots have to develop a sense of smell as well. In the ZenBrain,

Harri: [00:30:20] I felt that for a long time we have all the technology that we will ever need. So, the technology is are not really the difficult bit. The difficult bit is actually finding a customer who can make a business out of a process that has a robot. And for these new areas where they are no working large scale solutions, it’s going to be really hard because they would need quite a massive capital to set up a shop that would produce enough of these, whatever resulting fractions that would be, where the volumes would be so high that using those fractions would be a business for someone else. So, if you want to recycle textiles, I guess recycling textiles itself is not necessarily that hard. Uh, but the problem is that exactly what are you going to recycle, what are your fractions and what’s going to happen to those fractions? And that’s, what are you going to do with, for example, cotton that has been reclaimed from textiles. Do you, like, it would be really stupid to like, incinerate it. It would be even more stupid to put it into a landfill. There’s a company that does these sound insulation panels out of the reclaimed fiber.

Eve: [00:31:45] There’s a company in Pittsburgh that makes fabric and is done very well out of plastics.

Harri: [00:31:49] Yes.

Eve: [00:31:50] So actually, plastics from Haiti, so they’re very, very specific. I don’t imagine they have robots sorting that in Haiti, but that’s what they do. Yeah, interesting. So just to round up, what are some of your favorite success stories, you know, people where things really change because of one of your robots?

Harri: [00:32:14] I would really say that this recently opened facility at one of our customers, Remeo, here in Finland. It has 12 robot arms, and the plant is designed not to send anything to landfill. That’s quite a remarkable achievement.

Eve: [00:32:31] Yeah, that is.

Harri: [00:32:33] And the plant is brand new and it’s quite, sort of, well it’s something else. I’ve seen a lot of waste processing plants and all of them are fascinating in their own manner. But this is something new and it’s enabled by robots, and it has taken us basically 10 years of work to get there.

Eve: [00:32:52] Interesting. So that’s a glimpse of the future for sorting waste. Nothing goes to a landfill.

Harri: [00:32:59] Yep.

Eve: [00:33:00] Well, thank you very much. You’ve been heard to say “lately, I’ve also been up to my elbows in trash”.

Harri: [00:33:07] Yes.

Eve: [00:33:08] So I’m just wondering, are you having fun? Is this interesting work?

Harri: [00:33:13] Yeah. Waste is fascinating because going to a waste plant, well, the first thing you notice basically might be the smell, but the big thing in these waste facilities is the conveyor belt. That’s where the waste is flowing and it’s just mesmerizing. And you’ll see all of the, basically, by-products of humans living, and for some really completely inexplicable reason when we go at the site where our big robots sort construction and demolition waste, there’s, like, uncanny amount of shoes on the belt. Yes. And I just, at some, we looked at data on one of our sites in Norway, and that was only for one day, and I just basically had to calculate the rate of shoes appearing on that line. And the conclusion was that if that rate holds for a month, they will have a ton of shoes. And it’s really like, absolutely amazing because if you go on the belt, it goes like half a meter per second and there’s a shoe and then, whoa, that’s a shoe, and then wait for 10 seconds or a minute, hey, there’s another shoe. But you can’t figure out how many shoes there actually are over a one day, or one week, or one month of production. And that’s the kind of things that’s really…

Eve: [00:34:42] Really fascinating.

Harri: [00:34:43] You never get bored.

Eve: [00:34:45] No. So, I have to ask, are there more women’s or more men’s shoes?

Harri: [00:34:50] We haven’t really made statistics, but I’m actually absolutely positive that at some point, our A.I. will have this built in function in detecting shoes.

Eve: [00:35:02] This is really fascinating. Well, thank you very much for joining me. I really enjoyed it, and I can’t wait to see what you scale up to.

Harri: [00:35:11] Thank you.

Eve: [00:35:11] Wonderful.

Harri: [00:35:12] Yeah, me neither.

Eve: [00:35:17] Smart brains building smart robots to sort trash in very smart ways.Eve: [00:35:24] You can find out more about this episode or others you might have missed on the show notes page at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co. There’s lots to listen to there. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of Harri Holopainen, ZenRobotics

Running on fumes.

January 26, 2022

John Liss is running on fumes.  He’s up very early every morning building his company FAST. And he’s doing something important and having fun.

John founded True Footage, with a Harvard business degree in hand, to help a rather sloppy industry get a little more accurate. A real estate data authentication platform built to streamline residential transactions, they provide AI-based residential transaction data for the purpose of reducing subjectivity in appraisals and tax assessments for home buyers, from inaccurate square footage to under-assessment for minority property owners. The company uses video, computer vision, and machine learning to offer products such as square footage certification, floorplan, and property data capture, enabling lenders to save time and standardize data. The company operates in 17 states and is the fastest growing appraisal provider in the country. John started his career as a real estate agent before moving into real estate private equity and development. He has a BA from Harvard where he wrote his thesis on the real estate brokerage industry and an MBA from Harvard Business School. 

Read the podcast transcript here

Eve Picker: [00:00:08] Hi there. Thanks for joining me on Rethink Real Estate. For Good. I’m Eve Picker and I’m on a mission to make real estate work for everyone. I love real estate. Real estate makes places good or bad, rich or poor, beautiful or not. In this show, I’m interviewing the disruptors, those creative thinkers and doers that are shrugging off the status quo, in order to build better for everyone. If you haven’t already, check out all of my podcasts at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co, or you can find them at your favorite podcast station. You’ll find lots worth listening to, I’m sure.

Eve: [00:01:06] John Liss is running on fumes. He’s up very early every morning, building his company, fast. And he’s doing something important and having fun. John has always been fascinated by the real estate industry, but, more often than not, John says people do not realize the true value of their real estate asset because the industry is a little sloppy. If someone enters 1100 square feet instead of 1200 square feet into a sales listing, then when it’s appraised, often using square footage comparisons, one hundred square feet of value is passed along to the buyer for free. Sometimes a subjective decision is made about a neighborhood or a street. And that, too might inaccurately value a property. John has set out to solve that problem with the company he launched in 2019, True Footage. They provide residential appraisals that are super accurate, using lidar and machine language-based software. Not only can they create faster turn times and more accurate underwriting for lenders, they are adding objectivity to a process that is often highly subjective and they are in demand. Over the last year, John has added 200 employees. He’s in 17 cities and he’s only just started.

[00:02:38] If you’d like to join me in my quest to rethink real estate, there are two simple things you can do. Share this podcast and go to RethinkRealEstateForGood.co, where you can subscribe to be the first to hear about my podcasts, blog posts and other goodies.

Eve: [00:03:01] Hi, John, thanks so much for joining me today.

John Liss: [00:03:04] Thanks for having me.

Eve: [00:03:05] I’m pretty excited about what you’re doing, but I wanted to start by going back to your thesis when you were at Harvard. You got a high honors for thesis on steering practices and I would like to know what steering practices are.

John: [00:03:20] Yeah, sure. So, my background has always been in the real estate industry. I started getting interested in it when I was about 12 years old. I grew up right outside of New York, and it was always a running joke in my family that I was going to become a real estate agent, but I actually decided to do that between high school and college. So, I took 15 months off and worked in a real estate office prior to going to undergrad. And so, then when I got to school, I knew that I wanted to incorporate real estate into my studies somehow and wrote my senior thesis on the residential brokerage industry. Doing an ethnographic study of New York City real estate industry. And New York City is a particular real estate market. Obviously, you have the highest prices in the country, but also you have building types that almost operate like country clubs. And those country club buildings are called cooperatives. Basically, it has in history have been very, kind of, drivers of segregation, I would say. And not just racial segregation, but also religious segregation, to the point where people knew which buildings accepted what kinds of people and then brokers would perpetuate those stereotypes by saying, oh, you can’t go to that, you can’t go to that building because they don’t like Jews there. Or you can’t go to that building because you don’t belong to your kids, don’t go to the right schools. And so that was kind of the history of New York. And obviously, over time, the city’s gotten better and the practice has dissipated a little bit, but it’s definitely a major part of the residential story on Manhattan.

Eve: [00:05:03] Interesting. So those are steering practices, right?

John: [00:05:09] Yeah, and you know, there’s been a lot of talk, now we’re in the appraisal industry, and there’s been a lot of talk about kind of what’s going on there. But I would actually argue that it starts in the brokerage space and appraisers have had to deal with kind of historical data that is, you know, punished by redlining and punished by some of these other practices, and it makes the job of the appraiser much more difficult because of kind of all of the upstream problems that are happening.

Eve: [00:05:35] So how did that influence your life? That thesis.

John: [00:05:40] Oh, I mean, I’ve been obsessed with real estate ever since I was little, and I always knew that I wanted to go into a career in the real estate industry. And I think another thing that I noticed in that thesis was just the use of data and how brokers use data and the importance of having clean and accurate data. I’ll tell you another part of the, not in the thesis, but later on in my journey in the real estate industry, I walked around New York City with a 3D camera. It was 23 pounds, so I looked a little ridiculous. And I measured properties and compared them to what was listed on Zillow or StreetEasy, which is the New York City version of Zillow. And I was finding discrepancy of 16 percent on average, and these are people that are buying houses for one thousand two thousand even nine thousand dollars per square foot. So, if you have this discrepancy and the brokers are reporting, you know, misreporting square footage, then you have a lot of people buying things that they don’t really know what they’re buying. And so, that kind of experience also informed my decision to eventually try to start a company that was all about objectivity and all about kind of getting to the right answers and making sure that the people who were determining those answers had all the tools they needed to deliver that service.

Eve: [00:07:01] So, the name is extremely appropriate. True footage is the name of your company, right?

John: [00:07:06] Yeah. So, the name definitely is from the square footage, but we’ve evolved immensely into an entire platform for appraising and beyond, so I’m really excited about kind of where we’ve been, but very excited about where we’re going.

Eve: [00:07:21] What are some examples of what goes wrong? Just, you know, besides in New York. There was an article recently about, in Northern California, about a black couple suing for a really lowball appraisal. They got a better one when they sent a white friend. Is that a problem that you can solve with your platform?

John: [00:07:45] Look, I think it’s important to note that ninety seven percent of appraisers are really, really good at their job. And so, there are some people that are really bad at their job.

Eve: [00:07:55] That’s true in every profession, right?

John: [00:07:57] Exactly. And I think there are people who, you know, have subconscious bias that affects their decision making. And again, that’s true in life. And we need to work hard to get, first of all, get those people out of the industry, but also provide tools to people to make sure that all of these instances are completely mitigated because it’s totally unacceptable, obviously. So, you know, those cases exist, and I think the main problem around kind of why this happens is just a lack of objectivity. Yeah, you can use technology to create more objective reports. So, one thing that we do is we have a ladder-based mapping solution that extracts square footage data using video, and we used adjustment technology that makes sure that our adjustments to the comparables are accurate and we have automated ways in which we report other parts of our data and make sure that some of the data that populates all the forms is done in the most transparent way. Because the problem is, a lot of the times, is the precedent data is terrible. So you have the MLS, where brokers are telling a story and they manipulate data in order to get across their vision of what they want to sell the property. And then you have County, which, you know, especially during COVID, they haven’t been out to assess a property in several years. And so, a lot of this information is extraordinarily stale. So that’s why the appraiser is more important than ever in terms of delivering accurate data to the equation because without them, you’re using data that is just oftentimes either purposely or im-purposely wrong.

Eve: [00:09:40] So that’s what True Footage does. Tell me exactly how it works, like do you have clients who come to you or, you know, how does this little business work?

John: [00:09:50] Yeah. So, I mean, we’re a full-service appraisal business and also a valuation business. So, what that means is we deliver appraisal reports, but we also can deliver alternative valuation reports as well. And we’re live in 17 states. We’ll be, call it in over 25 by next quarter. We have over two hundred employees and we’re working with over two hundred vendors already. So, what was a small little business is quickly resonating with banks and with customers, and we’re really excited about the progress, but really feel like we’re in the top of the first inning here.

Eve: [00:10:28] Wow, so are you in my state, Pennsylvania?

John: [00:10:33] We’re coming. We actually are looking at a Philadelphia office, but I know you’re in Pittsburgh, so we got to get…

Eve: [00:10:37] Oh yeah, it’s a big state. It’s the other end of it.

John: [00:10:40] Well, now that I met you, maybe we’ll get there faster.

Eve: [00:10:43] Yeah, OK. So, but still, who are your clients and how do they come to you?

John: [00:10:48] Yeah, so most of our customers are banks, and we develop relationships with them through all of our appraisers. So, we have appraisers around the country, they are best in class in each of their markets. We identify them, then we sign them on to the platform. And most of their banks are, you know, excited to work with them and continue to work with them. I think the way that the industry works is most banks have a scorecard system where appraisers are scored based on how accurate their reports are, how fast they get work done. And so, at a time like this, where volume is at an all-time high and the appraisals are taking longer than ever, people who are at the top of the scorecard are, continue to get more demand for their work because they’re good at their job. And so, we look for those people.

Eve: [00:11:37] Yeah. And actually, if any of our listeners don’t understand this, when you purchase a building and you go to the bank, the bank will order the appraisal. You don’t order the appraisal. The bank orders the appraisal. So, it’s a third-party discrete appraisal that they have control over, if you don’t provide one for them. So, I can see how banks would be like your most important customer for growth.

John: [00:12:00] Yeah, and I think that’s really important this third-party aspect, because obviously after 2009, what happened was that there was just not enough control, and a lot of the bad things happen. And so, the kind of third party component of the appraiser acting as an independent evaluator is an extraordinarily important part of the real estate engine in this country.

Eve: [00:12:25] So what’s been the feedback you’ve gotten from banks? What are they seeing in your appraisals and why are you growing so fast?

John: [00:12:33] I think everybody’s excited. You know, there’s a lot of change going on in the appraisal industry right now because of kind of, you know, the increased volume during COVID demonstrated a need for just faster and better reporting. I think generally what’s important to note is the appraisal industry, you have to deliver the reports in a way that is within the guidelines of Fannie and Freddie. And so. how the sausage is made is important but delivering the sausage in the fully compliant way is the most important thing, and that’s exactly what we do. So, the output kind of looks pretty similar to what a traditional appraisal model would look like. It’s more just kind of what’s going on internally to make sure that all of our data is done appropriately. The quality is high, and it’s delivered faster than other people in the market.

Eve: [00:13:24] Ok, so any favorite success stories? Any interesting facts on Earth?

John: [00:13:30] Well, that’s an interesting question. I can’t think of something right now but let me come back to you on that.

Eve: [00:13:36] Ok? And how long have you been in business for? You started. True Footage…

John: [00:13:42] So the idea came in business school, but we commercially launched on July 1st.

Eve: [00:13:48] And you’ve got 200 employees?

John: [00:13:51] Yes.

Eve: [00:13:52] Wow. You must not be sleeping much.

John: [00:13:56] I’m so excited, I’m not kidding, I beat my alarm clock by three hours every day. I literally am having the time of my life and more importantly, I think our appraising team is having a lot of fun. I mean, we have people that have been appraising for 30 plus years on the roster that said they’ve never had this much fun. So that’s kind of the best part of this all, is is getting buy-in from people that have been doing it much longer than I have and making sure that they’re super excited and pumped about kind of where this is going.

Eve: [00:14:27] Let me ask you, what did it take to launch? What happened before the launch?

John: [00:14:31] Oh God, a lot. I mean,

Eve: [00:14:33] That’s really what it’s all about, right?

John: [00:14:35] I had bad days. You know, I remembered like calling my ex-girlfriend once. I remember, just like worrying about kind of like, am I on the right track? There’s a lot of squirming. I had the idea originally that it was a square footage calculator. You know, I thought, why is it that, you know, we have our biggest asset in our lives, and we don’t know anything about it? There should be more verification and square footage is the biggest driver of value. And realize that that wasn’t enough of a business, and we needed to expand kind of the product offering. And obviously, COVID hit and what was a hardware product originally became a software product because Apple released their iPad that had Lidar in it. And there was so much literature going on about the appraisal industry around kind of the increased turn times and the issues around bias, which, you know, now the Biden administration is addressing. And I thought, wow, we had spent so much time building this technology. Let’s apply it to a broader industry. And that kind of was a big moment. We signed up. I got to work with my CTO who’s phenomenal, and he has a background in the appraisal industry as well. And we said, you know, let’s go at this and let’s spend the next six to nine months with our heads down building and then launch in the summer. And that’s kind of what we did.

Eve: [00:16:02] How long was that pre-launch period altogether, from idea to launch?

John: [00:16:07] Almost two years when I came up with the original idea. I was also in school. So, the innovation lab at school was an amazing place to bounce ideas and learn. And so that was kind of, I don’t want to say I was dragging my feet because I wasn’t, but it was definitely, you know, I knew once school ended, it was go time.

Eve: [00:16:29] So now you’ve launched, what are the biggest challenges you’re encountering now?

John: [00:16:36] That’s a good question. I think, you know, speed is an interesting one because obviously the incumbent banks have their own processes and just getting everyone on board and fast enough and getting order flow at the pace, we would like it. We obviously are appraisers are incredibly busy, but I think just generally getting everyone to move in sync together with all the different stakeholders is one. And we want to deliver more products. We have over five products in our kind of development phase right now. And so, I think just getting all of those out the door and delighting our customers is kind of our main focus right now. So, the main issue, I would say, is that we just want to get a lot done and there’s only twenty-four hours in the day.

Eve: [00:17:26] Actually, let’s go back to Lidar. What is Lidar?

John: [00:17:30] Lidar is a technology often used in autonomous cars that basically measures depth, and so it stands for light detection and ranging. And what it is is, when it’s embedded in all of the new kind of Apple products for virtual reality. Obviously, we’ve been seeing a lot about the Metaverse, et cetera. And so what it allows for is for using video to measure depth. And so, when you create a video measuring depth, you’re able to extract measurements and get to really accurate square footage data. I mean, you think about traditionally how floor plans are measured, and I had to, when I was an intern in my office, I would have to sit with the floor plan measure and watch him for four hours. And it was really with measuring tape or a single point laser if you were lucky.

Eve: [00:18:19] Right. Oh, a little tool that you roll on the ground, right?

John: [00:18:23] Exactly. You’re an architect, so you must have seen it before, right? And so, I mean, it’s crazy. So obviously with Lidar, you’re taking millions of points. It’s not just one point, and we like to think that all rooms are rectangles, but the truth is they’re not. And so having access to this lidar where you can create a map that’s much more dense in terms of the amount of points it’s collecting, is a huge value add, and also helps the appraiser save time. So, the appraiser is really happy because a lot of their risk has been mitigated. There’s nobody that’s going to come after them about the square footage because they know that it’s been validated by this technology.

Eve: [00:18:59] So tell me then, an appraiser’s job. I know what an appraiser does, but maybe most people don’t. It’s pretty tedious. What’s the job for you look like?

John: [00:19:09] Yeah, I think appraising is really cool and it’s something I wish, honestly, when I chose to be a broker, I might have chosen to kind of start as an appraiser because you really learn how to value things in the market. I mean, we have people that have leveraged their appraising career and gone into other parts of the real estate ecosystem on the side, and I think that’s really cool. What does an appraiser do? It’s all about valuation, so think of each property is almost like a little puzzle and you have to kind of get to what the value of that puzzle is. So, it starts with getting an order in and you have to bid on how much you think you should get paid for that appraisal, basically. And then you drive to the site or someone in your, your trainee drives to the site. And you conduct the inspection. You record all of the information around quality, condition, size and then you drive around, and depending on the bank, you have to shoot comparable properties for that. And then you go back to your desk and you kind of fill out a grid. And that grid is pulling comparable properties and then adjusting those comparable properties back towards the subject property to make sure that the subject property if you’re looking at [???]

Eve: [00:20:26] So you get like, I actually did an appraisal course and I passed it, but so, if you have two properties that are the same and one of them has a porch with a view, there’s going to be extra points for that. It’s going to have extra value or one of them has a garage and one does not. All of those things come into play, right?

John: [00:20:45] Exactly. And so, then you kind of arrive at an appraised value for that property and then based on what the contract price is for the house. Or if it’s a refi, you either get approved or not for that amount. And then if you’re under, you have to come up with cash in a purchase situation to kind of squeeze, fill that gap.

Eve: [00:21:07] And so, now with this new tool, everyone has an iPad?

John: [00:21:12] Yeah, all of appraisers have the Lidar iPad.

Eve: [00:21:15] And so they go out and they take a video of the space inside and they can get very, very accurate, true footage.

John: [00:21:22] Exactly. And I think also they can go back to that video and refer to it. If they forget, if they’re doing multiple inspections in a day and they’re like, oh, wait, which one was that? And so it’s much more kind of ability to check back.

Eve: [00:21:35] So your business is really, truly built on this new technology. You really couldn’t do it without it.

John: [00:21:40] Oh, absolutely. And I think, you know, there’s so much we’re adding on the data science side as well for the dust portion of the job that is really going to standardize and automate the report with the appraiser fully in the driving seat. I mean, we’ve seen what happens when big companies try to ignore the human at the end over the past couple of months, and it’s a disaster. So you’ve got to have an appraiser in the driving seat, otherwise your accuracy is going to be seriously doubted.

Eve: [00:22:08] Ok, so I’m going to ask, the other services that you’re planning. Can you talk about them yet?

John: [00:22:14] Yeah, I mean, it’s more just around different products within the valuation services umbrella, right? So, you know, an appraisal is the gold standard, but it’s not the most appropriate valuation in every instance. Sometimes people just need kind of a refresh of their valuation quarterly or something like that, and so we’re looking to expand the menu of offerings so that our customers can say, for this house, I need this type of report and for this house, I need that type of report. We’re building technology that will allow banks to spit in and address and then let us tell them what kind of report they might want.

Eve: [00:22:52] What about larger commercial buildings? Are you focusing on them at all? Because, you know, you just made me think about when I have to do refinancing or after five years when my mortgage expires on my 25,000 square foot little commercial building. The bank orders another appraisal from scratch, and that person has no information about the first appraisal.

John: [00:23:15] You just told me I’m not sleeping, and now you’re asking me to go into commercial. I think commercial is coming, but I think we’re really focused. Residential is awesome because it’s over a hundred and forty million properties. And so, let’s get that right. And then we can think about kind of next.

Eve: [00:23:33] Ok, so one last question what’s your big, hairy, audacious goal?

John: [00:23:40] My big, hairy, audacious goal. I’ve never heard it asked like that…

Eve: [00:23:44] It’s a BHAG. You don’t know what a BHAG is? A big hairy audacious goal?

John: [00:23:50] Is that an Australian?

Eve: [00:23:51] No, I don’t think so.

John: [00:23:54] Well, it shows what I know.

Eve: [00:23:55] It’s probably an older generation actually, John.

John: [00:24:00] We want to rebuild the residential data sector. We think that there’s a lot of, a lot left to be desired, and we think that appraisers are kind of in the prime position to be the leaders of that change. And that’s why we’re focused on appraisers being a part of the story and really kind of the cornerstone of that story. And we believe that access to accurate data is in the best interest of everybody involved. It’s in the best interest of the consumers and the homeowners. It’s in the best interest of the lending industry. It’s in the best interest of the U.S. government who’s backstopping all of this activity. And nobody solved the problem yet, and we’re on our way.

Eve: [00:24:42] Well, I’m super excited just listening to you. It sounds, I think it sounds fantastic. Thank you very much for spending some time with me today.

John: [00:24:50] Thank you so much. I really appreciate it.

Eve: [00:25:08] John is unpacking a tiny little piece of the real estate industry that could have a dramatic impact for everyday people. True Footage promises equitable appraisals no matter what neighborhood your house is in.

Eve: [00:25:33] You can find out more about this episode or others you might have missed on the show notes page at our website RethinkRealEstateForGood.co. There’s lots to listen to there. A special thanks to David Allardice for his excellent editing of this podcast and original music. And thanks to you for spending your time with me today. We’ll talk again soon, but for now, this is Eve Picker signing off to go make some change.

Image courtesy of John Liss, True Footage

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